Students’ Use and Evaluation of College Libraries in Crawford University, Nigeria

1 2 Elizabeth Bukunola Lateef , Akinkunmi Oluseun Omotoso & Bolanle Oluyemisi Fagbola3 The Library, Crawford University,Igbesa, Ogun State,Nigeria1, Nimbe Adedipe Library, Federal University of Agriculture,Abeokuta, Nigeria2, National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria3 [email protected], [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract Purpose: College libraries in universities complement the efforts of main libraries in information provision to students and faculty members. They provide prompt reference opportunity and bring library and information services closer to users. This study assessed the level of usage and users’ assessment of college libraries at the Crawford University, Nigeria. Methodology: The study evaluated the users’ level of satisfaction with the resources and services of the two college libraries in the university. The respondents were undergraduate students at their various levels of study, 100-400 levels. 200 students were randomly selected for the study and corresponding copies of the questionnaire were administered on them to gather data. A total of 194 (87%) responses were received. Findings: The results indicated that the students use their college libraries sparingly; they use the libraries less for references and other academic purposes but more for relaxation in between lectures and to discuss with mates and friends. However, the respondents rate the information resources, services and facilities of the libraries as fair. The study concluded that the resources and services of the college libraries are poorly used and used less for academic purposes. This may not be unconnected with the fair rating of the libraries by the respondents. Implications: The research emphasised that there should be adequate awareness on the benefits of using the college libraries to students as it was discovered that the level of usage was poor. Originality/Value: The study proffered recommendations among which are guided tour of the libraries during the fresh students’ orientation programme; improvement in the user education course of the University, it should made more practical; and motivation of staff of the library in order to make them more pleasant and responsive to users’ services and needs. Keywords: User evaluation; User satisfaction; User study; College libraries; Crawford University, Nigeria

advancement of knowledge. A well-stocked Introduction library helps enhance teaching and research. Arthur, Brafi, and Kuranchie (2013) described Students use the library to augment the academic libraries as high ways to the forest of knowledge garnered in the classroom, faculty intellectual ideas. Libraries serve as the also use it to enhance their teaching and powerhouse for academic activities by carefully research. Adeniran (2011) posited that academic selecting, processing and storing relevant libraries in tertiary institutions serve two information that could be retrieved to meet both complementary purposes. They support academic and leisure demands of all members of universities curricular and research activities of the university community. The primary reason faculty members and students. Furthermore, for establishing libraries in Universities is to Banting et.al (2008) stated that academic support the teaching, learning and research libraries play significant roles towards the activities of their parent organization. The achievement of the goals of tertiary institution. library plays a vital role in assisting the They further stated that academic institutions University to fulfill its basic objectives. By would hardly be able to provide for the making information materials available for use, a academic, intellectual and information needs of well-equipped University library is staff and students without the services of good indispensable for the transmission and libraries. These are because library and

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A college library is meant to bring information information services have been noted as services to the door steps of the users. It is, essential to the accomplishment of researches therefore, expected to enjoy high patronage and successful teaching and learning. especially if it is well equipped and adequately Library of a university initially had the sole staffed. In an academic community, students, responsibility of providing needed services to lecturers and researchers are always the few members of staff and students in the few encouraged to visit the library frequently if established departments. However, with time, materials that can satisfy their information more departments were created and resulting in needs are available and the library staff is user increase in the population of users attended to by friendly. Abubakar (2007) averred that the the main library. Bozimo (1992) describes adequacy of information will normally prompt libraries in tertiary institutions as the a reaction to its use particularly by the nerve/centre of activities that hold the key academia. This will stimulate progress and resources for departments in the teaching and development in the overall system. For learning process. Since the academic effective learning, teaching and research in the departments will have to patronize the main university, the library information resources library for