DOCSLIB.ORG

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

PGCC Collection: Volume 6: The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon World eBook Library PGCC Collection Bringing the world's eBook Collection Together http://www.WorldLibrary.net Project Gutenberg Consortia Center is a member of the World eBook Library Consortia, http://WorldLibrary.net __________________________________________________ Limitations By accessing this file you agree to all the Terms and Conditions, as stated here. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Here are 3 of the more major items to consider: 1. The eBooks on the PG sites are NOT 100% public domain, some of them are copyrighted and used by permission and thus you may charge for redistribution only via direct permission from the copyright holders. 2. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark [TM]. For any other purpose than to redistribute eBooks containing the entire Project Gutenberg file free of charge and with the headers intact, permission is required. 3. The public domain status is per U.S. copyright law. This eBook is from the Project Gutenberg Consortium Center of the United States. The mission of the Project Gutenberg Consortia Center 1 is to provide a similar framework for the collection of eBook collections as does Project Gutenberg for single eBooks, operating under the practices, and general guidelines of Project Gutenberg. The major additional function of Project Gutenberg Consortia Center is to manage the addition of large collections of eBooks from other eBook creation and collection centers around the world. The complete license details are online at: http://gutenberg.net/license __________________________________________________ The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon November, 1996 [eBook #736] *This is Volume 1 of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire* *eBook File: 6dfre10.pdf or 6dfre10.htm Corrected EDITIONS, 6dfre11.pdf. Separate source VERSION, 6dfre10a.pdf. Etext by David Reed: [email protected] and [email protected]. Ver.04.29.93* 2 The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire If you find any errors please feel free to notify me of them. I want to make this the best eBook edition possible for both scholars and the general public. [email protected] and [email protected] are my email addresses for now. Please feel free to send me your comments and I hope you enjoy this. David Reed History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman Vol. 6 The Crusades. Part I. Preservation Of The Greek Empire. - Numbers, Passage, And Event, Of The Second And Third Crusades. - St. Bernard. - Reign Of Saladin In Egypt And Syria. - His Conquest Of Jerusalem. - Naval Crusades. - Richard The First Of England. - Pope Innocent The Third; And The Fourth And Fifth Crusades. - The Emperor Frederic The Second. - Louis The Ninth Of France; And The Two Last Crusades. - Expulsion Of The Latins Or Franks By The Mamelukes. In a style less grave than that of history, I should perhaps compare the emperor Alexius ^1 to the jackal, who is said to follow the steps, and to devour the leavings, of the lion. Whatever had been his fears and toils in the passage of the first crusade, they were amply recompensed by the subsequent benefits which he derived from the exploits of the Franks. His dexterity and vigilance secured their first conquest of Nice; and from this 3 threatening station the Turks were compelled to evacuate the neighborhood of Constantinople. While the crusaders, with blind valor, advanced into the midland countries of Asia, the crafty Greek improved the favorable occasion when the emirs of the sea-coast were recalled to the standard of the sultan. The Turks were driven from the Isles of Rhodes and Chios: the cities of Ephesu and Smyrna, of Sardes, Philadelphia, and Laodicea, were restored to the empire, which Alexius enlarged from the Hellespont to the banks of the Maeander, and the rocky shores of Pamphylia. The churches resumed their splendor: the towns were rebuilt and fortified; and the desert country was peopled with colonies of Christians, who were gently removed from the more distant and dangerous frontier. In these paternal cares, we may forgive Alexius, if he forgot the deliverance of the holy sepulchre; but, by the Latins, he was stigmatized with the foul reproach of treason and desertion. They had sworn fidelity and obedience to his throne; but he had promised to assist their enterprise in person, or, at least, with his troops and treasures: his base retreat dissolved their obligations; and the sword, which had been the instrument of their victory, was the pledge and title of their just independence. It does not appear that the emperor attempted to