DOCSLIB.ORG

2002/03 Preliminary Assessment of Stuart Watershed White Sturgeon (Acipenser Transmontanus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2002/03 Preliminary Assessment of Stuart Watershed White Sturgeon (Acipenser Transmontanus 2002/03 Preliminary Assessment of Stuart Watershed White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Prepared by the Carrier Sekani Tribal Council 2ndFloor, 1460 Sixth Ave. Prince George, B.C. V2L 3N2 June 2003 Prepared For The NEC~iW~ WHITESTURGEON .,. RECOVERY INITIATIVE - - 2002/03 Preliminary Assessment of Stuart Watershed White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Prepared For The NEC~~~~ WHITESTURGEON RECOVERY INITIATIVE cIa Don Cadden, R.P.8io., Chair, NWSRI Recovery Team Section Head, Fish &Wildlife Science & Allocation Environmental Stewardship Division Ministry of Water, land & Air Protection 405118-th Ave. Prince George BC, V2N 183 Prepared by the Carrier Sekani Tribal Council 2ndFloor, 1460 Sixth Ave. Prince George, B.C. V2L 3N2 Brian M.Toth, R.P.Bio.1and Jason A. Yarmish2 1 Carrier Sekani Tribal Council, 2ndFloor, 1460 Sixth Ave., Prince George, B.C., V2L 3N2 2 Lheidli T'enneh Band, Natural Resource Office, #105 2288 Old Cariboo Hwy., V2N 6G3 - ---- Carrier Sekani TribalCouncil Nechako White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative Habitat Conservation Trust Fund Acknowledaements The 2002/03 Preliminary Assessment of Stuart Watershed White Sturgeon was a culmination of the efforts of numerous persons. Dennis Ableson, former CSTC Fisheries Program Biologist, provided the initial impetus for initiating this undertaking. Golder Associates Ltd. completed a multi-year study design for the program and provided overall scientific direction to the activities undertaken in 2002/03, including field staff training and reviewing drafts of this report. Members of the Recovery Team of the Nechako White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative provided recommendations as to the format of the study as well as providing funding for the initiative through the Habitat Conservation Trust Fund (HCTF). The Carrier Sekani Tribal Council provided funding for the project and administered funds received from the Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection (MoWLAP) through the (HCTF). Marcel Shepert (CSTC) coordinated CSTC staff management and financial administrative functions. Don Cadden (MoWLAP) coordinated overall project administration and direction. Barry Huber (DFO) facilitated the use CSTC's Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy Funding for training related to this project. Jason Yarmish (Lheidli T'enneh), Corey Stefura (Golder), (Golder), James (Jaco) Prince (CSTC) and Albert Raphael (CSTC) conducted all field sampling. The Lheidli T'enneh Band provided the services of fisheries biologist Jason Yarmish and the use of a jet boat and sturgeon sampling gear. The efforts of all persons that contributed to the initiation of the first year of this undertaking are greatly appreciated. 2002/03 Preliminary Assessment of Stuart Watershed White Sturgeon Page. i --- --- Carrier Sekani TribalCouncil Nechako White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative Habitat Conservation Trust Fund Item pg. Acknowledgements . i List of Tables.......................................................................................... iii List of Figures........................................................................................ iii List of Appendices.................................................................................. iii Executive Summarv .... 1 Introduction and Background................................................................... 2 Study Area .................... 2 Background ... 3 Purpose .. 4 Methodology . 5 Angling ... 6 Setli ne. .. .. .. .. 6 Setline Deployment and Retrieval; Stuart River........................................... 7 Setline Deployment and Retrieval; Stuart Lake........................................... 7 Sturgeon Handling and External Data Collection......................................... 8 Internal Examinations and Tag Implantation............................................... 10 Tracking of Tagged Sturgeon ..... 