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Titre : *Journal De L'année *Éditeur : *Larousse (Paris) *Date D'édition *Titre : *Journal de l'année (Paris. 1967) *Titre : *Journal de l'année *Éditeur : *Larousse (Paris) *Date d'édition : *1967-2004 *Type : *texte,publication en série imprimée *Langue : * Français *Format : *application/pdf *Identifiant : * ark:/12148/cb34382722t/date </ark:/12148/cb34382722t/date> *Identifiant : *ISSN 04494733 *Source : *Larousse, 2012-129536 *Relation : * http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34382722t *Provenance : *bnf.fr Le texte affiché comporte un certain nombre d'erreurs. En effet, le mode texte de ce document a été généré de façon automatique par un programme de reconnaissance optique de caractères (OCR). Le taux de reconnaissance obtenu pour ce document est de 100 %. downloadModeText.vue.download 1 sur 602 Cet ouvrage est paru à l’origine aux Editions Larousse en 1997 ; sa numérisation a été réalisée avec le soutien du CNL. Cette édition numérique a été spécialement recomposée par les Editions Larousse dans le cadre d’une collaboration avec la BnF pour la bibliothèque numérique Gallica. downloadModeText.vue.download 2 sur 602 downloadModeText.vue.download 3 sur 602 JOURNAL DE L’ANNÉE - ÉDITION 1997 2 CHRONOLOGIE Janvier 1 Arabie saoudite Intérim du pouvoir. Un décret royal confie l’intérim du pouvoir au prince Abdallah, demi-frère du roi Fahd, durant la convalescence de celui-ci, vic- time d’une embolie cérébrale. Le roi Fahd reprend ses activités le 22 février. 2 France Rapport sur l’ARC. Le quotidien Libération révèle que le rap- port de la Cour des comptes consacré à l’Association pour la recherche sur le can- cer (ARC) a été transmis au parquet de Pa- ris. Ce rapport confirme les investigations menées en 1990 par l’IGAS (Inspection générale des affaires sociales) et indique qu’en 1993 27,2 % seulement des sommes collectées par l’association ont été affectées à la recherche proprement dite. La Cour des comptes met également en avant des surfacturations pour les achats de papier et des anomalies dans les dépenses de per- sonnel. Un conseil d’administration extra- ordinaire de l’ARC décide, le 3, de confier momentanément la gestion de l’association à un comité de « sages », tandis que le pré- sident, Jacques Crozemarie, gravement mis en cause, est placé en position d’attente. Ce dernier conteste d’abord les conclusions de la Cour des comptes, puis menace de sabor- der l’ARC, et démissionne enfin le 18 après qu’une information a été transmise au pro- cureur général près la cour d’appel de Paris selon laquelle il aurait perçu, entre 1990 et 1993, de 600 à 700 000 F d’honoraires d’une société liée aux prestations de services ré- tribuées par l’ARC. (U chrono. 25/01) 5 Algérie Nouveau gouvernement. Le Premier ministre Ahmed Ouyahia, dési- gné par le président Liamine Zeroual après les élections de novembre 1995, consti- tue son cabinet. Il s’agit d’une équipe de « techniciens », sans figures politiques de premier plan, mais où l’on trouve trois re- présentants de l’opposition modérée, dont deux membres du parti islamiste Hamas. Mahfoud Nahnah, leader du Hamas, avait obtenu 25 % des voix aux élections de no- vembre. (U chrono. 11/02) Japon Démission du Premier ministre. Arrivé au pouvoir en juin 1994, le pre- mier chef de gouvernement socialiste de l’histoire japonaise, Tomiichi Murayama, 71 ans, annonce sa volonté de démission- downloadModeText.vue.download 4 sur 602 CHRONOLOGIE 3 ner. À la tête d’une coalition rassemblant le Parti socialiste, le Parti libéral-démocrate (PLD), précédemment au pouvoir, et la petite formation centriste, le Parti pionnier, M. Murayama avait toujours été considéré comme un simple chef de transition. L’arri- vée dans la coalition en décembre 1995 du Nouveau Parti du Progrès et de son chef, le dynamique Ichirô Ozawa, avait fragilisé encore un peu plus la position du Premier ministre. Celui-ci est remplacé à son poste dès le 8 par le président du PLD, Ryutaro Hashimoto. Âgé de cinquante-huit ans, ancien ministre du Commerce internatio- nal et de l’Industrie, vice-Premier ministre depuis septembre 1995, M. Hashimoto passe pour un homme énergique, aux opi- nions nationalistes bien arrêtées. Lors de son investiture, le 11, il réaffirme sa volonté de maintenir coûte que coûte l’alliance avec les États-Unis. (U chrono. 