needed information, there is a should be relevant, current and in a variety of tendency towards failing to satisfy users, thus formats such as text books, journals, the need for departmental or faculty libraries. In magazines, indexes and abstracts, a related study, Bassey (2006) reveals that encyclopedia, government publications, dissatisfaction among users of the library is due publications of international organisations, largely to inadequate information resources and theses and dissertations, research and technical services or poor attitude of its staff. With the reports, microforms and electronic databases. growth and development of the university, the Evaluation is a systematic and objective main library is often not in a position to provide assessment of an ongoing or completed project the needed resources and services to users or programme. The aim of evaluation in a adequately and this calls for supplementary library setting is to find out whether or not the efforts or services which departmental libraries objectives of the library are being achieved and are established for. also to know if the information needs of the College or departmental library, according to users are met. Evaluation of library resources Prytherch (2000), is a library in a college or and services is a measure of quality assurance. university which is established apart from the Fidzani, (1998) Quality assurance demands main library, and is restricted to one subject or that, libraries from time to time need to be group of related subjects. College or assessed and evaluated by its users. The users' departmental library is also known as branch satisfaction is considered to be a reliable library, faculty library and laboratory benchmark for determining library collection. Uhegbu (1989) submits that it is a effectiveness. Users' information needs are met special reading room with selected collection in in an effective way by providing standard but the department’s subject groups for the benefit suitable library services that they need. Users' of the students and teaching staff of that assessment can provide invaluable information particular college or department and others who to libraries in re-orienting their collections, wish to make use of the materials on services and activities for effectively meeting permission. This is usually housed in a separate their information needs. Osburn (1992) building outside the main library. The reasons Periodic collection assessment is necessary to for establishing college and departmental determine to what extent library collections are libraries, according to Uhegbu (1989), are: relevant, current and adequate in meeting the general increase in the total population of information needs of users. students admitted; proliferation in the number To determine whether the objectives of the of departments being created; geographical library are met, according to Bassey (2006), the distances between various schools and views, opinions, and perception of the library departments within an institution due to users should be sought. In other words, any expansion; and struggle towards subject library that wants to improve its resources and specialized collection for effective accessibility services must solicit the help of its users to of information. identify areas of weakness in order to improve upon them. On the adequacy of library 68 | P a g e Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology, 9 (2) (2016) 1 2 3 Elizabeth Bukunola Lateef , Akinkunmi Oluseun Omotoso & Bolanle Oluyemisi Fagbola

resources and services, Aguolu and Aguolu academic programmes as well as facilitating (2002) showed that it is the size of a collection, research by members of the University combined with its quality that ensures its community and its immediate neigbourhood. It adequacy. Thus, adequacy of any collection has stocks books, journals, and other relevant both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. materials in all areas of knowledge especially those that are pertinent to the programmes being The extent to which library resources and run in the University. The Library has access to services satisfy the needs of users will online journals, abstracts, and full text online determine how effective and efficient a materials. Crawford University library is made particular library is. For a library to be worth its up of three service points which are the main salt, the resources and services it renders must library and the two college libraries (College of strive to meet and satisfy the needs of its users. Business and Social Science library and College However, user’s perception, which is a way a of Natural and Applied science library. user forms impression of and makes inferences about library resources, services and personnel Statement of the Problem in term of how far they meet their expectation, Following the National Universities Commission should be used to measure library performance. (NUC) policy of bringing library services closer This is because, according to Aina (2004) user to users, faculty (college) libraries were made is critical to the practice of librarianship and mandatory pre-requisite for the accreditation of that all processes revolve round the users. User academic programmes in all Nigerian is a focal point of all libraries or information Universities. Crawford University has two centres since the primary objectives of library’s