10 Aging Analysis....................................................................................... 12 Results .... 12 Stuart River Sampling Summary ........... 12 Stuart Lake Sampling Summary ...... 13 Captured Sturgeon. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 13 Catch Per Unit Effort ....... 15 By-Catch . 15 Acoustic Telemetry on Stuart Lake ........... 16 October 15 -17 Acoustic Telemetrv Session.......................................... 16 November 4 - 5 Acoustic Telemetrv Session.......................................... 16 Discussion and Conclusions ...... 17 2002 Sampling Results ....... 17 Factors affecting CPUE; Stuart River..................................................... 18 Factors affecting CPUE: Stuart Lake...................................................... 19 Recapture Information ... ... ....... 20 Anecdotal and Historical Information ......................................................... 22 Acoustic Tracking.. ....... 23 Recommendations .. 23 References Cited ...... 25 2002/03 Preliminary Assessment of Stuart Watershed White Sturgeon Page. ii Carrier Sekani TribalCouncil Nechako White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative Habitat Conservation Trust Fund List of Tables No. Title Pg. 1 External measurements taken from each captured sturgeon sampled in 2002, 9 and the specific techniques for taking measurements. 2 Description of "Sexual Maturity Codes" utilized to classify the status of gonad 11 development, as applied to sturgeon sampled within the Stuart study area in 2002. 3 General information regarding sturgeon captured in the Stuart River and Stuart 14 Lake in 2002. 4 Summary of sampling effort and respective CPUE within the 2002 Stuart 15 watershed program. 5 Summary of incidental species captured. 15 6 Comparative statistics for the 3 sturgeon recaptured in 2002 which possessed 21 identifying tags. List of Figures No. Title Pg. 1 11x17 map of Stuart Basin (Takla Lake to Nechako) btw. 2-3 2 e-size plot of Stuart Lake and Stuart River with sampling and capture location btw. information 18-19 3 Maximum detectable range of the CART tags with a fixed gain of 75 on the App.5 Lotek receiver and over a range of water depths. pg. 2 4 Maximum distance to code out CART tag through range of "Gains" and App.5 depths pg. 3 btw.- between,App.- appendix List of Appendices N~ T~~ 1 Data forms utilized for recording all sampling information in 2002. 2 Data forms relating to Stuart River sampling in 2002. 3 Data forms relating to Stuart Lake sampling in 2002. 4 Summary of information relating to sturgeon captured in 2002 and associated by-catch of other species. 5 Report on trials related to CART tag/acoustic signal detection over a range of depths and distances from hydrophone and receiver. 2002/03 Preliminary Assessment of Stuart Watershed White Sturgeon Page. iii -- - Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Nechako White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative Habitat Conservation Trust Fund Executive SUmmary Funding to conduct this assessment of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) within the Stuart River watershed was provided by the Habitat Conservation Trust Fund through the Nechako River White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative (NWSRI) and the Carrier Sekani Tribal Council (CSTC). Field sampling was initiated the 3rd of September and involved the application of sampling methodologies analogous to those applied in similar assessment work in other portions of the Fraser and Columbia watersheds in the last decade. Sampling was carried out in the Stuart River from several kilometers below the Mandala~ Creek confluence to the river's outlet from Stuart Lake during September 3rd_11t and 29th_30th. Sampling within Stuart Lake was conducted utilizing a systematic approach of setline application from September 10th-28thfrom Fort St. James to the Tachie River, focusing on the western half of the lake. The two gear types deployed in the Stuart River included angling and setlines. In Stuart Lake, setlines were the only method of sampling utilized. Baits utilized included sockeye, kokanee, and pickled squid. Sampling was based on the study design developed on behalf of the CSTC by