revive his obsolete claims over the kingdom of Jerusalem; ^2 but the borders of Cilicia and Syria were more recent in his possession, and more accessible to his arms. The great army of the crusaders was annihilated or dispersed; the principality of Antioch was left without a head, by the surprise and captivity of Bohemond; his ransom had oppressed him with a heavy debt; and his Norman followers were insufficient to repel the hostilities of the Greeks and Turks. In this distress, Bohemond embraced a magnanimous resolution, of leaving the defence of Antioch to his kinsman, the faithful Tancred; of arming the West against the Byzantine empire; and of executing the design which he inherited from the lessons and example of his father Guiscard. His embarkation was clandestine: and, if we may credit a tale of the princess Anne, he passed the hostile sea closely secreted in a coffin. ^3 But his reception in France was dignified by the public applause, and his marriage with the king's daughter: his return was glorious, since the bravest spirits of the age enlisted under his veteran command; and he repassed the Adriatic at the head of five thousand horse and forty thousand foot, assembled from the most remote climates of Europe. ^4 The strength of Durazzo, and prudence of Alexius, the progress of famine and approach of winter, eluded his ambitious hopes; and the venal confederates were seduced from his standard. A treaty of peace ^5 suspended the fears of the Greeks; and they were finally delivered by the death of an adversary, whom neither oaths could bind, nor dangers could appal, nor prosperity could satiate. His children succeeded to the principality of Antioch; but the boundaries were strictly defined, the homage was clearly stipulated, and the cities of Tarsus and Malmistra were restored to the Byzantine emperors. Of the coast of Anatolia, they possessed the entire circuit from Trebizond to the Syrian gates. The Seljukian dynasty of Roum ^6 4 was separated on all sides from the sea and their Mussulman brethren; the power of the sultan was shaken by the victories and even the defeats of the Franks; and after the loss of Nice, they removed their throne to Cogni or Iconium, an obscure and in land town above three hundred miles from Constantinople. ^7 Instead of trembling for their capital, the Comnenian princes waged an offensive war against the Turks, and the first crusade prevented the fall of the declining empire. [Footnote 1: Anna Comnena relates her father's conquests in Asia Minor Alexiad, l. xi. p. 321 - 325, l. xiv. p. 419; his Cilician war against Tancred and Bohemond, p. 328 - 324; the war of Epirus, with tedious prolixity, l. xii. xiii. p. 345 - 406; the death of Bohemond, l. xiv. p. 419.] [Footnote 2: The kings of Jerusalem submitted, however, to a nominal dependence, and in the dates of their inscriptions, (one is still legible in the church of Bethlem,) they respectfully placed before their own the name of the reigning emperor, (Ducange, Dissertations sur Joinville xxvii. p. 319.)] [Footnote 3: Anna Comnena adds, that, to complete the imitation, he was shut up with a dead cock; and condescends to wonder how the Barbarian could endure the confinement and putrefaction. This absurd tale is unknown to the Latins. Note: The Greek writers, in general, Zonaras, p. 2, 303, and Glycas, p. 334 agree in this story with the princess Anne, except in the absurd addition of the dead cock. Ducange has already quoted some instances where a similar stratagem had been adopted by Norman princes. On this authority Wilker inclines to believe the fact. Appendix to vol. ii. p. 14. - M.] [Footnote 4: In the Byzantine geography, must mean England; yet we are more credibly informed, that our Henry I. would not suffer him to levy any troops in his kingdom, (Ducange, Not. ad Alexiad. p. 41.)] [Footnote 5: The copy of the treaty (Alexiad. l. xiii. p. 406 - 416) is an original and curious piece, which would require, and might afford, a good map of the principality of Antioch.] [Footnote 6: See, in the learned work of M. De Guignes, (tom. ii. part ii.,) the history of the Seljukians of Iconium, Aleppo, and Damascus, as far as it may be collected from the Greeks, Latins, and Arabians. The last are ignorant or regardless of the affairs of Roum.] [Footnote 7: Iconium is mentioned as a station by Xenophon, and by Strabo, with an ambiguous title, (Cellarius, tom. ii. p. 121.) Yet St. Paul found in that place a multitude of Jews and Gentiles. under the corrupt name of Kunijah, it is described as a great city, with a river and garden, three leagues from the mountains, and decorated (I know not why) with Plato's tomb, (Abulfeda, tabul.
Recommended publications
  • Book I. Title XXVII. Concerning the Office of the Praetor Prefect Of