college libraries attached to the two existing existence is to satisfy its users i.e. provision of colleges in the University. The colleges are excellent services to its users. This is usually College of Natural and applied Sciences the mission statement of libraries. This study (CONAS) and College of Business and Social focused on the use of college libraries in Sciences (CBSS). Although Crawford University Crawford University, Ogun state Nigeria by the main library strives hard to ensure that quality students of the institution. Information are services and facilities are being provided in these elicited from the students on different aspects college libraries, it is not unlikely that users have of the use of library such as on their frequency a different view of what the college libraries of use of the college libraries, reasons for using stands for. In the light of this, there is therefore the college libraries, and their opinion on the the need to carry out a study on the students’ college libraries services and facilities. usage and evaluation of students’ use of the The Study Environment college libraries. Crawford University is located in Igbesa, Ogun state, Nigeria. It is a private University owned Objectives of the study by the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM). It was founded on the 9th of June, 2005 and opened its The specific objectives of the study are to: doors to the first batch of students (all th 1. examine frequency of use of the college undergraduate) on the 30 of September, 2005. libraries; The vision of the University is to be a centre of 2. investigate purpose for using the college excellence, producing graduates with a well- libraries; and balanced education. Its mission is to be an 3. find out the opinion of Crawford international institution of higher learning with University students about their college enviable standards of teaching and research. The library services and facilities. philosophy of the University is to develop Literature Review individuals to the point of self-actualization thereby equipping them intellectually and Simmonds and Andaleeb (2001) described an morally to contribute meaningfully to the academic library as the heart of learning development of Nigeria and by proxy the world community, which provides a place for students at large. and faculty to do their research and advance, their knowledge. In this regard, the librarians Crawford University Library became operational and staff provide numerous services to these immediately the University started. It is a central users, addressing their diverse needs, academic organ with the aim of supporting all characteristics, and interests. They however

69 | P a g e Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology, 9 (2) (2016) Students’ Use and Evaluation of College Libraries in Crawford University, Nigeria observe that with the advent of online catalogue, current population of the main users of the CD-ROMS, online databases, other electronic central library, it means that only about 7.11% of resources, new methods of document library has both academic staff and students can be begun to change. Students according to the accommodated in the Library as against at least writers do not have to be physically present in 25% minimum number of users’ population a the library in order to access the library’s university library is expected to accommodate. resources but can access the resources without In view of the situation, the writers look into the stepping into the library building. They further challenges of setting up faculty libraries in the explain that users can also easily access other university. libraries’ resources, such as online catalogue and Amkpa (2000) affirms that it is a common unrestricted databases. practice in university and other tertiary University libraries by their establishment exist institution to establish branches of the main mainly to support the acquisition of knowledge library in various locations in order to meet by their clientele, through the provision of needs of the community the library serves. The information materials for the purpose of author provides an example of the University of teaching, learning and research. It is however Maiduguri main library known as Ramat library suffice to note as pointed out by Onwubiko and having four other branches namely: Aminu (2005) that university libraries have Kano Law library in faculty of law, Medical progressively shifted from the old view of being library, Education library, Engineering library the custodians of books to that of being the and Agro-vet library. These branch libraries disseminator of information. He further observes according to the writer are sometimes referred to that these libraries are busy information centres, as faculty libraries, school libraries and in fact in packaging information in various formats for the some cases departmental libraries. use of prospective users. In other words a library Ababio et al (2012) concluded that an effective service within the university system is user- and efficient academic library system can centered as facilitated by the provision of significantly contribute to student and other Information Communication Technology (ICT) users’ development in a wider perspective. The facilities in Nigeria. It is therefore not an authors studied the satisfaction level of students overview to note that university