RL&L Environmental (now Golder Associates Ltd.). The primary objective of the 2002 study was to sample the greatest range of habitats possible, documenting juvenile and adult sturgeon usage of these areas, collecting basic morphological and sexual development information, and deploying tags that emit radio and/or acoustic signals to fish of appropriate characteristics to allow their future tracking. This work was conducted as portion of the recovery efforts identified for pursuit by the Recovery Team of the NWSRI. Information relating to the linkage and relationship of white sturgeon within the Stuart and Nechako systems is considered potentially fundamental to the direction of recovery efforts being developed for the Nechako white sturgeon stock. Sampling efforts on the Stuart River included 16 hours of angling and 38 setline sets amounting to 12,356.1 hook-hours of setline effort. Effort in Stuart Lake included a total of 58 setline sets that totalled 28,394.3 hook-hours of setline effort. A total of six sturgeon were captured during the course of setline sampling; two in the Stuart River {Total Length (TL) 167cm and 213cm} and 4 in Stuart Lake (TL 157-273cm). Both fish captured in the Stuart River had been previously captured during sampling carried out between 1995 and 1999 on the Nechako River. As well, 2 of the 4 sturgeon captured in Stuart Lake were also recaptures from the same program. Sturgeon were sampled for all external morphological parameters, tagged with FLOY and Pit tags, four were examined internally to assess sex/maturity status and implanted with tags emitting radio
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Aboriginal Interests & Use Study On
    Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Aboriginal Interests & Use Study on the Enbridge Gateway Pipeline An Assessment of the Impacts of the Proposed Enbridge Gateway Pipeline on the Carrier Sekani First Nations May 2006 Carrier Sekani Tribal Council i Aboriginal Interests & Use Study on the Proposed Gateway Pipeline ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Aboriginal Interests & Use Study was carried out under the direction of, and by many members of the Carrier Sekani First Nations. This work was possible because of the many people who have over the years established the written records of the history, territories, and governance of the Carrier Sekani. Without this foundation, this study would have been difficult if not impossible. This study involved many community members in various capacities including: Community Coordinators/Liaisons Ryan Tibbetts, Burns Lake Band Bev Ketlo, Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Sara Sam, Nak’azdli First Nation Rosa McIntosh, Saik’uz First Nation Bev Bird & Ron Winser, Tl’azt’en Nation Michael Teegee & Terry Teegee, Takla Lake First Nation Viola Turner, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Elders, Trapline & Keyoh Holders Interviewed Dick A’huille, Nak’azdli First Nation Moise and Mary Antwoine, Saik’uz First Nation George George, Sr. Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Rita George, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Patrick Isaac, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Peter John, Burns Lake Band Alma Larson, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Betsy and Carl Leon, Nak’azdli First Nation Bernadette McQuarry, Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Aileen Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Donald Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Guy Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Vince Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Kenny Sam, Burns Lake Band Lillian Sam, Nak’azdli First Nation Ruth Tibbetts, Burns Lake Band Ryan Tibbetts, Burns Lake Band Joseph Tom, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Translation services provided by Lillian Morris, Wet’suwet’en First Nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort St. James Guide