    Book I. Title XXVII. Concerning the Office of the Praetor Prefect Of

    Book I. Title XXVII. Concerning the office of the Praetor Prefect of Africa and concerning the whole organization of that diocese. (De officio praefecti praetorio Africae et de omni eiusdem dioeceseos statu.) Headnote. Preliminary. For a better understanding of the following chapters in the Code, a brief outline of the organization of the Roman Empire may be given, but historical works will have to be consulted for greater details. The organization as contemplated in the Code was the one initiated by Diocletian and Constantine the Great in the latter part of the third and the beginning of the fourth century of the Christian era, and little need be said about the time previous to that. During the Republican period, Rome was governed mainly by two consuls, tow or more praetors (C. 1.39 and note), quaestors (financial officers and not to be confused with the imperial quaestor of the later period, mentioned at C. 1.30), aediles and a prefect of food supply. The provinces were governed by ex-consuls and ex- praetors sent to them by the Senate, and these governors, so sent, had their retinue of course. After the empire was established, the provinces were, for a time, divided into senatorial and imperial, the later consisting mainly of those in which an army was required. The senate continued to send out ex-consuls and ex-praetors, all called proconsuls, into the senatorial provinces. The proconsul was accompanied by a quaestor, who was a financial officer, and looked after the collection of the revenue, but who seems to have been largely subservient to the proconsul.
  • Capetian France 987-1328 2Nd Edition Free Download

    Capetian France 987-1328 2Nd Edition Free Download

    FREE CAPETIAN FRANCE 987-1328 2ND EDITION PDF Elizabeth Hallam | 9781317877288 | | | | | Editions of Capetian France by Elizabeth Hallam Inwhen Hugh Capet took the throne of France, founding a dynasty which was to rule for over years, his Capetian France 987-1328 2nd edition was weak and insignificant. But bythe kingdom of France was beginning to dominate the cultural nd Capetian France 987-1328 2nd edition life of western Europe. In the centuries that followed, to scholars and to poets, to reforming churchmen and monks, to crusaders and the designers of churches, France was the hub of the universe. La douce France drew people like a magnet even though its kings were, until aboutcomparatively insignificant figures. Then, thanks to the conquests and reforms of King Philip Augustus, France became a dominant force in political and economic terms as well, producing a saint-king, Louis IX, and in Capetian France 987-1328 2nd edition IV, a ruler so powerful that he could dictate to popes and emperors. Spanning France's development across four centuries, Capetian France is a definitive book. This second edition has been carefully revised to take account of the very latest work, without losing the original book's popular balance between a compelling narrative and an fascinating examination of the period's main themes. This is the 2nd edition of Capetian France which is an enormous improvement from the 1st edition. The work expands into using various medieval documents to tell the story of this almost obscure period My approach to European history has always been more or less random; whatever interesting-looking book happens Capetian France 987-1328 2nd edition turns up in the remainder bin or at a used bookstore.
  • 1St Wife of Emp.Isaakios II