libraries have with respect to the available reading materials become important collating and disseminating and the services provided by their library. The centre for information. author adopted survey approach to gather data Ahmad (2005) acknowledges that institution’ obtained from students using the Kumasi library systems, whether centralized or Polytechnic library. Using ordinal logistic decentralized, vary in size and formation, regression the overall service satisfaction model depending on the number of faculties, colleges was specified and 57%, 30.8%, 6.7% and 4.3% or departments in each university. This suggests of the respondents believes that the overall that certain institutions prefer centralization of service quality is good, moderate, excellent and library system which permits only the main poor respectively. Also from the estimated library to be responsible for the availability and model, the overall service quality decreases accessibility of information to the whole when students are less satisfied with the community. Alternatively, however, the individual service components. In general, the decentralized system facilitates autonomy of estimated model suggest that among all the information provision by faculties and variables, availability of current and relevant departments to their respective audiences. materials; adequate user instructions; reliable Obviously, the desire of an academic community internet facilities as well as friendly and helpful is to have easy access to the available library staff are the first four (4) library service information resources which can be effectively segments that highly influenced the students achieved through branch library services. ratings for overall service quality. Bassi, and Jonathan (2008) observe that the Users of academic library have many reasons for present increase in the students population and using the facility. For instance, a study academic staff in Federal University of conducted by Okiy (2000) on students and Technology Yola is generating need for the faculty use of academic libraries in Delta State establishment of faulty libraries in the various University in Nigeria found that respondents schools/faculties. They reveal that with the used books more than other materials. In a

70 | P a g e Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology, 9 (2) (2016) 1 2 3 Elizabeth Bukunola Lateef , Akinkunmi Oluseun Omotoso & Bolanle Oluyemisi Fagbola similar fashion, Ugah (2007) also found out that they wanted in both print and electronic formats textbooks usage account for most reasons for while their previous knowledge of school library library visits. Users of academic library are not use and library instruction programmes limited to the use of its various resources; the positively influenced the undergraduates’ use of need for librarians to encourage and educate library. The study in conclusion recommended users on the effective use of the facility is involvement of the undergraduates in collection eminent. Popoola (2001) observes that development activities of the library, acquisition information availability does not mean of both electronic and print titles, and current accessibility and use, and that academic libraries awareness services on library’s acquisition, should stimulate primary demand for their functions and services. products and services. Mason (2010) also shares Onuoha and Subair (2013) investigated the same opinion and suggests that librarians undergraduates’ use of libraries in federal must be sympathetic and helpful to all students Universities in south west Nigeria. Findings and that students must be aware that librarians reveals that majority of the respondents do visit and faculty members are there to instruct and the library. 53% actually claimed they do so encourage their intellectual odyssey and should between one to five times a week, 19% claimed be seen as facilitators. they visit the library up to six times a week, Oyesiku and Oduwole (2004) studied the use of while only 28% affirmed that they do not visit an academic library. It was discovered that the library. Also, the study identified lack of students use the library more doing examination relevant books as the greatest challenge faced period and also to do assignment. This when using the library. This corroborates Kumar corresponds with Yusuf and Iwu (2010) finding. (2013) finding in a study on the use of library The study also revealed that students complained resources by the students of Indian Institute of about the inadequacy of information materials management (IIM) which also reveals that lack that would meet their information needs. of current and up-to-date information materials Onuoha, Omokoje and Bamidele (2013) on the as the most outstanding problem regarding use other hand find out that most undergraduates of library service. The other problems are lack of who use the library do so mainly to photocopy support from library staff, restricted library library materials and to use the reference hours and inability to find enough information in services. Also, the study showed that a majority the catalogue index. (83.0%) of the respondents were satisfied with Bassi and Jonathan (2008) having established the library services to a little extent. Few the need for faculty libraries highlight the (15.0%) respondents claimed to be satisfied with following challenges the university will have to the