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GENNADEION MONOGRAPHS 111 CHAPTERS ON MEDIAEVAL AND RENAISSANCE VISITORS TO GREEK LANDS BY JAMES MORTON PATON EDITED BY L.A.P. THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 1951 Copyright 1951 By the Trustees of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens Published 1951 All Rights Reserved PRINTED IN TBE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PREFACE FEW words in regard to the contents of this little book are necessary. Its A author, at the time of his death on November 23, 1944, had in preparation an extensive work on the mediaeval history and monuments of Athens, in the manifold sources for which, even after the invaluable studies of Laborde and more recent scholars, he still found a fresh harvest. His researches, carried on principally in the libraries and archives of Paris, Venice, Florence and Rome, were interrupted in 1939 by the European war, and their continuation at the Harvard College Library was somewhat later terminated by his gradually failing health. His work, in spite of its long duration, can scarcely be said to have passed beyond the stage of collecting sources; their synthesis and discussion he had of course postponed until they should have been adequately assembled. He had, however, although Athens remained the center of his interest, almost completed a few sections, forming to a certain extent byways leading from the main path, and he had also prepared the texts of various sources in a form suitable for publi- cation. This material is collected here in the hope that, as he would have desired, it mzy prove of service to future investigators in the same field. His private notes have supplied a basis for the main part of the slight requisite editing, which has chiefly consisted in the completion or addition of footnotes. A lecture on Turkish Athens, though somewhat elementary and delivered many years ago, has been included as a compendium of its subject that may be found convenient. The ac- counts of Athens in Chapter I1 have been hitherto unpublished, or published only in rare or not easily accessible texts, and therefore, with a few additions, are brought together here, even if not annotated or fully collated. It cannot be too strongly emphasized that no one would have insisted more zealously than the writer upon the essentially incomplete condition of the material as a whole - a condition indeed that accounts for the absence or the inequalities in presentation of some important sources among those given below. He would earnestly have desired to express his sincere gratitude to the Bi- bliothcque Nationale in Paris, to the Archivio di Stato and the Biblioteca Marci- ana in Venice, the Biblioteca Laurenziana and the Archivio di Stato in Florence, the Biblioteca Vaticana, and the Harvard College Library for the many courtesies that he received from them in the course of his researches. That once again his work should have been given a place among the Gennadeion Monographs is an honor of which he would have been deeply appreciative. L.A.P. Boston, April, 1947 vii CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE .................... vii ABBREVIATIONS .................. xi CHAPTER I. Turkish Athens .............. 3 CHAPTER11. Descriptions and Brief Noticesof Athens ....... 20 I. Aristarchus ............... 20 11. Ludolf von Suthem (Sudheim) .......... 26 111. Niccolb da Martoni ............. 30 IV. Le Seigneur d’Anglure ............ 36 V. Giovanni Maria Angiolello ........... 38 VI. Itinerarium Maritimum ............ 39 VII. Giovanni Lorenzo d’Anania ........... 40 VIII. Jean Carlier de Pinon and Hans Jacob Breuning von und zu Buo- chenbach ................ 41 IX. Reinhold Lubenau ............. 45 X. Michael Heberer von Bretten .......... 50 XI. Franqois Arnaud .............. 51 XII. Julien Bordier .............. 54 XIII. Gallere di Santo Stefan0 ............ 56 XIV. Louis des Hayes .............. 56 XV. Nicolas du Loir .............. 59 XVI. Bernard Randolph ............. 66 XVII. Antoine des Barres ............. 68 XVIII. Felice Gallo ............... 70 XIX. Giovanni-Battista de Burgo ........... 71 XX. Relatione Marciana ............. 72 XXI. Paul Lucas ..... ......... 73 CHAPTER111. The Tomb of Edward Wyche at Herakleia ....... 76 CHAPTERIV. Rinaldo de La Rue ............. 84 I. The Adventures of La Rue ........... 84 11. Relation de la Murtinique ........... 13s 111. Relatione d’Atene ............. 142 IV. Relatione delle Cose in vicinanza di Atene .......150 CIIAPTERV. A Visit to Athens in 1699 ............ I j j ix X CONTENTS APPENDICES I. Athens As Seen by Travellers under the Acciaioli .....I73 11. Two Directors of the Compagnie du SCnCgal ......178 I. Franeois Franeois ............. 178 2. Jean-Baptiste du Casse ...........