The Use of Force in Un Peace Operations
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Final Fantasy 7: Remake Jumpchain by U/Guyinthecap and U/Timber-Faolan
Final Fantasy 7: Remake Jumpchain By u/guyinthecap and u/Timber-Faolan Welcome to Gaia; a world of monsters and heroes, where magic and modern technology mix. Your stay here will be marked by corporate domination, fearless rebellions, an ancient legacy, and the dark machinations of the One-Winged Man. This world has plenty of adventure to take part in. The question is, what part will you play? Take these, you’re going to need them. +1000cp Time and Location: Welcome to Midgar, the biggest city in the world. Shaped like two overlapping discs, the vast population of this metropolis is divided between nine districts on the upper “plate,” the slums that rest beneath the city, and the secret labyrinth of sewers and tunnels beneath the city known as Deepground. There is something for everyone in this city, and so you may choose to start anywhere. That said, keep in mind that some folks will be more welcome in certain neighborhoods than others. Shinra Corporation employees and Turks would be welcomed in Shinra’s many facilities, while Resistance Fighters and City Residents may prefer the discretion of the undercity slums. Regardless of your choice, you start your decade-long journey six months before the fateful night that Avalanche and a blonde-haired mercenary attack the mako reactor in Sector 1. Age and Gender: Gaia is full of heroes; men and women, young and old. Anyone can achieve greatness in this world. You may choose your gender, as well as any age between 14 and 74. Alternatively, you can roll for your age and gender to gain +50cp each. -
MSF and Srebrenica 1993 - 2003
MSF AND SREBRENICA 1993 - 2003 MSF SPEAKS OUT MSF Speaks out In the same collection, “MSF Speaking Out”: - “Salvadoran refugee camps in Honduras 1988” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - December 2013] - “Genocide of Rwandan Tutsis 1994” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - April 2014] - “Rwandan refugee camps Zaire and Tanzania 1994-1995” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - April 2014] - “The violence of the new Rwandan regime 1994-1995” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - April 2014] - “Hunting and killings of Rwandan Refugee in Zaire-Congo 1996-1997” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [August 2004 - April 2014] - ‘’Famine and forced relocations in Ethiopia 1984-1986” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [January 2005 - November 2013] - “Violence against Kosovar Albanians, NATO’s Intervention 1998-1999” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [September 2006] - “War crimes and politics of terror in Chechnya 1994-2004’” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [June 2010-September 2014] - “Somalia 1991-1993: Civil war, famine alert and UN ‘military-humanitarian’ intervention” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2013] - “MSF and North Korea 1995-1998” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [November 2014] Editorial Committee: Laurence Binet, Françoise Bouchet-Saulnier, Marine Buissonnière, Rebecca Golden, Michiel Hofman, Paul Mac Phun, Jerome Oberreit, Darin Portnoy - Director of Studies (project coordination-research-interview-editing): Laurence Binet - Assistant: Martin Saulnier - Translation into English: Mark Ayton, Leah Brumer, Kristin Cairns, Amanda Dehaye, Nina Friedman, Justin Hillier, Derek Scoins, Caroline Serraf (coor- dination), Ros Smith-Thomas, Karen Stokes, Karen Tucker, Riccardo Walker - Editing/Proof Reading: Liz Barling, Rebecca Golden - Design and Layout: tcgraphite - Video research: Martin Saulnier - Website Designer and Administrator: Sean Brokenshire. -
Worlds Apart: Bosnian Lessons for Global Security
Worlds Apart Swanee Hunt Worlds Apart Bosnian Lessons for GLoBaL security Duke university Press Durham anD LonDon 2011 © 2011 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by C. H. Westmoreland Typeset in Charis by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. To my partners c harLes ansBacher: “Of course you can.” and VaLerie GiLLen: “Of course we can.” and Mirsad JaceVic: “Of course you must.” Contents Author’s Note xi Map of Yugoslavia xii Prologue xiii Acknowledgments xix Context xxi Part i: War Section 1: Officialdom 3 1. insiDe: “Esteemed Mr. Carrington” 3 2. outsiDe: A Convenient Euphemism 4 3. insiDe: Angels and Animals 8 4. outsiDe: Carter and Conscience 10 5. insiDe: “If I Left, Everyone Would Flee” 12 6. outsiDe: None of Our Business 15 7. insiDe: Silajdžić 17 8. outsiDe: Unintended Consequences 18 9. insiDe: The Bread Factory 19 10. outsiDe: Elegant Tables 21 Section 2: Victims or Agents? 24 11. insiDe: The Unspeakable 24 12. outsiDe: The Politics of Rape 26 13. insiDe: An Unlikely Soldier 28 14. outsiDe: Happy Fourth of July 30 15. insiDe: Women on the Side 33 16. outsiDe: Contact Sport 35 Section 3: Deadly Stereotypes 37 17. insiDe: An Artificial War 37 18. outsiDe: Clashes 38 19. insiDe: Crossing the Fault Line 39 20. outsiDe: “The Truth about Goražde” 41 21. insiDe: Loyal 43 22. outsiDe: Pentagon Sympathies 46 23. insiDe: Family Friends 48 24. outsiDe: Extremists 50 Section 4: Fissures and Connections 55 25. -
Peacekeeping: the Way Ahead?