library services to a great extent. However, contend with: Raising adequate funds to cater for findings from a study on evaluation of the use massive acquisition of materials for the libraries; library resources and services by the students of Erecting structures for the libraries that can Paul University, Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria accommodate a reasonable number of users and by Nwamnebe, etal (2014) shows that users are the collection; Employing qualified librarians satisfied with the facilities and services provided and other supporting staff to properly manage by their University library. Observation also the libraries to serve users to the optimum period shows that they use the library most during and services; Putting in place effective examination period. management procedure for effective co- Alade, Iyoro and Amusa (2014) employed a ordination of these libraries towards the survey method to explore the library use achievements of the general goal of the characteristics of undergraduates in a Nigerian university; Avoiding wasteful duplication in University; Ondo State University of Science terms of administration staff and and Technology (OSUSTECH). Questionnaires accommodation; Establishing good harmonious were used to gather data from the entire student relationship between the university librarians population, 426 students. 332 undergraduates and the faculty deans. (78%) completed and returned copies of the Evaluation is very essential in any institution for questionnaire. Analysis of the returned organizational effectiveness. These when carried questionnaires revealed that the respondents out, will inform such an institution as to whether make use of the library for few days per week it is progressing or retrogressing. Ogunrombi and only for academic purposes. They consult (2003) remarked that when performance is reference sources and subject textbooks which 71 | P a g e Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology, 9 (2) (2016) Students’ Use and Evaluation of College Libraries in Crawford University, Nigeria measured, performance improves, but when it is library professionals. The results further showed measured and reported, the rate of improvement that there is no significant gap between the accelerates. Evaluations, in the library setting performance evaluation by library professionals entails quantifying performance practice and and library users’ expectations in the level of sometimes compare with output of another satisfaction with the information sources library considered as ideal (Ogbuiyi and Okpe, available between the library professionals and 2013). Evaluating the use of faculty libraries in the respondents from the Department of Chinese the Nigerian University system is one major Studies at the university. The study in concern that must be looked into following its conclusion identified some implications such as emergence in recent times. (Emokinovo and the need to: Provide adequate reference service Ogunrombi, 2012). Sivathaasan (2013) find out to support the academic needs of the university that there is no significant difference between students and faculty in the area of Chinese gender, year of study and subject specialization studies at undergraduate and postgraduate levels; on the use of library facilities. The study also Encourage intensive research at undergraduate revealed that gender and year of study have and postgraduate levels to propel the university negative association with the use of library to be a resource centre and research institute of facilities whereas subject specialization is excellence in Malaysia for Chinese studies. The positively correlated. Mubashir and Adeoti study provided an understanding of how users (2008) posit that the university library performs use the Chinese studies collection as a teaching, the basic functions of provision of information learning and research resource; Support library resources, dissemination of information, policies to achieve the maximum use of library education, teaching and learning. The authors resources in an academic library. The findings believed that it is through these functions that will be useful for the University of Malaya the library can satisfactorily serve the users. The Library to review their library resources, authors considered these as the criteria for services and facilities to effectively meet the measuring quality service. needs of the users. Chia and Edzan (2008) evaluated the users’ level Methodology of satisfaction with the Chinese studies The population of Crawford University, Igbesa, collection at the University of Malaya Library. Ogun state is one thousand two hundred (1200) The respondents were library professionals, students out of which two hundred (200) faculty members, undergraduate and samples were selected using random sampling postgraduate students at the Department of technique across the two colleges of the Chinese Studies, University of Malaya. A total university. Questionnaire was used for data of 135 responses were received with a response collection. Out of the two hundred (200) rate of 77.5%. The results indicated that the questionnaires administered, one hundred and undergraduates of years 2 and 3 and the ninety four (194) copies were properly filled and postgraduates were less satisfied with the returned. The returned questionnaires were collection and services compared with the therefore analyzed using simple percentage. undergraduates of year 1, faculty members and Table 1: Demographic Background of respondents Characteristics Frequency % Gender of Respondents Male 89 45.9 Female 99 51.0 Missing 6 31.1 College of Respondents CBSS 117 60.6 CONAS 76 39.4