    Table of Contents Welcome Message ................... 3 Parks ............................... 10 Getting Here ........................ 6 Seasonal Activities ................... 11 Getting Around Town ................. 7 Remote Wildlife Experiences. 14 Unique to Fort St. James .............. 8 Trails ............................... 18 History ............................. 24 2 Welcome Message On the scenic shore of beautiful Stuart Lake is a community both historic and resourceful! Fort St. James offers an abundance of year-round recreational activities including hunting, fishing, trails for biking, hiking, motor sports, water sports, marina, and snow and ice sports. Established by Simon Fraser in 1806, the Fort St. James area is rich with historical significance. The geographically close communities of Fort St. James, Nak’azdli, Tl’azt’en and Yekooche First Nations played an integral role in developing the north. Beginning with the fur trade and building strong economies on forestry, mining, energy and tourism; Fort St. James is a resourceful place! It is also independent business friendly, providing resources and supports Fort St. James provides a safe and healthy community for entrepreneurs even being formally for families and gainful employment opportunities. recognized with a provincial “open for A College of New Caledonia campus, accompanied business” award. by three elementary schools and a high school keeps Fort St. James is a service centre for rural our innovative community engaged and educated. communities offering stores, restaurants, In addition to education, health is a priority with banking, accommodations and government our Stuart Lake Hospital and Medical Clinic and offices. Uniquely this town boasts an array of community hall for recreation. volunteer-driven organizations and services Whether you visit for the history or stay for the including a ski hill, golf course, theatre and resources, Fort St.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Legal Traditions and the Future Of..., 29 J
    Indigenous Legal Traditions and the Future of..., 29 J. Env. L. & Prac. 227 29 J. Env. L. & Prac. 227 Journal of Environmental Law and Practice 2016 Article Indigenous Legal Traditions and the Future of Environmental Governance in Canada Jessica Clogg, Hannah Askew, Eugene Kung, Gavin Smith a1 Copyright © 2016 by Thomson Reuters Canada Limited.; Jessica Clogg, Hannah Askew, Eugene Kung, Gavin Smith This paper provides an introduction to sources of Indigenous law and the theoretical underpinnings of Indigenous law-based approaches to contemporary environmental management in Canada. It then explores three case studies of Indigenous peoples that have used approaches grounded in their ancestral legal traditions to confront contemporary threats to their lands and waters. These case studies highlight how the Gitanyow Hereditary Chiefs, the Tsleil-Waututh Nation and the Yinka Dene Alliance have effectively drawn on and enforced their own laws in order to address challenges to the integrity of their respective territories from resource development. Finally, the paper comments on the significance of this revitalization of Indigenous legal traditions and their application to contemporary environmental problems in light of federal environmental deregulation. It posits that the current revitalization of Indigenous legal traditions should be of interest to anyone concerned with the question of environmental governance in Canada today. Dans cet article, les auteurs retracent les sources du droit autochtone et les bases théoriques des approches fondées sur le droit autochtone de la gestion environnementale contemporaine au Canada. Ils explorent ensuite trois situations où des peuples autochtones ont eu recours à des approches reposant sur leurs traditions juridiques ancestrales pour confronter des menaces contemporaines à leurs terres et eaux.
    [Show full text]
  • Stuart River Provincial Park 2016 Vegetation Monitoring Summary
    Stuart River Provincial Park 2016 Vegetation Monitoring Summary Prepared for: Society of Ecosystem Restoration in North Central BC 1560 Highway 16 E, Vanderhoof, BC ,V0J 3A0 Submitted by: Ecofor Consulting Ltd. 140 Stuart Dr W. Fort St James, BC V0J 1P0 Canada Phone: 250-996-2151 Ecofor Contact: Mark Pokorski Date: 3 March 2017 SERNbc – Stuart River Provincial Park 2016 Vegetation Monitoring Summary DOCUMENT INFORMATION Project Number: 2016-2083-001 File Number: Filename: 2016_SERNbc_SRPP_Summary.docx Document Revision: 0 REVISION HISTORY Reviewed Approved Rev.# Date of Issue Description By By 0 2017-03-03 CG MP Initial release 2016_SERNbc_SRPP_Summary.docx ecofor.ca Page ii Template Version: 10 SERNbc – Stuart River Provincial Park 2016 Vegetation Monitoring Summary TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 METHODS .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 PLOT SELECTION
