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Research on the Ionospheric VTEC Changes During Period of Typhoon UTOR

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Research on the Ionospheric VTEC Changes During Period of Typhoon UTOR Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 45(4), APRIL 2016, pp. 482-491 Research on the ionospheric VTEC changes during period of typhoon UTOR 1,2* 3 1 Wang Xinzhi & Yue Dongjie Ke Fuyang 1 School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 Jiangsu, PR China; 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing，Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044 Jiangsu, PR China; 3School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 Jiangsu, PR China. *[E-mail:[email protected]] Received 13 March 2015; revised 14 August 2015 Present article consists the GPS observation data from the IGS stations of pimo and bjfs to invert the VTEC values of the ionosphere, then use the quarterback method to analyze the ionospheric VTEC changes during the period of typhoon UTOR. The results show that: VTEC values of the pimo station increase significantly during the period of UTOR and reach the critical values of upper limit or cause disturbance. VTEC values of the bjfs station change relatively stable and occasionally reach the critical values of the upper and lower limit, but the disturbance should be independent with the typhoon UTOR. [Key words: typhoon,ionospheric,VTEC,disturbance] Introduction processof ionospheric responses to strong Ionosphere is a part of near earth space disturbances in the lower atmosphere, the results environment of human existence and is also showed typhoon could affect the ionosphere2; related to human activities. Researches on The result studied by Liu Yimou showed that f0F2 ionosphere have been an important topic of space of the ionosphere would decreas eduring the time physics and space weather. As an important part of typhoon3; Mao Tian researched the effects of of researches on space weather, ionospheric typhoon "Matsa" on ionospheric Total Electron Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) changes Content (TEC) by the observation data from during the period of typhoon has always been a more than 50 GPS stations and found that the hot research topic of many scholars at home and effects could be fully distinguish4; Yu Tao abroad. Shen Changshou et al used the studied the ionospheric changes during the observations collected in 1969, 1970, 1972 and period of 3 typhoons at Xia men in 2007, the 1973 to study the effects of typhoon on the results indicated that the f0F2 was disturbed, and critical frequency of the F2 region and found that the Es and spread-F occurring rates increase typhoon could influence the f0F2; Xiao Saiguan distinctly during the three typhoons approaching used the ionospheric HF Doppler shift data the station5; The study of Chen Hua which used during the periods of two strong typhoons which 2.5°*2.5° grid TEC data from 25 observation occurred in 1988 and 1990 to reveal the detailed stations of China region provided by the Earth WANG et al: IONOSPHERIC VTEC CHANGES DURING PERIOD OF TYPHOON UTOR 483 System Science Data Sharing Network showed ionospheric conditions according to the different that TEC appeared disturbed during the typhoon effects of GPS signals. In order to improve the activities6; A.S.Polyakova used GPS to study the precision of inversed GPS VTEC, it needs several key ionospheric variation of the areas covered by 6 steps such as cycleslip detection and phase smoothing tropical cyclone in Pacific Northwest from pseudo-range, hardware delay solution and the September to November in 2005, the results ionospheric VTEC calculation. Figure1 shows steps indicated that typhoon could make the of data processing procedure, specific calculation ionospheric TEC disturbed7; Bishop used GPS methods are as follows. occultation data to examine the relationship Rinex GPS Data SP3 files between ionospheric TEC and TCs by investigated more than ten tropical cyclones, the Coordinates of Coordinates of Cycle slip dection results found that significant scintillation on TEC GPS Stations GPS satellites could be recorded within 1200 km of a storm Phase smoothing Coordinates of pseudo-range ionospheric pierce points center8. Coupling between typhoon processes Spherical harmonics model and the ionosphere has also been discussed by Calculate IONEX files verification Single ionospheric model the DCB many other researchers9-13. This paper takes the typhoon UTOR of Ionospheric TEC August, 2013 as the research object, using the GPS data from IGS stations of pimo and bjfs on Ionospheric VTEC 3rd-12th August to inverse the ionospheric VTEC, references the quarterback method which is Fig.1-Flow chart of data processing commonly used to study the seismic ionospheric disturbances before and after earthquakes, Cycleslip of GPS carrier phase observations contrasts and analyzes the same satellites data