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HIRATA KOKUGAKU and the TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon
SPIRITS AND IDENTITY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN JAPAN: HIRATA KOKUGAKU AND THE TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon Fujiwara A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2013 © Gideon Fujiwara, 2013 ABSTRACT While previous research on kokugaku , or nativism, has explained how intellectuals imagined the singular community of Japan, this study sheds light on how posthumous disciples of Hirata Atsutane based in Tsugaru juxtaposed two “countries”—their native Tsugaru and Imperial Japan—as they transitioned from early modern to modern society in the nineteenth century. This new perspective recognizes the multiplicity of community in “Japan,” which encompasses the domain, multiple levels of statehood, and “nation,” as uncovered in recent scholarship. My analysis accentuates the shared concerns of Atsutane and the Tsugaru nativists toward spirits and the spiritual realm, ethnographic studies of commoners, identification with the north, and religious thought and worship. I chronicle the formation of this scholarly community through their correspondence with the head academy in Edo (later Tokyo), and identify their autonomous character. Hirao Rosen conducted ethnography of Tsugaru and the “world” through visiting the northern island of Ezo in 1855, and observing Americans, Europeans, and Qing Chinese stationed there. I show how Rosen engaged in self-orientation and utilized Hirata nativist theory to locate Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of Imperial Japan. Through poetry and prose, leader Tsuruya Ariyo identified Mount Iwaki as a sacred pillar of Tsugaru, and insisted one could experience “enjoyment” from this life and beyond death in the realm of spirits. -
Saran Santas
Santas Saran Santas (see Sandan) Sapas Canaanite Buih, who came, like Aphrodite, from santer North American [Saps.Shapash:=Babylonian Samas: the sea. a fabulous animal =Sumerian Utu] Sar (see Shar) Santeria African a sun-god sara1 Buddhist a god of the Yoruba In some accounts, Sapas is female. an arrow used in rites designed to Santi Hindu Saphon (see Mount Zaphon) ward off evil spirits (see also capa) a goddess Sapling (see Djuskaha.Ioskeha) Sara2 Mesopotamian consort of Tivikrama Saps (see Sapas) a war god, Babylonian and Sumerian Santiago South American Sapta-Loka Hindu son of Inanna, some say a later version of Ilyapa derived from the 7 realms of the universe Sara-mama (see Saramama) the Spanish St James In some versions, the universe has Saracura South American Santoshi Mata Hindu three realms (Tri-Loka). In the version a water-hen a mother-goddess that postulates seven, Sapta-Loka, they When Anatiwa caused the flood, this Sanu1 Afghan are listed as: bird saved the ancestors of the tribes by [Sanru] 1. Bhur-Loka, the earth carrying earth to build up the mountain- a Kafir god 2. Bhuvar-Loka, the home of the sage top on which the survivors stood. father of Sanju in the sky Sarada Devi1 Hindu Sanu2 (see Sanju) 3. Jona-Loka, the home of wife of Ramakrishna Sanugi Japanese Brahma’s children Sarada Devi2 Tibetan a bamboo-cutter 4. Marar-Loka, the home of the saints a Buddhist-Lamaist fertility-goddess He found the tiny Kaguya in the heart 5. Satya-Loka, the home of the gods and goddess of autumn and of a reed and reared her. -
A POPULAR DICTIONARY of Shinto
A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto BRIAN BOCKING Curzon First published by Curzon Press 15 The Quadrant, Richmond Surrey, TW9 1BP This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Copyright © 1995 by Brian Bocking Revised edition 1997 Cover photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten Cover design by Kim Bartko All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-98627-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7007-1051-5 (Print Edition) To Shelagh INTRODUCTION How to use this dictionary A Popular Dictionary of Shintō lists in alphabetical order more than a thousand terms relating to Shintō. Almost all are Japanese terms. The dictionary can be used in the ordinary way if the Shintō term you want to look up is already in Japanese (e.g. kami rather than ‘deity’) and has a main entry in the dictionary. If, as is very likely, the concept or word you want is in English such as ‘pollution’, ‘children’, ‘shrine’, etc., or perhaps a place-name like ‘Kyōto’ or ‘Akita’ which does not have a main entry, then consult the comprehensive Thematic Index of English and Japanese terms at the end of the Dictionary first. -
Religion Or Magic?