    [Show full text]
  • Sturgeon History
    Sturgeon Calendar Sturgeon History UNEL’TSOO’S LIFE 1920s: Unel’tsoo, the oldest sturgeon that has been caught GEOGRAPHICAL TIME by the NWSRI, hatched when the Rightly called a pre-historic species, white sturgeon ancestors lived Nechako River flowed naturally. during the time of the dinosaurs, 170-245 million years ago! Physically, 1940s: Sturgeon were caught not much has changed. Their large, flat cartilaginous body covered and sold for food in stores in in sharp bony plates are features that developed a time long ago. Vanderhoof and Prince George. During the last ice age 50,000-10,000 years ago British Columbia was covered People also fished for sturgeon in ice a kilometre deep. When the ice receded it created new waterways all the way until the 1970s. across North America. Dakelh Elders tell the story of when the river flowed Unelt’soo eluded the anglers. backwards - when the Stuart River flowed north instead of south into the 1952: Kenney Dam was built on Nechako River as it does today. These kinds of ancient water connections the Nechako River. It changed and pathways allowed fish species to move great distances between the hydrology* of the river. continents and over mountains. The white sturgeon likely made their way to Unelt’soo survived the flow the Nechako River from the Upper Columbia River over 10,000 years ago. changes in the river. *study of the movement of water DISTRIBUTION > CLICK FOR THE NECHAKO WATERSHED MAP 1960s: Unelt’soo finally reached Globally, sturgeon are found circum-polar in the northern hemisphere. White maturity, however it is likely that sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) very few of Unel’tsoo’s eggs and live on the west coast of North larvae did not survive after 1967, America, and the Nechako white when researchers realized that sturgeon - a unique group within young fish were not surviving.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Rivers: Central British Columbia
    Indian and Affaires indiennes Northern Affairs et du Nord Wild Rivers: Parks Canada Pares Canada Central British Columbia Published by Parks Canada under authority of the Hon. J. Hugh Faulkner, Minister of Indian and Northern Affairs, Ottawa, 1978 QS-7064-000-EE-A1 Les releves de la serie «Les rivieres sauvages» sont egalement publies en francais. Canada Canada metric metrique Metric Commission Canada has granted use of the National Symbol for Metric Conversion. Wild Rivers: Central British Columbia Wild Rivers Survey Parks Canada ARC Branch Planning Division Ottawa, 1978 2 Cariboo and Quesnel rivers: Ishpa Moun­ tain from Sandy Lake 3 'It is difficult to find in life any event and water, taken in the abstract, fail as which so effectually condenses intense completely to convey any idea of their nervous sensation into the shortest fierce embracings in the throes of a possible space of time as does the rapid as the fire burning quietly in a work of shooting, or running an im­ drawing-room fireplace fails to convey mense rapid. There is no toil, no heart the idea of a house wrapped and breaking labour about it, but as much sheeted in flames." coolness, dexterity, and skill as man can throw into the work of hand, eye Sir William Francis Butler (1872) and head; knowledge of when to strike and how to do it; knowledge of water and rock, and of the one hundred com­ binations which rock and water can assume — for these two things, rock 4 ©Minister of Supply and Services Now available in the Wild River Metric symbols used in this book Canada 1978 series: mm — millimetre(s) Available by mail from Printing and Alberta m — metre(s) Publishing, Supply and Services Central British Columbia km — kilometre(s) Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0S9, or through James Bay/Hudson Bay km/h - kilometres per hour your bookseller.