= 79 III. The Letters of La Rue ............184 INDEX.................... I97 ILLUSTRATION Funerary Inscription of Edward Wyche ......... 77 ABBREVIATIONS A.J.A. American Journal of Archaeology. Ath. Mitt. Mittheilungen des deutschen archaeologischen Insti- tuts. A t henische A b t heilung . Beregani . N. Beregani, Historia delle Guerre d’Europa dalla comparsa dell’drmi Ottomane nell’Hungheria, Panno 1683. Venice, 1698. Bibl. Nat. Paris, Bibliothkque Nationale. C.r. Acad. Insc. Comptes rendus de I’Acadtmie des Inscriptions et Belles-Let tres. Collignon, Giraud . M. Collignon, Le Consul Jean Giraud et sa Relation de Z’Attique auXVIIe sidcle. Paris, 1913.“Extrait des illthoires de I’Acade‘mie des Inscriptions et Belles- Lettres, XXXIX, 1913.” Relation . “Relation d’Attenes,” C.Y.Acad. Insc., 4: SCrie, XXV, 1897, pp. 59-71. Enc. ital. Enciclopedia italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti. Foscarini . M. Foscarini, Historia della Republica Veneta. Venice, 1696. Garzoni . P. Garzoni, Istoria della Repubblica di Venezia in tempo della Sacra Lege contro Maometto IV. Venice, 1720.4th edition. Laborde . Comte de Laborde, Athbnes aux XFIe, XVle, et XVIIF sikcles. Paris, 1854. Locatelli . A. Locatelli, Racconto historic0 della Veneta Guerra in Levante. Cologne, 1691. Migne, P.L. , . J. P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Patres Latini. Miller . W. Miller, Essays on the Latin Orient. Cambridge, 1921. O.F. Old French. Omont, Athknes . H.Omont, Athdnes au XVIIe sikcle. Paris, 1898. Pernot . Robert de Dreux, Voyage en Turquie et en Grkce, ed. H. Pernot. Paris, 1925. R. arch. Revue archtologique. R. tt. gr. Revue des ttudes grecques. R. Or. Eat. Revue de I’Orient latin. xi xii ABBREVIATIONS Saint-Priest . Comte de Saint-Priest, iMe‘moires sur I’Avzbassade de France en Turquie. Paris, 1877. Publications des langues orientales vivantes, SCrie I, 6. Setton, Catalans . K. 14. Setton, Catalan Domination of Athens, I~II- 1388. Cambridge, Mass., 1948. Stuart . , . James Stuart and Nicholas Revett, Antiquities of Athens. London, I 762-181 5. Vandal . A. Vandal, L’Odysste d’un Ambassadeur. Les Voya- ges du .Marquis de Nointel. Paris, 1900. Wachsmuth . C. Wachsmuth, Die Stadt Athen haAlteythum. Leip zig, I, 1874; 11, 1890. z......Zeitschrift . In the quotations from manuscripts the capitalization, accentuation, and punctuation have usually been modernized, but errors in vocabulary and spell- ing have in general not been corrected; in quotations from books the printed text has been followed in these particulars, though most abbreviations have been ex- panded. h1 E DIAEV AI, AND RENAISSANCE VISITORS TO GREEK LANDS CHAPTER I Turkish Athens' RADITION tells us that in the year 529 of our era an edict of the Emperor T Justinian closed the schools of philosophy at Athens. Be this as it may, there can be no doubt that about this time Athens, whose citizens had found a con- genial substitute for the political conflicts of their ancestors in factional strife over the merits of their favorite lecturers or the qualifications of rival candidates for vacant professorial chairs, ceased to be a university city and sank into the insignificant provincial town which it remained for thirteen hundred years. Al- though during most of this time it can scarcely be said to have a history- in fact I doubt whether a dozen references to contemporary Athens can be found in the six centuries after Justinian, - four episodes stand out as possessing peculiar significance. Each marks a definite break with the past; after each we are confronted by a changed city; its life or at any rate its aspect has been pro- foundly altered, and there is no return to previous conditions. These episodes are the capture of the city by the Franks (the Fourth Crusade) in 1204; the annexation by the Turks in 1456;the Venetian siege in 1687;and the evacuation of the Acropolis by the Turkish garrison, March 31,1833.It is the interval be- tween the second and third of these events, that is, the first period of Turkish rule, that especially concerns us today. Moreover, although Athens during long periods almost disappears from sight, a happy chance has preserved from the years immediately preceding each of the above events contemporary records which enable us to reconstruct, however in- completely, the conditions that were soon to pass away. For Byzantine and Frankish Athens the sources are so meager that the resulting picture is indistinct; but for the two phases of Turkish rule the stream of information flows much more freely and we are further aided by plans and drawings, which, though often de- fective, at least enable us to realize better the changes caused by the brief but disastrous Venetian occupation. No sharp line can be drawn separating Roman from Byzantine Athens. The An illustrated lecture delivered with a few variations before the Classical Association