    1St Wife of Emp.Isaakios II

    [EIRENE?], FIRST WIFE OF EMP. ISAAKIOS II -349- [EIRENE?], FIRST WIFE OF EMPEROR ISAAKIOS II ANGELOS, IS A PROBABLE TORNIKINA AND GATEWAY TO ANTIQUITY by Don C Stone1 and Charles R Owens ABSTRACT In most printed histories and reference works the first wife of Byzantine Emperor Isaakios II Angelos is described as unknown. She had married Isaakios, borne him several children, and died, all before Isaakios became emperor. In Section 1 we review evidence relating to the name of this first wife and some relationships that might involve her, concluding that she is very likely the daughter of Demetrios Tornikes, logothetes of the dromos (foreign minister) of emperors Isaakios II and Alexios III. In Section 2 we present a genealogical sketch of the Tornikes family, noting biographical details that further support this parentage. Foundations (2011) 3 (5): 349-390 © Copyright FMG and the authors 1. Her Name and Some Relationships and Titles Five sources from the time of Emperor Isaakios II Angelos (d.1204) or slightly thereafter give or might give information about his first wife: 1. Her name was given as Herina [Eirene] in the necrology of Speyer Cathedral, where her son-in-law Philipp, second husband of her daughter Eirene-Maria, is buried. 2. The Byzantine official Konstantinos Tornikes was called the theios (uncle) of Emp. Alexios IV Angelos (son of Emp. Isaakios II Angelos and the latter’s first wife) in December 1203 in an act of the monastery of Patmos. 3. Euthymios Tornikes, brother of Konstantinos, called himself despotes in a eulogy for Emp. Alexios III in 1201.
  • Conference About Succession

    Conference About Succession

    A CONFERENCE ABOUT THE NEXT SUCCESSION 1 ________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY: The document below is a modern-spelling edition of A Conference about the Next Succession to the Crown of England. The frame story of A Conference is a fictitious conference in Amsterdam in the spring of 1593, fully described in the Preface to Part I. In that fictitious frame story, the principal speakers are two lawyers, the one an expert in the civil law of England, the other an expert in the common law. This frame story in itself makes it clear that the author himself had a legal background. The civil lawyer puts forward his arguments in Part I (or rather, the author of A Conference puts forward his arguments through the mouth of the fictitious civil lawyer). In Part II, it is the turn of the fictitious expert in the common law. The title page promises that ‘a new & perfect arbour or genealogy of the descents of all the Kings and Princes of England from the Conquest unto this day’ can be found at the end of the tract whereby the claims of all the current pretenders to the English crown will be made plain. This ‘arbour’ or genealogy may have been based on the work of Francis Peto (see below, and TNA SP 70/137, ff. 319-21). Unfortunately this promise is not fulfilled. The ‘arbour or genealogy’ does not appear, suggesting that the author of A Conference did not play a role in the book’s publication. A Conference is a well organized and well thought out presentation.
  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University Press

    © in This Web Service Cambridge University Press

    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-43093-7 - Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era c. 680–850: A History Leslie Brubaker and John Haldon Index More information Index Given the centrality of these concepts to the present work, the terms ‘iconoclasm, iconoclast’ etc., and ‘iconophile’ are not indexed. Monuments are normally listed under location. ‘Abbas, son of al-Ma’mun 409 Anatolikon 28, 70–1, 74, 159, 292, 294, 358, ‘Abd al-Malik, caliph 778 362, 364, 386, 410, 549, 553, 554, 586, ‘Abd ar-Rahman II, caliph 411 613, 633, 634, 691, 697, 704, 759 Abu Qurra, Theodore 188, 233, 234, 246 Anchialos 288, 290 acheiropoieta 35–6, 38, 55, 56, 774, 782 Andrew of Crete 20, 70, 80, 85, 90, 151, 643 Adamnan 58, 141, 781 Angelidi, Christine 216 Adata 410 angels, images of 776 adiectio sterilium 718, 720 Ankara 255, 289, 409, 540, 549, 552, 553, 561 Adoptionism 283, 309 Anna, patrikia 313, 424, 446 Adrianople 361, 362 Anna, daughter of Theodora and Theophilos Aetios, protospatharios 288, 292, 294, 637 433 Agathias 13, 54, 478, 776, 777 Annales Bertiniani 516 Agatho, pope 20 Anne, wife of Leo III 144 Agathos, monastery of 316, 424 Anthony, bishop of Syllaion 369, 390, 391, Agauroi, monastery of 397 392 Aghlabids 405, 411 Anthony the Younger, Life 735 Aistulf, king 169 Anthousa of Mantineon, monastery of 216, Akathistos, Synaxarion 93 240 Akroinon 76, 546, 553 anthypatos 593, 671, 673, 682, 712–13, 716, Alakilise, Church of the Archangel Gabriel 742, 764, 769–70 416 Antidion, monastery 425 Alcuin 281 Antioch (Pisidia) 75 Alexander, Paul 373, 375 Antoninus of
  • Lehm71 N°3 Editions De L'academie De La Republique Socialiste De Roumanie