    [Show full text]
  • Duncan Lake): a Draft Report
    Tse Keh Nay Traditional and Contemporary Use and Occupation at Amazay (Duncan Lake): A Draft Report Amazay Lake Photo by Patrice Halley Draft Submission to the Kemess North Joint Review Panel May, 2007 Report Prepared By: Loraine Littlefield Linda Dorricott Deidre Cullon With Contributions By: Jessica Place Pam Tobin On Behalf of the Tse Keh Nay ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was written under the direction of the Tse Keh Nay leaders. The authors would like to thank Grand Chief Gordon Pierre and Chief Johnny Pierre of the Tsay Keh Dene First Nation; Chief John Allen French of the Takla Lake First Nation and Chief Donny Van Somer of the Kwadacha First Nation for their support and guidance throughout this project. The authors are particularly indebted to the advisors for this report who took the time to meet with us on very short notice and who generously shared with us their knowledge of Tse Keh Nay history, land and culture. We hope that this report accurately reflects this knowledge. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Grand Chief Gordon Pierre, Ray Izony, Bill Poole, Trevor Tomah, Jean Isaac, Robert Tomah, Chief John Allen French, Josephine West, Frank Williams, Cecilia Williams, Lillian Johnny, Hilda George and Fred Patrick. We would also like to thank the staff at the Prince George band and treaty offices for assembling and providing us with the documents, reports, maps and other materials that were used in this report. J.P. Laplante, Michelle Lochhead, Karl Sturmanis, Kathaleigh George, and Henry Joseph all provided valuable assistance and support to the project.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling Spatial and Temporal Variability of Hydrologic Impacts of Climate Change in the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, Canada
    HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES Hydrol. Process. (2012) Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/hyp.9283 Modelling spatial and temporal variability of hydrologic impacts of climate change in the Fraser River basin, British Columbia, Canada Rajesh R. Shrestha,* Markus A. Schnorbus, Arelia T. Werner and Anne J. Berland Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University House 1, PO Box 3060 Stn CSC, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3R4 Abstract: This paper presents a modelling study on the spatial and temporal variability of climate-induced hydrologic changes in the Fraser River basin, British Columbia, Canada. This large basin presents a unique modelling case due to its physiographic heterogeneity and the potentially large implications of changes to its hydrologic regime. The macro-scale Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model was employed to simulate 30-year baseline (1970s) and future (2050s) hydrologic regimes based on climate forcings derived from eight global climate models (GCMs) runs under three emissions scenarios (B1, A1B and A2). Bias Corrected Spatial Disaggregation was used to statistically downscale GCM outputs to the resolution of the VIC model (1/16). The modelled future scenarios for the 11 sub-basins and three regions (eastern mountains, central plateau and coastal mountains) of the FRB exhibit spatially varied responses, such as, shifts from snow-dominant to hybrid regime in the eastern and coastal mountains and hybrid to rain-dominant regime in the central plateau region. The analysis of temporal changes illustrated considerable uncertainties in the projections obtained from an ensemble of GCMs and emission scenarios. However, direction of changes obtained from the GCM ensembles and emissions scenarios are consistent amongst one another.
    [Show full text]
  • Rubyrock Lake Ps.Pdf
    Rubyrock Lake Provincial Park Purpose Statement and Zoning Plan Rubyrock Lake Provincial Park is located about 70 kilometres northwest of Fort St. James, bordered by three large lakes: Trembleur to the northeast; Cunningham to the southwest; and to the southeast, the north arm of Stuart Lake. This large park (41,233 hectares) provides the best representation of the Babine Upland Ecosection, contributing 54.98% of the overall protected areas system representation of this ecosection. This ecosection is fragmented and poorly represented in the provincial protected areas system (only 3.65% protected). Rubyrock Lake Provincial Park is characterized by broken terrain dotted with numerous small lakes and wetlands. Close to 80% of the park supports sub- boreal spruce forests, nearly half of which is the moist, cool sub-boreal spruce variant. The park also provides important representation of moist very cold Englemann spruce – subalpine fir forests. One blue-listed ecosystem is found in the park - hybrid white spruce / hardhack (Picea engelmannii x glauca / Spiraea douglasii) SBS dw3 (06), which is dominated by Douglas-fir, saskatoon and false sarsaparilla. Rubyrock Lake Provincial Park is one of the few areas that capture unique Douglas-fir shoreline ecosystems. Diverse habitats within the park include important moose and mule deer winter range, waterfowl migration stopover and nesting grounds, good aquatic furbearer habitat, and fish habitat. The park supports a wide variety of wildlife species, including grizzly bear, moose, mule deer, furbearers and waterfowl. Fish species in the area include kokanee, rainbow trout, lake trout, burbot, as well as a small run of sockeye salmon. Sockeye salmon spawn in Fleming, Paula, Sydney and Cunningham creeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Language. Legemds, Amd Lore of the Carrier
    SUBMITTED TO REV. H. POUPART. O.M.I., PH.D. in ii lusrgaccfc i n 11 gc—Majsmi ••• IIIIWHWII i ini DEAN OP THE FACULTY OF ARTS | LANGUAGE. LEGEMDS, AMD LORE OF THE , 1 : V CARRIER IKDIAHS ) By./ J-. B- . MUKRO\, M.S.A. Submitted as Thesis for the Ph.D. Degree, the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. UMI Number: DC53436 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform DC53436 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Foreword Chapter 1 A Difficult Language .... 1-16 Chapter 2 Pilakamulahuh--The Aboriginal Lecturer 17 - 32 Chapter 3 Lore of the Pacific Coast . 33-44 Chapter 4 Dene Tribes and Waterways ... 45-61 Chapter 5 Carriers or Navigators .... 62-71 Chapter 6 Invention of Dene Syllabics . 72-88 Chapter 7 Some Legends of Na'kaztli ... 89 - 108 Chapter 8 Lakes and Landmarks .... 109 - 117 Chapter 9 Nautley Village and Legend of Estas 118 - 128 Chapter 10 Ancient Babine Epitaph ...