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Course of Study Accounting and Finance 29 14.9 Administration and Management 52 26.8 Social Science 26 13.4 Mass Communication 9 4.6 Economics 7 3.6 Biochemistry 17 8.8 Computer science/ICT 23 11.9 Microbiology 13 6.7 Industrial Chemistry 3 1.5 Physics with electronics 7 3.6 Geology 6 3.1 Students’ Level of study 100 level 46 23.7 200 level 48 24.7 300 level 38 19.4 400 level 59 30.4 number of respondents 52(26.8%), followed by Table 1 presents a breakdown of respondents’ accounting, 29(14.9%) while the least is gender, college, course of study and level. Industrial Chemistry 3(1.5%). Most of the Majority of the respondents are female 99 (51%) respondents were in their final year of study as and most from the College of Business and indicated by their level. 59 (30.4%) were in 400 social Science 117 (60.6%). The department of level (final year). management and administration had the highest Table 2: Frequency of use of College Library Suggestions Frequency % Daily 16 8.2 2-3 times a week 46 23.7 Once a week 18 9.3 Occasionally 68 35.1 During examination 7 3.6 Never 34 17.5 Missing 5 2.6 Table 2 shows that 16 (8.2%) respondents use This finding reveals that majority of the the college library daily; 46 (23.7%) use it 2-3 respondents use their college libraries times a week; 18 (9.3%) use the college library occasionally. This contradicts the findings of once a week; 68 (35.1) use it occasionally while Yusuf and Iwu (2010), Onuoha and Subair 7 (3.6%) use it only during examination. 34 (2013). (17.5%) has never use the college library Table 3: Reasons for using the College Library Reasons Frequency Sometimes Rarely Never F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) To solve/write assignment 53 (27.3) 44 (22.7) 66 (34.0) 26 (13.4) To read lecture note 49 (25.3) 33 (17.0) 60 (30.9) 48 (24.7) To consult journal 104 (53.6) 44 (22.7) 31 (16.0) 10 (5.2) To read for examination 55 (28.4) 35 (18.0) 46 (23.7) 52 (26.8) To consult library materials 62 (32. 0) 45 (23.2) 49 (25.3) 34 (17.5) To meet/chat with friends 131 (67.5) 31 (16.0) 20 (10.3) 5 (2.6) To relax and enjoy myself 136 (70.1) 28 (14.4) 15 (7.7) 5 (2.6) the college library. 66 (34.0%) of the Table 3 represents reasons for using the college respondents rarely come to the college library in library. Various reasons were adduced for using

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order to solve/write assignment; 53 (27.3%) come to the library to read for examination. 62 frequently use the library to solve /write their (32.0%) of the respondents frequently consult assignments; 60 (30.9%) of respondents rarely library materials when they come to the college come to the college library to read their lecture library. 49 (25.3%) rarely consult library notes; 49 (25.3%) come to the college library to materials while 45 (23.2%) sometimes consult read their lecture notes while 48 (24.7%) never library materials. Only 34 (17.5%) of the go there to read lecture note. Only 33 (17.0%) respondents never consult library materials when sometimes come to the college library to read they visit the college library. their lecture notes. 104 (53.6%) of the The largest number of the respondents, respondents come the college library to consult 131(67.5%) frequently visit the library to journals. 44 (22.7%) come to the college library meet/chat with friends, 31 (16.0%) sometimes to consult journals while only 31 (16.0%) rarely go to the college library to meet/chat with come to consult journals. 10 (5.2%) never come friends while 20 (10.3%) go to the college to the library to consult journalsread and prepare library to meet/chat with friends. Only 5 (2.6%) for examination never go there to meet/chat with friends Majority 55 (28.4%) of the respondents come to the of the respondents 136 (70.1%) visit the college college library to read and prepare for library only to relax and enjoy themselves, 28 examination. 52 (26.8%) never come to the (14.4%) sometimes go there to relax and enjoy college library to read/prepare for examination themselves. 15 (7.7%) rarely visit the library to while 46 (23.7%) rarely come to the college relax while 5 (2.6%) never go there to relax and library to read for examination. Only 35 (18.0%) enjoy themselves. Table 4: Users’ Opinion on College Library services and Facilities Responses Frequency Percentage Very good 19 9.3 Good 38 19.6 Fair 75 38.7 Poor 36 18.6 Very poor 13 6.7 No opinion 13 6.7 purpose of establishing the college libraries and Table 4 represents respondents’ opinion on it disagrees with Oyesiku and Oduwole (2004) college libraries’ services and facilities. The whose study find out that students use the library largest number of respondents 75 (38.7%) rated more doing examination and also to do Crawford university college libraries as ‘fair’ assignment. while 38 (19.6%) rated the as ‘good’. 