Religion or Magic? Some Remarks Concerning Divinatory Practices Mentioned in the Oldest Japanese Literature Nelly NAUMANN (Freiburg i. Br.) One of the most important human concerns has always been to know before- hand what the future would bring, whether a certain project or scheme would prove successful or a failure. If the future was thought to lie in the hands of the gods, the gods had to be asked to reveal it. But there might be yet other mecha- nisms which – if they only were known and could be used – would necessarily lead to the revelation of events to come. The many methods which were (and are) devised and employed everywhere in this world and through all times show how much energy man has devoted to this task. What are these methods? The Encyclopdia of Religion and Ethics (4: 776a, H. J. ROSE) states that divination »may be roughly divided into two kinds: (a) ‘automatic’ divination, in which an omen is looked for and interpreted, so to speak, in its own right, with no thought of appeal to any supernormal power, god, or spirit; and (b) divination proper, in the strict etymological sense of the word, which inquires of some sort of a deity, generally by means of signs con- ceived of as being sent by him.« But »of many cases it is hard to say which category they fall under«, so there are limitations in the use of this division. The proposed dichotomy seems also to be valid for Japan. There are methods to call down the gods and have them speak through the mouth of a human be- ing. -
1 Church and State ( : Ritsuryo Saisei Itchi Kami
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Welcome to TRUSpace | TRUSpace 1 State Shinto and the Use of Shrines in Japanese Colonies By Cary S. Takagaki In the third month of 1868, the newly formed Meiji government announced its intention to return to the ritsuryo system of government that had been in place during the Nara and Heian periods. This was a system that held to the concept of unity between church and state (saisei itchi). Thus, the Jingikan, Office of (Shinto) Deities (often translated as Office of Kami Worship), was revived in that same month as one of seven departments in the Dajokan, the administrative organ of the state, and in an attempt to “purify” the tradition, a policy of separating Buddhism from Shinto (shinbutsu bunri-rei) was adopted.1 However, in July of 1869, the Jingikan was given the highest rank of all government offices, placing it above the Dajokan, and in the following year an Imperial Rescript on the Enshrinement of the Kami was issued, asserting that, along with various Shinto gods, all the emperors of Japan were to be worshiped as kami: Now that the imperial dignity has passed to Us, small and frail of form though we be, we are afraid both night and day that there will be some want in Our performance of the Imperial duties. We thereby enshrine with the Jingikan (The Office of Kami Worship), the kami of Heaven and Earth, together with the eight kami of Kamimusubi-no-kami, Takamimusubi-no-kami, Tamatsu-memusubi-no-kami, Ikumusubi-no-kami, Taramusubi-no-kami, Omiyame-no-kami, Miketsukami and Kotoshironushi-no-kami, and along with them, the souls of all past Emperors. -
O'leary on Bowring, 'In Search of the Way: Thought and Religion in Early-Modern Japan, 1582-1860'
H-Buddhism O'Leary on Bowring, 'In Search of the Way: Thought and Religion in Early-Modern Japan, 1582-1860' Review published on Monday, December 11, 2017 Richard Bowring. In Search of the Way: Thought and Religion in Early-Modern Japan, 1582-1860. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. xiv + 329 pp. $111.55 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-19-879523-0. Reviewed by Joseph S. O'Leary (Professor English Literature, Sophia University, 1988-2015; Roche Chair for Interreligious Research, Nanzan University, 2015-16.)Published on H-Buddhism (December, 2017) Commissioned by Erez Joskovich Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=49178 This masterful account of the intellectual and spiritual life of Edo Period Japan is a sequel to Bowring’s The Religious Traditions of Japan 500-1600 (2005), and no doubt will be followed by a third volume on the period since the Meiji Restoration. Bowring’s writing becomes more engaging as he moves toward modern times, and we may augur that the final volume, when he rejoins his original field of study—seen in Mori Ōgai and the Modernization of Japanese Culture (1979)—will be the most exciting of the three. The very broad cultural and literary horizons from which he approaches his ambitious project are further illustrated in his studies of Lady Murasaki—seeThe Diary of Lady Murasaki (1996)—and his work with Peter Kornicki on The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Japan (1993). The first volume of Bowring’s history covered Buddhism extensively, even giving an account of Chinese Chan as background to the Japanese Zen schools, but in the present volume Buddhism is put on the back burner and is seen mainly through the eyes of its opponents. -