INSTITUTEFOR NATIONAL STRATEGICSTUDIES PEACEKEEPING: THE WAY AHEAD? Contributors William H. Lewis John Mackinlay John G. Ruggie Sir Brian Urquhart Editor William H. Lewis NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY McNair Paper 25 A popular Government, without popular information or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or perhaps both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance; And a people who mean to be their own Go vernors, must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives. JAMES MADISON to W. T. BARRY August 4, 1822 PEACEKEEPING: THE WAY AHEAD? Report of a Special Conference Contributors William H. Lewis John Mackinlay John G. Ruggie Sir Brian Urquhart Editor William H. Lewis McNair Paper 25 November 1993 INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Washington, D.C. NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY [] President: Lieutenant General Paul G. Cerjan [] Vice President: Ambassador Howard K. Walker INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES rn Acting Director: Stuart E. Johnson Publications Directorate [] Fort Le, ley J. McNair [] Washington, D.C. 20319--6000 [] Phone: (202) 475-1913 [] Fax: (202) 475-1012 [] Director: Frederick T. Kiley [] Deputy Director: Lieutenant Colonel Barry McQueen [] Chief, Publications Branch: George C. Maerz [] Editor: Mary A. SommerviUe 12 Secretary: Laura Hall [] Circulation Manager: Myma Morgan [] Editing: George C. Maerz [] Cover Design: Barry McQueen From time to time, INSS publishes short papers to provoke thought and inform discussion on issues of U.S. national security in the post-Cold War era. These monographs present current topics related to national security strategy and policy, defense resource man- agement, international affairs, civil-military relations, military technology, and joint, com- bined, and coalition operations. -
CEDRIC THORNBERRY Personal
06-JUL-99 TUE 12:26 THORNBERRY FftCHNA CYPRUS 357 5 243541 P. 0 1 ..LOO, CEDRIC THORNBERRY Pano Pachna Village 4700 Limassol Cyprus Tel/Fax +357 524 3541 e-mail <[email protected]> THF SECRETARY-GENERAL 6 Julv 1999 Mr Iqbal Riza Under-Secretary-General personal Office of the Secretary-General United Nations New York Greetings from Cyprus, where I live, during interim periods when at home - in a wine- making village on a hilltop looking out over the blue Mediterranean, Not a bad base for writing, travelling and treks through the vineyards and our lovely mountains ! They must be exciting days through which you are living at present - the Secretary- General and the Organisation - particularly with the Kosovo operation unfolding. The importance of legitimacy in achieving effectiveness in the affairs of state seems finally to have been appreciated once more. I would like to say to the Secretary- General, and to yourself, that if you should have need of an old warhorse in any of the complex operational responsibilities that are building up" for the UN in various parts ofther world, well, herelam. Kofi might find that he has need of someone with my kind of experience, who knows the UN ropes rather well, is not too daunted by the precarious conditions under which a mission may have to be conducted, has worked closely with quite a lot of generals and other senior militaries, and whose loyalty lies entirely to the Secretary-General. As I think he would agree, I was rather much a "fieldman"' rather than a "head office man" - that is where I thought I most likely could be of use to him. -
BEITRAGSTITEL, Times New Roman, Fett, 16Pt, Großbuchstaben
POLICE IN PEACE OPERATIONS Erwin A. Schmidl Preface Peace operations, from their beginning in the nineteenth century and increasingly since the end of the Cold War, have included varying degrees of "police activities," ranging from supervising indigenous police agencies to actually performing law enforcement duties. Until recently, this aspect of peace operations has often been overlooked or under-appreciated in favour of the military, humanitarian, and political components of such missions. The following paper gives an overview of peace operations which involved police functions — known as "civilian police," or CIVPOL, in U.N. language. I became involved in the study of police in peace operations while I was a Senior Fellow at the U.S. Institute of Peace in 1995-96. A first conference on this subject was organised at the USIP in May 1996, followed by a series of conferences and workshops convened by Ambassador Robert B. Oakley and Colonel Michael J. Dziedzic at the National Defense University in Washington D.C. in 1996-97. This resulted in their recent volume Policing the New World Disorder: Peace Operations and Public Security, perhaps the most comprehensive contribution to our knowledge of police aspects in peace operations. The following paper is a summary of peace operations including police aspects, both by the United Nations and outside the U.N. framework. The information is based on a variety of sources, and is accurate as of July 1998. Two new missions have not been included: in April 1998, a U.N. operation was established for the Central African Republic (MINURCA, Mission des Nations Unies en République Central-Africaine) which includes 17 police officers. -