    Lehm71 N°3 Editions De L'academie De La Republique Socialiste De Roumanie

    fijle LEHM71 N°3 EDITIONS DE L'ACADEMIE DE LA REPUBLIQUE SOCIALISTE DE ROUMANIE www.dacoromanica.ro Comité de Rédaction M. BERZA, membre correspondant de l'Acadérnie de la Ré- publ ique Social iste de Roumanie rédacteur en chef ; EM. CONDU- RACHI, A. ROSETTI, membres de l'Académie de la République Socialiste de RoumanieH. MIHAESCU, COSTIN MURGESCU, D. M. PIPPIDI, membres correspondants de l'Académie dela. République Socialiste de Roumanie ;AL. ELIAN, VALENTIN GEORGESCU, FR. PALL, MINA! POP, EUGEN STANESCU AL. DUTU secrétaire de la Réclaction. www.dacoromanica.ro REVUE DES tTUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES Tome IX 1971 N° 3 Mélanges d'histoire, d'art et de philologie(Mllesau XIV° Congas international d'études byzantines SOMMAIRE M. ANDREEV (Sofia), Sur le probléme de la coexistence du droit écrit et du droitcou- tumier des Slaves du Sud au Moyen Age 335 I. BARNEA (Bucarest), Dinogetia et Noviodunum, deux villes byzantines du Bas-Danube 343 V. BESEVLIEV (Sofia), Zwei Versionen bet Theophanes und Nikephoros dem Patriar- chen 363 PETER CHARANIS (Rutgers UniverbityNew Brunswick), Observations on the "Anti- Zealot" Discourse of Cabasilas 369 MARIA COMA (Bucarest), Quelques données concernant les rapports des territoires nord-danubiens avec Byzance aux VIeVIIIe siècles 377 DUJCEV (Sofia), Nouvelles données sur les peintures des philosophes et des écrivains palens la Baintovo 391 JEAN GOUILLARD (Paris), Le Photius du Pseudo-Syméon Magistros 397 R. GUILLAND (Paris), Contribution it l'histoire administrative de l'Empire byzantin. Le chartulaire et le grand chartulaire 405 OCTAVIAN ILIESCU (Bucarest), Le montant du tribut payé par Byzance a l'Empire ottoman en 1379 et 1424 427 JOHANNES IRMSCHER (Berlin-DDR), Winckelmann und Byzanz 433 KARAYANNOPULOS (Thessaloniki), Zur Frage der Slavenansiedlungen auf dem Peloponnes 443 COSTAS P.
  • Papers-And-Proceedings-Of-The-Third