27/09) Russie Limogeage du ministre des Affaires étrangères. Chef de la diplomatie russe depuis 1990, Andreï Kozyrev, quarante-quatre ans, quitte le gouvernement. Violemment criti- qué pour ses positions jugées pro-occiden- tales, notamment par le leader communiste Guennadi Ziouganov, il est remplacé à son poste par un représentant de l’ancienne ad- ministration soviétique, Evgueni Primakov, soixante-cinq ans, qui dirigeait les services d’espionnage depuis 1991. Spécialiste du Moyen-Orient, M. Primakov est un oppo- sant résolu aux projets d’association entre l’OTAN et les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale. 7 Guatemala Élections présidentielles. Candidat de la « droite progressiste » du parti pour l’Avancement national, Alvaro Arzu remporte le scrutin au second tour avec un peu plus de 52 % des suffrages ex- primés. Il bat Alfonso Portillo, candidat du Front républicain guatémaltèque, forma- tion populiste dirigée par le général Efrain Rios Montt, jugé responsable des massacres commis par l’armée dans le cadre de sa lutte contre la guérilla au cours des années 80. L’élection a été marquée par des violences meurtrières et par une forte abstention. Le nouvel élu s’engage à lutter contre la cor- ruption et à favoriser le développement des PME. 8 Espagne Dissolution des Cortes. Felipe Gonzalez dissout le Parlement un an et demi avant la fin normale de la lé- gislature. Le chef du gouvernement a été conduit à prendre cette décision pour deux raisons principales : le retrait, à l’automne 1995, du soutien des nationalistes catalans, qui privait l’équipe au pouvoir de toute ma- jorité absolue à la chambre ; l’accumulation des scandales politico-financiers et, notam- ment, l’affaire du GAL, ce groupe formé illégalement au cours des années 80 pour lutter contre le terrorisme basque. Dans ces conditions, le Parti socialiste (PSOE) n’aborde pas le scrutin, fixé au 3 mars, en position de favori face au Parti popu- laire (conservateur) de José Maria Aznar, placé nettement en tête dans les sondages. (U chrono. 3/03) France Dépôt de bilan d’InfoMatin. Le quotidien, dont la vente s’était stabi- lisée autour de 70 000 exemplaires (au lieu de 130 000 nécessaires), dépose son bilan. Créé en janvier 1994, ce journal a voulu imposer un concept d’informa- tion rapide et concise à destination des jeunes cadres citadins pressés. L’homme d’affaires et ancien collaborateur de Fran- çois Mitterrand, André Rousselet, qui y avait investi près de 150 millions de downloadModeText.vue.download 5 sur 602 JOURNAL DE L’ANNÉE - ÉDITION 1997 4 francs, avait souhaité imposer à l’équipe rédactionnelle un plan de rigueur. Celle- ci l’avait refusé, ce qui a poussé M. Rous- selet à passer la main. France Mort de François Mitterrand. L’ancien président de la République est mort chez lui à Paris, avenue Frédéric-Le Play, à l’âge de soixante-dix-neuf ans, des suites d’un cancer de la prostate. François Mitterrand est inhumé religieusement à Jarnac le 11 janvier. On remarque à ses ob- sèques la présence, aux côtés de sa famille officielle, de sa compagne et de la fille na- turelle qu’il a eue avec celle-ci, Mazarine. Au même moment, un hommage natio- nal et international est rendu à Paris en la cathédrale Notre-Dame, en présence du président Jacques Chirac et de nombreux dirigeants étrangers, parmi lesquels Hel- mut Kohl (qui pleurera pendant l’office). Juan Carlos, roi d’Espagne, John Major, Boris Eltsine, Yasser Arafat et Fidel Cas- tro. Une double polémique suit le dérou- lement de ces manifestations. La première a trait au caractère ouvertement religieux des obsèques. Fallait-il, s’interrogent cer- tains laïques, que l’hommage national au président défunt ait nécessairement lieu dans une église ? La seconde concerne les informations sur l’état de santé de M. Mit- terrand tout au long de ses deux mandats. On apprend ainsi qu’il se savait atteint d’un cancer dès le début de son premier septennat. A-t-il délibérément trompé les Français en faisant publier des bulletins de santé qui omettaient de dire l’essen- tiel ? Les partisans du défunt font remar- quer que son état de santé n’a pas empêché M. Mitterrand d’exercer pleinement ses fonctions pendant ses quatorze années de pouvoir. Né le 26 octobre 1916 à Jarnac, en Cha- rente, au sein d’une famille bourgeoise, cinquième de huit enfants, François Mit- terrand suit des études de droit à Paris. Mobilisé pendant la Seconde Guerre mon- diale, il est fait prisonnier en 1940. Il par- vient à s’échapper, revient en France et oc- cupe au sein de l’administration de Vichy un poste de responsable auprès des orga- nismes d’aide aux prisonniers de guerre. Il rejoint parallèlement la Résistance en 1943 et prend vite la tête du principal mouvement de prisonniers ; à ce titre, il devient secrétaire général aux prisonniers de guerre dans le Gouvernement provi- soire après la libération de Paris. Il est élu député de la Nièvre en 1946, puis assume des fonctions ministérielles dans les gou- vernements Ramadier, Schuman, Pleven, Queuille, Edgar Faure, Mendès France (ministre de l’Intérieur) et Guy Mollet. Il quitte le gouvernement après le retour au pouvoir du général de Gaulle, dont il devient un opposant farouche. Il parvient à le mettre en ballottage aux élections pré- sidentielles de décembre 1965. Il oeuvre ensuite au rapprochement entre la gauche non communiste et le PC.
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