36 (18.6%) rated them ‘poor’; only 19 (9.3%) rated them On users’ opinion of college library’s services ‘very good’ while 13 (6.7%) rated them very and facilities, respondents rate the services and poor. This result corroborates Ugah (2007) facilities of Crawford University college findings that reveal that students rate University libraries as ‘fair’. This result corroborates Ugah library services and facilities as fair. (2007) findings that showed that students rate University library services as fair. Discussion of findings Conclusion and Recommendation Findings from this study revealed that majority of Crawford University students use the college Considering the findings of this study, it can be library occasionally. This is at variance with the concluded that college libraries at the Crawford findings of Onuoha and Subair (2013) whose University are poorly used and less on academic study revealed that undergraduates visit the issues. This poor use of the library may not be library one to five times a week. This finding unconnected with the below average rating of also opposed the study of Emokiniovo and the information resources, services and facilities Ogunrombi (2012) which revealed that faculty of the libraries. In the light of this conclusion, libraries are being used maximally. In addition, the following recommendations are made: the study revealed that most Crawford  Aggressive user education, most University students visit the college library to especially through the use of library meet/chat with friends and also to relax and course should be established and the enjoy themselves. This is not the primary

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significance of the college libraries perspectives. International Journal of Library and should be constantly stressed in the Information Science, vol. 3 (10). pp 209-216. class. Ahmad, N. 2005. University library practices in  Library management should ensure that developing countries. London: Rutledge and proper library orientation is put on the Kegan Paul. priority list especially for the first year Aina, L. O. (2004) Library and Information Science students and the availability and Text for Africa. Ibadan: Third World Information importance of the college libraries Services Limited, 2004 pp. 28- 29. should be emphasized during the orientation. Alade, V. A, Iyoro, A. O. and Amusa, O. I. (2014). Library Use Characteristics of Undergraduates in  Guide tour of the college library a Nigerian University of Science and facilities/materials should be organized Technology. International Research: Journal of often. Library & Information Science, Vol.4 (1), pp.  The library management should 15-27. encourage more use of the college Amkpa, S.A. 2000. Students’ use of university of libraries by acquiring current textbooks Maiduguri libraries: an evaluative study. and journals. The college libraries Gateway Library, Vol. 2&3, pp. 70-80. should also be made more sensitive to Banting, G. (2008). Ensuring bright future for the students’ information needs. research libraries: A guide for vice-chancellors  Pleasant and ready to assist personnel and senior institutional managers. Available at www.rin.ac.uk/bright-future-libraries should be deployed to the college libraries in order to foster user-librarian Bassey, B. A.(2006 ) User-Satisfaction with Services interactions. in three Academic Libraries in Cross River State: A Comparative Study. Gateway Library Journal.  The college libraries internal and 9 (2), pp. 23- 24 external environments should be improved upon. It should be made more Bassi, M.D. 2008. The challenges of setting up faculty libraries in Federal University of aesthetically inviting and noiseless as Technology Yola. Borno Library, Archival and much as possible. Information Science Journal, Vol.7(2), pp. 125 –  The collections of the college libraries 131. should integrate both print and Chia, Y.P. and Edzan, N.N. (2008). Evaluating User’s electronic resources. And there should Level of Satisfaction With the Chinese Studies be regular maintenance of electronic Collection Held at an Academic Library. information sources and access facilities Malaysian Journal of Library & Information in the libraries. Science, Vol.13, (2), pp.103-119.  The library orientation programmes Emokiniovo, K.A and Ogunrombi, S.A (2012). being provided to the students should be Evaluating the Use of Faculty Libraries in Nigerian Universities: A Case Study of improved upon. It should be made more University of Benin. Nigerian Libraries, Vol. 45 practical so that the students can acquire (2), pp. 1-7. information literacy skills. Fidzani, B. T., (1998). Information Needs and  Newly acquired information sources, Information Seeking Behaviour of Graduate and services of the college libraries Students at the University of Botswana. Library should be communicated to the student Review, Vol. 47 (7), pp. 329-340. users in other to promote their usage. Kumar, P. (2013). Use of Library Resources by the References Students of Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Rohtak, India. International Journal of Ababio, K. A (2012) Modelling Student’s Library Science and Research (IJLSR). Vol. 3 Satisfaction with library services in a tertiary (1), pp 7-12. institutions: evidence from Kumasi Polytechnic Information and Knowledge Management Vol 2, Mason, Moya K., (2010). Myths Associated With (.6), pp.85-94. Undergraduate Use of Academic Libraries. Available at Adeniran, P. (2011). User satisfaction with academic http://www.moyak.com/papers/academic-library- library services: Academic staff and students’ anxiety.html

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