is an important influence factor of using GPS observed at the same time by the two observation phase data to inverse ionospheric VTEC. stations during the typhoon activity and Therefore , cycleslip detection is one of the key researches the status of ionospheric VTEC problems that must be solved in order to get the variation during the period of typhoon. high precision ionospheric VTEC. This paper adopts the ionosphere residual error method to Materials and Methods detect the cycleslip and then uses non geometric Ionosphere is adispersive medium. When distance phase observation equation and wide electromagnetic waves travel through the ionosphere, lane model simultaneous to repair it14. the speed of the waves will be changed and the Phase smoothing pseudo-range can changed sizes depend on the frequency of effectively improve the precision of ranging code electromagnetic waves and on the TEC between the pseudo-range and the accuracy of phase satellite and the GPS receiver. The GPS signals pseudo-range. Phase smoothing pseudo-range transmitting from satellites to the receivers will pass has good features that its principle is simple, can through the ionosphere, so they must be influenced by effectively suppress the effects of multipath the dispersion effect of ionospheric. GPS signals noise, does not exist ambiguity and easy to contain two kinds of carrier waves: L1 and L2, their implement. So it is used more and more frequency are separately f1=1575.42 MHz and extensive. This paper uses non-divergence right 15 f2=1227.60 MHz. Therefore, we can inverse the Hatch filter to smooth the phase pseudo-range . 484 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 45, NO. 4 APRIL 2016 Differential Code Biases (DCB) are the In Figure 2, triangle points represent bjfs inter-frequency hardware biases16. If the DCB and pimo stations respectively; the solid lines effects are ignored, the distance errors observed means motion paths of the satellites observed by by the receiver maybe a few meters and the the two GPS stations, the satellites are PRN17, inversed VTEC may even become negative17, so PRN04, PRN11, PRN24 and PRN01 respectively when modeling the ionosphere it is necessary to from left to right; the dashed line stands motion estimate them as additional unknowns18. In this path of typhoon UTOR which moves from west paper, spherical harmonic model and single layer to east. ionosphere model are used to estimate and Table1-Information of typhoon UTOR 19 eliminate the DCB effects . Moreover, we Time Longitude Latitude Wind Date choose 4 orders of the spherical harmonic model （UTC） (°) (°) speed and 450km of the height of single layer 2013/08/10 18:00:00 127.1 14.2 105 ionosphere model. 2013/08/11 00:00:00 125.9 14.4 115 We can calculate the ionospheric TEC using single layer ionospheric model (SLM) and the 2013/08/11 06:00:00 124.8 15.0 135 differences of phase smoothing pseudo-range. 2013/08/11 12:00:00 123.8 15.4 150 Then the ionospheric VTEC can be calculated by 2013/08/11 18:00:00 122.2 16.0 140 TEC through the following formula: 2013/08/12 00:00:00 120.8 16.5 110 TEC mf VTEC （1） 2013/08/12 06:00:00 119.2 17.1 100 In formula (1)，mf is the projection function, 2013/08/12 12:00:00 117.9 17.7 100 while height of the single layer ionosphere model 48 o is 450km. N Results and Discussion o 40 N UTOR is the No.11 super typhoon bjfs generated in southwest sea of Guam on 8 August o 2013, the largest wind power of which is 17 level 32 N and the maximum wind speed reaches 150m/s. The wind is so strong that it influences o 24 N Philippines, Hong Kong, Macao, a large areas of Guang xi, Guang dong and Hai nan province, o leads rainstorm, floods, landslides and other 16 N disasters to these areas. This paper chooses the pimo IGS stations of pimo in Philippines and bjfs in o o 28 E 96 E o o o 1 Beijing, China to contrast and analyze the 104 E 112 E 120 E ionospheric variations within the influence areas Fig.2-Stations, satellite and path of typhoon UTOR of the typhoon. Table 2 shows information of typhoon UTOR ( Published by the Weather Underground Organization ); Figure 2 indicates Ionosphere process is primarily driven by motion paths of the typhoon UTOR and solar and geomagnetic activities, in relatively distributions of the pimo and bjfs stations. calm conditions, the ionosphere usually will not WANG et al: IONOSPHERIC VTEC CHANGES DURING PERIOD OF TYPHOON UTOR 485 have too big changes over a period of time20. geomagnetic activities on the ionosphere, we Geomagnetic activities are generally global and collect the Dst index (Released by Tokyo almost at the same time. The Disturbance storm Geomagnetic Observatory) and the Kp index time index (Dst index) is always used to describe (Released by USA tmospheric and Oceanic the magnetic field intensity internationally, Bureau) on August 1st-12th, 2013, which are geomagnetic storm may occur when Dst index is shown in figure 3.
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