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Lands for Returned Soldier Settlement Near Fort St

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Lands for Returned Soldier Settlement Near Fort St PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS REPORT ON THE SUBDIVISION OF CERTAIN LANDS FOR RETURNED SOLDIER SETTLEMENT NEAR FORT ST. JAMES, STUART LAKE, COAST DISTRICT RANGE FIVE By J. H. GRAY, B.C. L.S. PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C.: Printed by WILLIAM H. CULLIX, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1919. FOREWORD. By Order in Council dated August 9th, 1918, certain lands in the Stuart Lake and Stuart River Valleys were reserved for soldier-settlement purposes. A large amount of the land included in this reserve was formerly held under applications lo purchase and surveyed as such into blocks of 640 acres each. During the summer of 1918 Mr. J. H. Graj', B.C.L.S., was emploj^ed in charge of a party on the sub­ division of these lots into areas of approximately 160 aci*es each. The following is Mr. Gray's general report on the area covered by this work. T. D. PATTULLO, Minister of Lands. Victoria, B.C., January, 1919. Report on the Subdivision of certain Lands for Returned Soldier Settlement near Fort St. James, Stuart Lake, Range 5, Coast District. • SITUATION AND EXTENT. The tract subdivided this season and examined in detail consists in all of 61,359 acres' . situated upon either side of Stuart River, directly south and east of Fort St. James, at east end of Stuart Lake. THREE GROUPS. This entire area, on account of location aud physical variety has been divided into three groups—viz., A, B, and C—to which reference shall be made. Group A.—This group comprises forty-six originally surveyed lots or parcels of land, aggregating 22,917 acres, situated on the west or right bank of the Stuart River, directly south of Stuart Lake, having a river-frontage of nearly ten miles, with a general depth, southerly, of five miles. Group B.—Group B comprises fifty-two original lots, aggregating 28,539 acres, occupying an 'area some seven miles square, north and east of Fort St. James, at the east end of Stuart Lake. Group C.—Group C includes fifteen original lots, containing 9,220 acres, lying to the south­ east of Fort St. James, in the valley of Necoslie River, which flows north-westerly into Stuart River, where the latter leaves that lake. TOTAL AREA OE SUBDIVISION, 61,389 ACRES. 'Relative Situation and Sketch-plan (A, Yellow; B, Green: C, Red).—These three groups, aggregating 61,389 acres, are,, distinctively coloured yellow, green, and red upon the small-scale map accompanying this report, and through which their relative positions and separating causes may be ascertained. GROUP A. Comparison with, other Groups.—Group A (22,917 acres) of the land so far subdivided includes more generally and to a greater extent than the other two groups areas possessing the requisite and attractive conditions inviting to settlement—viz., the best of soil, light clearing, with a percentage of open land, regular surface, and, with the exceptions noted, good water- supply ; moreover, a fairly good wagon-road connection already established with railway communication. Classification.—The total, 22,917 acres, contained on Group A has been divided as follows:— Acres. First-class land 19,377 Second-class land 2,080 Third-class land 900 Muskeg land 500 The land on the area specified "first-class" consists of a light and dark chocolate-coloured loam, extremely consistent as to grade, irrespective of tree-growth, throughout the whole tract. First-class Lands, 19,377 Acres.—This soil is very fine in textfire, thereby containing capillary moisture to a maximum extent. In August last it was necessary to only kick up an inch or so of soil to find dampness. It would appear that the soil deepens in colour and possibly becomes more " clayey " upon the Stuart bank, but at no point we're found churnings or lumps, resulting from vehicular traffic that might not be easily pulverized in one hand. This land is entirely free from stones or rock, and excepting the steep sides of the trough of Todd Creek, about 60 feet deep, and a few lateral gullies, there is nothing to prevent, but the standing timber, the whole area from being ploughed. M 6 LANDS FOR RETURNED SOLDIER SETTLEMENT 1919 The overlying leaf-mould or humus varies from 2 inches to y2 inch in depth, dependent upon tree-growth. Poplar creates the greatest thickness, decreasing to but a thin- covering where solely evergreen timber prevails. In the same way the natural covering of wild grasses, vetches, and berry-bushes, for the most part luxuriant amongst poplar, diminishes in extent in proportion to the greater or sole evergreen growth, but, as before stated, the excellent charactei of the land or soil remains unchanged. Second-class Land, 2,080 Acres.