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Through Toponymy: Using Indigenous Place-Names in Outdoor Science Camps
    Teaching Through Toponymy: Using Indigenous Place-Names In Outdoor Science Camps Karen Ann Heikkila B.A., University of British Columbia, 1994 B.Ed., University of British Columbia, 1995 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (Geography) The University of Northern British Columbia January 2007 ©Karen Ann Heikkila, 2007 For All who teach and make known the Dakelh language and culture Abstract The naming of places, be they landforms, villages or cities, is a cultural phenomenon dating back to the earliest of times. Naming to identify and differentiate places seems to be as basic a need as assigning names to the persons and objects that make up one’s world. In the Tl’azt’en culture, where oral transmission was the means of passing down knowledge, people developed particular strategies for recalling information. Routes to hunting grounds or fishing holes, for instance, were memorized with the aid of place-names and through the narratives that illumined the named places. This study examines the potential of Dakelh place-names as a tool for educating Tl’azt’en children and youth about the Tl’azt’en ancestral past, the Dakelh language and places on the land that have sustained Tl’azt’enne for generations. The processes of colonization, resistance and cultural reclamation as observed in the naming and re-naming of places provides a theoretical framework from which to explore the potential of indigenous place-names to address issues of cultural revitalization and identity-strengthening. Such theory enables understanding of the importance of indigenous language and places on the land in sustaining cultural identity and forming the basis for appreciating oral tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • Prince Rupert Gas Transmission Project Regulatory Traditional Knowledge Study Final Report
    Prince Rupert Gas Transmission Project Regulatory Traditional Knowledge Study Final Report Prepared for: PRGT - TransCanada Corporation British Columbia Environmental Assessment Office British Columbia oil and Gas Commission June 2014 All content © Tl’azt’en Nation Intellectual Property Statem The contents of this report are the intellectual property of individual participants and, collectively, Tl’azt’en Nation. Indigenous knowledge collected during this project is for one-time, exclusive use in the regulatory assessment for TransCanada’s Prince Rupert Gas Transmission pipeline. Any other use of the knowledge and information presented in this report is strictly prohibited. Authorized users are granted a limited license to display or print the information in the report, provided the contents are not modified and all copyright and proprietary notices are retained. None of the information available in this report may be otherwise reproduced, republished or re-disseminated in any manner or form without the prior written permission of an authorized representative of Tl’azt’en Nation. The citation to be used for this document is: Hammond, Joanne (2014). Tl’azt’en Traditional Knowledge Study for TransCanada’s Prince Rupert Gas Transmission Project. (Consultant’s report). Tache, British Columbia. This report is presented without prejudice to the rights, title and interests of the Tl’azt’en Nation or any other First Nation with regard to this project or any other past or future land use. i Contributors Joanne Hammond, Pacific Heritage – author,
    [Show full text]