Panthéon Japonais
Liste des divinités et des héros des légendes et de la mythologie japonaises Divinité Kami (m) Kami (f) Esprit Bouddhisme Monstre Animal Humain Acala Déité bouddhique du mikkyo, maître immuable associé au feu et à la colère; il est l'un des cinq rois du savoir. Agyo-zo Dans le bouddhisme japonais, Agyo-zo et Ungyo-zo se tiennent à la porte des édifices pour les protéger. Aizen myo-o Déité du bouddhisme japonais qui purifie les hommes des désirs terrestres et les libère de l'illusion. Il est représenté en rouge vif (passion), avec trois yeux, six bras et un air irritée, Il tient à la main un arc et des flèches ou un crochet. Ajisukitakahikone ou Aji-Shiki ou Kamo no Omikami Kami de l'agriculture, de la foudre et des serpents. Il créa la montagne Moyama dans la province de Mino en piétinant une maison de deuil parce qu'on l'avait pris pour le défunt. Akashagarbha Un des treize bouddhas de l’école tantrique japonaise Shingon Ama no Fuchigoma Cheval mythique de Susanoo qui est décrit dans le Nihon-Shoki . Ama no Kagaseo Autre nom de Amatsu Mikaboshi le kami du mal Ame no Tajikarao Kami des exercices physiques et de la force brutale qui dégagea l'entrée de la grotte où Amatersu s'était réfugiée. Amakuni Forgeron légendaire qui forgea le tachi, l'épée courbe ancêtre de Takana. Ama no Zako Monstrueuse kami née des vomissures de Susanoo Amaterasu Kami du soleil et reine des Hautes Plaines Célestes Amatsu mikaboshi Kami du mal Ame no Oshido Mimi Fils d'Amaterasu qui refusa d'aller gouverner la terre qu'il trouvait trop pleine de cMhaos. -
Encyclopedia of Japanese History
An Encyclopedia of Japanese History compiled by Chris Spackman Copyright Notice Copyright © 2002-2004 Chris Spackman and contributors Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.” Table of Contents Frontmatter........................................................... ......................................5 Abe Family (Mikawa) – Azukizaka, Battle of (1564)..................................11 Baba Family – Buzen Province............................................... ..................37 Chang Tso-lin – Currency............................................... ..........................45 Daido Masashige – Dutch Learning..........................................................75 Echigo Province – Etō Shinpei................................................................ ..78 Feminism – Fuwa Mitsuharu................................................... ..................83 Gamō Hideyuki – Gyoki................................................. ...........................88 Habu Yoshiharu – Hyūga Province............................................... ............99 Ibaraki Castle – Izu Province..................................................................118 Japan Communist Party – Jurakutei Castle............................................135 -
Astronomy of the Afterlife: the Sandaikō Debate and the Establishment of a Kami Cosmology
Astronomy of the Afterlife: The Sandaikō Debate and the Establishment of a Kami Cosmology Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Wimpey, Nathaniel Hunter Citation Wimpey, Nathaniel Hunter. (2021). Astronomy of the Afterlife: The Sandaikō Debate and the Establishment of a Kami Cosmology (Master's thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA). Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 16:26:02 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/660174 ASTRONOMY OF THE AFTERLIFE: THE SANDAIKŌ DEBATE AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A KAMI COSMOLOGY By Nathaniel H. Wimpey Copyright © Nathaniel H. Wimpey A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNVIERSITY OF ARIZONA 2021 3 Acknowledgements This project has been guided and supported by a number of talented and patient teachers, colleagues, friends, and family. I would first like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Takashi Miura, whose knowledge and direction navigating the landscape of pre-modern intellectual and religious thought proved invaluable for both the formation and execution of this project. I would also like to extend thanks to Dr. Joshua Schlachet for his endless patience dealing with a deluge of emails, and for helping me to chart a path through graduate life. -
Food Culture in Japan