—Under the heading of " Second-class Land" is soil generally a lighter quality of loam, intermixed with a varying percentage of gravel and boulders, the latter on the higher elevations or tops of local ridges. These areas, although cultivable, would not at the present time be sought, nor attract attention, except as possible cattle-runs, whenever the more attractive areas become " fenced in." This indifferent land is found on the westerly boundary of group, from Lot 1646 south to Lot 1605. Third-class Land.—The third-class area (960 acres) may be eliminated entirely from any sphere of utility, beyond a possible supply of building-timber. Otherwise this is an. area of useless land, occupying practically the whole of Lot 1648 and. centre of Lot 1649. Merchantable timber comprising fir, spruce, and pine is found here; the whole aggregating a supply of some 7,000,000 feet, which, although possibly a useful adjunct to near-by settlement, could not compare with other sources of similar supply, approximate generally to the settlement area. Muskegs are scattered.—An area of 500 acres of this class of land is to be found in Group A, about 70 per cent, of which is open. Pending more data as to the feasibility and cost of drainage, these have been classed as " lost lands " at the present time. Unlike, other classifications, muskeg is by no means isolated, but occurs at various intervals ranging in extent from 2 to 40 acres. Their position and extent in relation to each quarter- section may be learned from the detail reports. CLEARING, GROUP A—FIRST-CLASSV LAND, $21 PER ACRE (AVERAGE COST). The following remarks in respect to clearing relates to the area of first-class land only, some 19,377 acres. An attempt has been made to estimate the cost of preparing the surface for rough-ploughing in the various degrees of tree-growth. This cost ranges from the minimum in open poplar through changing percentages of this timber with spruce and pine and willow, to a maximum in sole evergreen growth. Useful Timber eliminated.—In the figures of estimated clearing cost of the first-class land area there has been eliminated some groves of "building" spruce and pine, having a diameter of from 12 to 14 inches and aggregating about 500 acres in extent. This has been done in the belief that the .value of such timber is greater than the cost of removal, which removal under ordinary circumstances would be brought about only by degrees, as requisitioned for useful purposes. The enclosure of this class of timber under the head of ordinary clearing, where the material to be removed is valueless except possibly for fencing, would tend to mislead. Clearing Cost under $21 per Acre.—It has been adjudged that with this elimination the maximum cost of ordinary clearing would not exceed $30 per acre, nor again cost less than $10, and hence is estimated the following:— 1,000 acres costing $30 00 6,641 acres costing 25 00 - 6,368 acres costing 20 00 4,151 acres costing 15 00 717 acres costing 10 00 18,887 acres averaging • $20 81 per ac. Relating to the above figures, I beg to repeat here what was written in my sub-report of August 18th last:— " Before concluding, a word on the subject of clearing cost. In body of report are quoted figures of cost in relation to various localities. " I recognize the risk in stating a price, especially in the absence of any practical experience. It might be explained, however, that what has been quoted is an endeavour to 9 GEO. 5 NEAR FORT ST. JAMES, STUART LAKE. M 7 obtain an average rate over the whole parcel dealt with, unless otherwise specified. This would greatly vary in accordance with the manner hi which the work was executed. I have tried to base my estimate of cost upon operations as usually followed by the ordinary settler—viz., of cleaning up the open and easier patches of land at his disposal and permit time to work upon his heavier woods (supposedly already slashed or killed). " Should it be determined to clean up, say* 50 square acres forthwith, the cost would certainly exceed my figures. Again, if ' straight-ahead ' clearing were to be organized and prosecuted upon a community and large scale, I am of the opinion that they would be largely reduced." There shall be found many quarter-sections: in which, by following the stretches of more or less expansive open land or light tree-growth, it would be possible to clean up acreage under the minimum cost stated, and in many cases practically without. NATURAL WATER-SUPPLY. Owing to the low altitude of the flanking ridge on the south (the watershed between this and the Nechako Valley), streams are infrequent, the water-supply here being confined prac­ tically to Todd Creek, which, after receiving Rabbit Creek, its principal feeder, some two miles within the tract, flows northerly, parallel to the Stuart River, but in the opposite direction, in a trough some 60 feet deep.
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