Why European Timber Company DLH Should Be Held to Account for Profiting from Liberian Conflict Timber
BANKROLLING BRUTALITY Why European timber company DLH should be held to account for profiting from Liberian conflict timber A REPORT BY GLOBAL WITNESS 2010 COVER: OTC logs to DLH awaiting export from Liberia, 2001 Credit: Global Witness CONTENTS THE ALLEGATIONS 2 HISTORY OF LIBERIa 3 The First Liberian Civil War (1989–1996) 3 The Second Liberian Civil War (1999–2003) 3 Post Civil War 4 REVENUE FROM TIMBER USED TO FUND THE CONFLICT 5 Liberian timber imported into France by European timber companies 5 KEY ACTORS AND COMPANIES IN LIBERIA’s TIMBER INDUSTRY FROM 1999-2003 6 Charles Taylor 6 Gus Kouwenhoven and the Oriental Timber Corporation (OTC) 6 Mohammed Salamé and the Mohammed Group of Companies (MGC) 7 Abbas Fawaz and the Maryland Wood Processing Industries (MWPI) 7 Oscar Cooper and the Inland Logging Company (ILC) 7 Demetrius B. Taylor 7 Charles “Chuckie” Taylor, Jr 7 THE DEFENDANT(S) 8 Dalhoff, Larsen, Horneman (DLH) 8 THE COMPLAINANTS 9 Global Witness 9 Sherpa 9 Greenpeace 9 Amis de la Terre 10 Alfred Brownell 10 2 | GLOBAL WITNESS FEBRUARY 2010 Global Witness and Sherpa, with Greenpeace France, Amis de la Terre and a prominent Liberian activist lodged a legal complaint before the Public Prosecutor at the Court of Nantes (France) against the French company DLH France, part of the Dalhoff, Larsen, Horneman Group (DLH), one of the world’s leading international timber and wood products wholesalers.1 THE ALLEGATIONS The complainants have evidence that and divert public scrutiny of its Liberian between 2001-2003, DLH purchased, purchasing and importation practices in imported into France and distributed order to make profits. -
It's Meant to Be Played
Issue 10 $3.99 (where sold) THE WAY It’s meant to be played Ultimate PC Gaming with GeForce All the best holiday games with the power of NVIDIA Far Cry’s creators outclass its already jaw-dropping technology Battlefi eld 2142 with an epic new sci-fi battle World of Warcraft: Company of Heroes Warhammer: The Burning Crusade Mark of Chaos THE NEWS Notebooks are set to transform Welcome... PC gaming Welcome to the 10th issue of The Way It’s Meant To Be Played, the he latest must-have gaming system is… T magazine dedicated to the very best in a notebook PC. Until recently considered mainly PC gaming. In this issue, we showcase a means for working on the move or for portable 30 games, all participants in NVIDIA’s presentations, laptops complete with dedicated graphic The Way It’s Meant To Be Played processing units (GPUs) such as the NVIDIA® GeForce® program. In this program, NVIDIA’s Go 7 series are making a real impact in the gaming world. Latest thing: Laptops developer technology engineers work complete with dedicated The advantages are obvious – gamers need no longer be graphic processing units with development teams to get the are making an impact in very best graphics and effects into tied to their desktop set-up. the gaming world. their new titles. The games are then The new NVIDIA® GeForce® Go 7900 notebook rigorously tested by three different labs GPUs are designed for extreme HD gaming, and gaming at NVIDIA for compatibility, stability, and hardware specialists such as Alienware and Asus have performance to ensure that any game seen the potential of the portable platform. -
Adult Authority, Social Conflict, and Youth Survival Strategies in Post Civil War Liberia
‘Listen, Politics is not for Children:’ Adult Authority, Social Conflict, and Youth Survival Strategies in Post Civil War Liberia. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Henryatta Louise Ballah Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Drs. Ousman Kobo, Advisor Antoinette Errante Ahmad Sikianga i Copyright by Henryatta Louise Ballah 2012 ii Abstract This dissertation explores the historical causes of the Liberian civil war (1989- 2003), with a keen attention to the history of Liberian youth, since the beginning of the Republic in 1847. I carefully analyzed youth engagements in social and political change throughout the country’s history, including the ways by which the civil war impacted the youth and inspired them to create new social and economic spaces for themselves. As will be demonstrated in various chapters, despite their marginalization by the state, the youth have played a crucial role in the quest for democratization in the country, especially since the 1960s. I place my analysis of the youth in deep societal structures related to Liberia’s colonial past and neo-colonial status, as well as the impact of external factors, such as the financial and military support the regime of Samuel Doe received from the United States during the cold war and the influence of other African nations. I emphasize that the socio-economic and political policies implemented by the Americo- Liberians (freed slaves from the U.S.) who settled in the country beginning in 1822, helped lay the foundation for the civil war. -
HPCR Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare
Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare Bern, 15 May 2009 Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University © 2009 The President and Fellows of Harvard College ISBN: 978-0-9826701-0-1 No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitt ed in any form without the prior consent of the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Con- fl ict Research at Harvard University. This restriction shall not apply for non-commercial use. A product of extensive consultations, this document was adopted by consensus of an international group of experts on 15 May 2009 in Bern, Switzerland. This document does not necessarily refl ect the views of the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Confl ict Research or of Harvard University. Program on Humanitarian Policy and Confl ict Research Harvard University 1033 Massachusett s Avenue, 4th Floor Cambridge, MA 02138 United States of America Tel.: 617-384-7407 Fax: 617-384-5901 E-mail: [email protected] www.hpcrresearch.org | ii Foreword It is my pleasure and honor to present the HPCR Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare. This Manual provides the most up-to-date restatement of exist- ing international law applicable to air and missile warfare, as elaborated by an international Group of Experts. As an authoritative restatement, the HPCR Manual contributes to the practical understanding of this important international legal framework. The HPCR Manual is the result of a six-year long endeavor led by the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Confl ict Research at Harvard University (HPCR), during which it convened an international Group of Experts to refl ect on existing rules of international law applicable to air and missile warfare. -
Spring Semester Catalog • 2020
Rethink Learning Discovery Vitality Camaraderie Enrichment Creativity SPRING SEMESTER CATALOG • 2020 MONDAY, MARCH 2–FRIDAY, JUNE 5, 2020 CONTENTS 3 From the Director 4 Virtual/Hybrid Study Groups At-A-Glance 5 Virtual/Hybrid Study Group Descriptions 6 Chicago Study Groups At-A-Glance 8 Chicago Study Group Descriptions 35 The 1619 Project 36 Evanston Study Groups At-A-Glance 38 Evanston Study Group Descriptions 52 Membership Options 54 At-A-Glance Availability of Membership Types 55 Registration & Refund Policies 57 Registration Form 59 Campus Maps 61 Resources 62 Calendar KEY TO SYMBOLS IN CATALOG Technology use (including but not limited Field trips — walking to email, Internet research, use of Canvas, opening Word and PDF documents) Field trips — own transportation needed Kindle edition available Will read 20+ pages a week Class member’s participation as a discussion Will read 40+ pages a week leader is strongly encouraged Digital SLR camera required Low level of discussion during class Movie group or films will be shown Medium level of discussion during class High level of discussion during class Contents 2 sps.northwestern.edu/olli FROM THE DIRECTOR, KIRSTY MONTGOMERY I am delighted to present Osher Lifelong Learning REGISTRATION HELP SESSIONS Institute’s (OLLI) spring semester, 2020. This eclectic If you will need help registering plan to attend one selection of studies will run for fourteen weeks, of our registration help sessions. New and existing from Monday, March 2, through Friday, June 5, 2020. members may stop by one of these sessions to Spring registration begins at 9 a.m. on Monday, get personal assistance registering using our January 27, 2020. -
Operation Market Garden WWII
Operation Market Garden WWII Operation Market Garden (17–25 September 1944) was an Allied military operation, fought in the Netherlands and Germany in the Second World War. It was the largest airborne operation up to that time. The operation plan's strategic context required the seizure of bridges across the Maas (Meuse River) and two arms of the Rhine (the Waal and the Lower Rhine) as well as several smaller canals and tributaries. Crossing the Lower Rhine would allow the Allies to outflank the Siegfried Line and encircle the Ruhr, Germany's industrial heartland. It made large-scale use of airborne forces, whose tactical objectives were to secure a series of bridges over the main rivers of the German- occupied Netherlands and allow a rapid advance by armored units into Northern Germany. Initially, the operation was marginally successful and several bridges between Eindhoven and Nijmegen were captured. However, Gen. Horrocks XXX Corps ground force's advance was delayed by the demolition of a bridge over the Wilhelmina Canal, as well as an extremely overstretched supply line, at Son, delaying the capture of the main road bridge over the Meuse until 20 September. At Arnhem, the British 1st Airborne Division encountered far stronger resistance than anticipated. In the ensuing battle, only a small force managed to hold one end of the Arnhem road bridge and after the ground forces failed to relieve them, they were overrun on 21 September. The rest of the division, trapped in a small pocket west of the bridge, had to be evacuated on 25 September. The Allies had failed to cross the Rhine in sufficient force and the river remained a barrier to their advance until the offensives at Remagen, Oppenheim, Rees and Wesel in March 1945.