Food Culture in Japan MICHAEL ASHKENAZI JEANNE JACOB GREENWOOD PRESS Food Culture in Japan Cartography by Bookcomp, Inc. Food Culture in Japan MICHAEL ASHKENAZI AND JEANNE JACOB Food Culture around the World Ken Albala, Series Editor GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut . London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ashkenazi, Michael. Food culture in Japan / Michael Ashkenazi and Jeanne Jacob. p. cm. — (Food culture around the world, 1545–2638) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–32438–7 (alk. paper) 1. Cookery, Japanese. 2. Food habits—Japan. I. Jacob, Jeanne. II. Title. III. Series. TX724.5.J3A88 2003 394.1Ј0952—dc22 2003049317 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2003 by Michael Ashkenazi and Jeanne Jacob All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2003049317 ISBN: 0–313–32438–7 ISSN: 1545–2638 First published in 2003 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 Illustrations by J. Susan Cole Stone. The publisher has done its best to make sure the instructions and/or recipes in this book are correct. However, users should apply judgment and experience when preparing recipes, especially parents and teachers working with young people. The publisher ac- cepts no responsibility for the outcome of any recipe included in this volume. -
La Creación Del Mundo Japonés: Representaciones Mitológicas Y Literarias En Kojiki
La creación del mundo japonés: representaciones mitológicas y literarias en Kojiki Cora Requena Hidalgo Universidad Complutense de Madrid Resumen: Bajo una naciente concepción centralista del Imperio japonés, el emperador Tenmu, cuyo reinado se extendió de 673 a 686, ordenó a Hieda no Are la recopilación de Kojiki (Crónica de los acontecimientos antiguos). La obra, sin embargo, se publicó sólo décadas más adelante (712) bajo el mandato de la emperatriz Genmei del Período Nara, quien encargó, a su vez, a Ono Yasumaro que escribiera la obra a partir de las recitaciones anteriormente aprendidas de memoria por Hieda no Are. Cabe destacar que, aun cuando Yasumaro escribió Kojiki en chino, éste es el primer intento por transcribir las recitaciones en Yamato kotoba según las aprendiera Hieda no Are. La antología, por lo tanto, tiene una doble importancia dentro de la historia cultural japonesa, puesto que, por un lado, proporciona una idea clara de la necesidad (imperial) de construcción de un pasado en el que sostener un sistema político y cultural presente; y, por otro, da cuenta del nacimiento de la necesidad de escribir este pasado en palabras japonesas. Los acontecimientos relatados en Kojiki abarcan desde la creación y fundación de Yamato hasta la regencia de la emperatriz Suiko (592-628), y se agrupan en tres unidades bien diferenciadas: el primer grupo de historias narra los hechos de los dioses (cosmogonía y teogonía); el segundo refiere los hechos de los nuevos dioses que descienden del altiplano y forman su linaje en la tierra (siempre bajo protección de los dioses originales); el tercer grupo narra la historia y los hechos de los hombres. -
Reception and Commentary of Nihon Shoki, Japan's First Official History
Rewriting the Past: Reception and Commentary of Nihon shoki, Japan’s First Official History Matthieu Anthony James Felt Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2017 © 2017 Matthieu Anthony James Felt All rights reserved ABSTRACT Rewriting the Past: Reception and Commentary of Nihon shoki, Japan’s First Official History Matthieu Anthony James Felt This study traces the diverse interpretations of Japan’s oldest official history, the 720 Nihon shoki, from its earliest scholarly treatment in the ninth century until its enshrinement within the canon of Japanese national literature in the modern period. Elites in the early eighth century produced a number of texts that described the fundamental principles of the world and the contours of the Japanese empire, such as Kojiki (712), Kaifūsō (751), Man’yōshū (late 8th c.), and as the official court narrative, Nihon shoki. While each of these possesses its own “imperial imagination,” Nihon shoki is distinct because it heavily incorporates historical polities across Northeast Asia, especially on the Korean peninsula, in creating a narrative of ancient Japan in the world. Further, Nihon shoki, while written primarily in Literary Sinitic, also includes elements of the Japanese vernacular, and rather than delineating a single orthodox narrative, provides a number of alternative, conflicting accounts of Japanese mythology. These characteristics animated much of the debate surrounding the text’s proper reading and meaning as later commentators grappled with its exegesis. The dissertation comprises an introduction and five chapters. The first chapter analyzes the discourse surrounding the Nihon shoki in the eighth and ninth centuries, when lectures were periodically given on the text at court.