    Papers-And-Proceedings-Of-The-Third

    PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD MEDIEVAL WORKSHOP IN RIJEKA Edited by KOSANA JOVANOVIĆ – SUZANA MILJAN FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF RIJEKA Rijeka 2018 Publisher: FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF RIJEKA Sveučilišna avenija 4 For51 000 publisher: Rijeka Peer-reviewers:Prof. Ines Srdoč Konestra Dr. Marija Karbić LanguageProf. Mirjana editing: Matijević Sokol GraphicDr. Iris Vidmar design: ISBN:Lea Čeč 978-953-7975-71-5 CIP record available in the University Library Rijeka digital catalog under number 140412079 Contents 7 Preface Kosana Jovanović – Suzana Miljan Part 1 Royalty, nobility and prelates: hierarchy and geography Márton Rózsa 11 Families behind a plot. The political and social background of the AranđelAnemas conspiracy Smiljanić MišoTitles Petrović and ranks of diplomats of the regional lords in Bosnia 29 Politicized religion. The “contested” prelates of Croatia, Dalmatia and 37 Slavonia during the struggle for the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary Tomislav(1382-1409) Matić 55 MajaFuture Lukanc Hungarian prelates at the University of Vienna during the 1430s 69 Anna of Celje (Cilli): in search of the overlooked Queen Part 2 Interpreting the sources: archaeological, textual and contextual analysis Jana Škrgulja 89 Symbols of power and ethnic identities in Late Antique Southern AndrejPannonia Janeš and Dalmatia (the sixth century) 109 KristinaThe archaeological Judaš approach and the need for medieval castle research 131 Scopes and limits of interpretation of magistrate’s attitude to violent crimes: examples from late medieval Gradec judicial records (1450- Ivan1480) Missoni IvanExpressions Botica –of Tomislav physical and Galović ecstatic love in the Passion of Our Saviour 147 165 Croatian Glagolitic notary service of Krk and Third notarial protocol of Jure Sormilić (1726-1734).
  • Appendix for “The Feudal Revolution and Europe's Rise: Political

    Appendix for “The Feudal Revolution and Europe's Rise: Political

    Appendix for “The Feudal Revolution and Europe’s Rise: Political Divergence of the Christian West and the Muslim World before 1500 CE” August 1, 2012 1 Feudalism and Political Stability To formalize the intuition presented in Section 3.3 using a simple framework, suppose that a perfectly myopic, risk-neutral sovereign imperfectly controls a polity that creates output of size one each period. Denote by γ the amount of land controlled by the military regardless of the actions of the sovereign (this can be interpreted as the percentage of the entire polity controlled by the military). Suppose that there are N perfectly myopic, risk-neutral members of the military (where N is sufficiently large) and that γ is evenly distributed between the members of this class. We consider the parameter value γ exogenously given. A value of γ = 0 corresponds to a perfectly absolutist sovereign (who uses mamluks or mercenaries to staff his military) whereas higher values of γ denote more feudal arrangements. Note that our assumption of perfectly myopic agents allows us to abstract from the potentially important issue of how the sovereign compensates the military (i.e., iqta’ rents versus land grants).1 In addition, we abstract from other important issues in order to focus on the sovereign’s desire to prevent a successful revolt. We do so in order to highlight one mechanism that we believe contributes to the observed increase in ruler duration. The order of play in the game is as follows: after observing γ the sovereign moves first and decides whether to keep the entire amount of output he controls to himself or whether to divide it equally between himself and the military.
  • Byzantine Names for SCA Personae

    Byzantine Names for SCA Personae

    1 A Short (and rough) Guide to Byzantine Names for SCA personae This is a listing of names that may be useful for constructing Byzantine persona. Having said that, please note that the term „Byzantine‟ is one that was not used in the time of the Empire. They referred to themselves as Romans. Please also note that this is compiled by a non-historian and non-linguist. When errors are detected, please let me know so that I can correct them. Additional material is always welcomed. It is a work in progress and will be added to as I have time to research more books. This is the second major revision and the number of errors picked up is legion. If you have an earlier copy throw it away now. Some names of barbarians who became citizens are included. Names from „client states‟ such as Serbia and Bosnia, as well as adversaries, can be found in my other article called Names for other Eastern Cultures. In itself it is not sufficient documentation for heraldic submission, but it will give you ideas and tell you where to start looking. The use of (?) means that either I have nothing that gives me an idea, or that I am not sure of what I have. If there are alternatives given of „c‟, „x‟ and „k‟ modern scholarship prefers the „k‟. „K‟ is closer to the original in both spelling and pronunciation. Baron, OP, Strategos tous notious okeanous, known to the Latins as Hrolf Current update 12/08/2011 Family Names ............................................................. 2 Male First Names .......................................................
  • History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Vol 6

    History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Vol 6

    History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman Vol. 6 The Crusades. Part I. Preservation Of The Greek Empire. - Numbers, Passage, And Event, Of The Second And Third Crusades. - St. Bernard. - Reign Of Saladin In Egypt And Syria. - His Conquest Of Jerusalem. - Naval Crusades. - Richard The First Of England. - Pope Innocent The Third; And The Fourth And Fifth Crusades. - The Emperor Frederic The Second. - Louis The Ninth Of France; And The Two Last Crusades. - Expulsion Of The Latins Or Franks By The Mamelukes. In a style less grave than that of history, I should perhaps compare the emperor Alexius ^1 to the jackal, who is said to follow the steps, and to devour the leavings, of the lion. Whatever had been his fears and toils in the passage of the first crusade, they were amply recompensed by the subsequent benefits which he derived from the exploits of the Franks. His dexterity and vigilance secured their first conquest of Nice; and from this threatening station the Turks were compelled to evacuate the neighborhood of Constantinople. While the crusaders, with blind valor, advanced into the midland countries of Asia, the crafty Greek improved the favorable occasion when the emirs of the sea-coast were recalled to the standard of the sultan. The Turks were driven from the Isles of Rhodes and Chios: the cities of Ephesu and Smyrna, of Sardes, Philadelphia, and Laodicea, were restored to the empire, which Alexius enlarged from the Hellespont to the banks of the Maeander, and the rocky shores of Pamphylia.
  • The Council of Ephesus

    The Council of Ephesus

    0431-0431 – Concilium Ephesenum – Documenta Omnia The Third Ecumenical Council. The Council Of Ephesus. this file has been downloaded from http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.html NPNF (V2-14) Philip Schaff THE THIRD ECUMENICAL COUNCIL. 191 THE COUNCIL OF EPHESUS. A.D. 431. Emperors.—THEODOSIUS II. AND VALENTINIAN III. Pope.—CELESTINE I. Elenchus. Historical Introduction. Note on the Emperor’s Edict to the Synod. Extracts from the Acts, Session I. St. Cyril’s Letter to Nestorius, Intelligo quos dam Continuation of Session I. Historical Introduction to Cyril’s Anathematisms. The Canonical Epistle of St. Cyril, Cum Salvator noster The XII. Anathematisms of St. Cyril, and Nestorius’s Counter-anathematisms, with Notes. Excursus to Anath. I., On the word Θεοτόκος . Excursus to Anath. IX., On how our Lord worked Miracles, with Theodoret’s Counter-statement. Extracts from the Acts, Session I. continued. Decree against Nestorius, with Notes. Extracts from the Acts, Session II. St. Celestine’s Letter to the Synod. Continuation of Session II. Session III. The Canons, with the Ancient Epitome, and Notes. Excursus to Canon j., On the Conciliabulum of John of Antioch. Excursus to Canon iv., On Pelagianism. Excursus to Canon vii., On the words πίστιν ἑτέραν A Letter from the Synod to the Synod in Pamphylia. The Letter of the Synod to Pope Celestine. The Definition against the Messalians, with Notes. 295 NPNF (V2-14) Philip Schaff The Decree reEupreprius and Cyril. Historical Introduction. 192 (Bossuet, Def. Cler. Gall., Lib. vij., Cap. ix. et seqq. Abridged. Translation by Allies.) The innovation of Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, is known; how he divided into two the person of Christ.
  • The Early Palaiologan Court (1261-1354)

    The Early Palaiologan Court (1261-1354)

    THE EARLY PALAIOLOGAN COURT (1261-1354) by FROUKE MARIANNE SCHRIJVER A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham September 2012 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The complex phenomena ‘court’ and ‘court society’ have received increasing interest in academic research over recent years. The court of late Byzantium, however, has been overlooked, despite the fact that assumptions have been made about the influence of Byzantine court ceremonial on ceremonies in the late Medieval and Early Modern West and about the imitation of the Byzantine court as an institution in the early Ottoman empire. In the discussion of these influences late Byzantine sources were left untouched, a neglect that underlines the need for a comprehensive study of the court in this period. The aim of the present thesis is to fill a part of this gap in our knowledge through an examination of the core of the court in early Palaiologan Byzantium (1261-1354).