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Beyond Nepantlã¡ : an Exploration of Factors That Affect the Academic Success of Chicano Lilia Zabalza Chavez

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Beyond Nepantlã¡ : an Exploration of Factors That Affect the Academic Success of Chicano Lilia Zabalza Chavez The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Doctoral Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects 2011 Beyond Nepantlá : an exploration of factors that affect the academic success of Chicano Lilia Zabalza Chavez Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/diss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Chavez, Lilia Zabalza, "Beyond Nepantlá : an exploration of factors that affect the academic success of Chicano" (2011). Doctoral Dissertations. 175. https://repository.usfca.edu/diss/175 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of San Francisco Beyond Nepantlá: AN EXPLORATION OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ACADEMIC SUCCESS OF CHICANO/LATINO STUDENTS IN COMMUNITY COLLEGE A Dissertation Proposal Presented to The Faculty of the School of Education International and Multicultural Education Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor in Education By Lilia Zabalza Chavez San Francisco 2010 © copyright by Lilia Zabalza Chavez All rights reserved ii THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO Dissertation Abstract Beyond Nepantlá: AN EXPLORATION OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ACADEMIC SUCCESS OF CHICANO/LATINO STUDENTS IN COMMUNITY COLLEGE In the state of California, Chicanos/Latinos are the largest minority in the public education system. As this minority population has increased, their graduation rates have remained low. They continue to be severely underserved, underrepresented, and undereducated. Eight Chicano/Latino students participated in this study to explore, through the methodology of Participatory Action Research (PAR) five-phase process, their perceptions of the external and internal factors that support/impede their academic success in community college. They explored these external and internal factors in order to identify and examine what motivated them to continue on their educational paths. The findings of this study revealed that PAR served as the platform that elucidated for them el choque [the cultural collision] that they experience amongst the institutions of school, family, and society. Building collective awareness of el choque provided these co-researchers the opportunity to connect to their spiritual space of Nepantlá. Validation was the driving force and foundation that then ignited the motivation they gained through their collective experience in PAR. The study demonstrated that when Chicano/Latino students are given the opportunity to collectively reflect, they can deconstruct racism through ancestral practices for iii an equitable education. This allows them to transform themselves and become active social and spiritual activists with the capacity to respond to the inequities in education and pursue the higher calling of divine social justice in the public education system. Lilia Zabalza Chavez, Author Stephen Cary, Ed.D. Chairperson, Dissertation Committee iv THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO This dissertation, written under the direction of the candidate’s Dissertation committee and approved by the members of the Committee, has been presented to and accepted by the Faculty of the School of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education. The content and research methodologies represented in this work represent the work of the candidate alone. Lilia Zabalza Chavez May 25, 2011 Candidate Dissertation Committee Dr. Stephen Cary May 25, 2011 Chair Dr. Shabnam Koirala-Azad May 26, 2011 Dr. Emma H. Fuentes May 25, 2011 v Dedication I dedicate the spiritual work of my dissertation to the creator, my ancestors, my grandparents (Leocadio Zabalza and Luisa Brambila, Paternal – and Rafael Chavez and Irinea Rodriguez, Maternal) who are all resting in peace and my parents Lucas B. Zabalza and M. Carmen Chavez (R.I.P), who paved the way and saw me through this experience. I hope to have brought healing and honor to my lineage. In the physical world, this is dedicated to my students, children, grandchildren, godchildren, family and community. To my students/scholars from Chabot College – Zapata, Marcos, Che, Frida, Cuatlicue, Tonantzin, Itzel and Esperanza – who had the courage to deconstruct and confront racism by honoring themselves through this process of awakening, and without whom I could not have completed this process: thank you. To the multitude of students that I have taught and counseled: I hope that you seek your truth. To my children: I thank you for being my teachers of love, humility and patience for walking this path with me, and for continuing my love for learning and healing. Shenny Diaz (Partner – Elizabeth Vega) Chante Diaz (Partner – Kenneth Vanterpool) Jaime Rodriguez (Wife – Michelle Villalobos-Rodriguez) Yessielle Rodriguez (Fiancé – Sergio Palacios) Jennifer Rodriguez (Husband – Carlos Bonilla) To my grandchildren Carlos, Janelle and Gianna Bonilla, Sergio Palacios Jr. Milliana, Giovanni and Briella Rodriguez, and to all my godchildren in the United States and in Guanajuato, Mexico: I am honored to be a part of your lives as you blossom into the leaders of tomorrow and create your own change in your families and communities. To my brothers and sisters: despite the many traumatic circumstances that we never expected to make it through, I can say that we all have grown to become compassionate human beings. To my nephews, nieces, and grandnephews and nieces: I took this journey to make a difference in our family and to break the cycle. Follow your dreams – let nothing stand in the way of your transformation. Jose Zabalza – Brother – (Nephew – Jose M. Zabalza, Grandniece –Alexia Zabalza), Antonio Chavez – Brother – (Partner – Ivana Callo) Maria Chavez – Sister – (Nephew –Anthony R. Johnson, Grandnephews Gianni and Jasiah, Niece – Mariah I. Sapp, Nephew – Charles L. Tatum III, Grandnephew Hassan) Manuel R. Zabalza – Brother - (Nephew – Manuel Jr. and Niece – Bianca Zabalza) Annaberta Zabalza – Sister – (R.I.P) Gilberto Zabalza – Brother – (Partner – Penny) Luisa Chavez – Sister – (Partner – Ivonne Garcia and Niece – Genesis) Irene Zabalza – Sister – (Partner – Margaret Jaramillo) Carmen L. Dominguez – Sister – (Nephews – Francisco Jr. and Abraham Dominguez) Socorro Marquez – Sister – (whereabouts unknown, last seen at the age of 2 in 1976) Estella McEwen – Sister – (Niece Sierra), Leticia Zabalza – Sister – David Zabalza – Brother vi Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge my committee, Dr. Stephen Cary, Dr. Shabnam Koirola-Azad and Dr. Emma Fuentes, for their commitment to my process and for their support and guidance as I confronted my choque. Their feedback and encouragement throughout this endeavor have supported my shift to my middle space of Nepantlá, leading to my transformation. My further thanks and gratitude go to the following people: Dr. Dan McPherson, Dean of School of Education who kept me accountable to my learning; My godmother/mentor, Mary H. Barnett M.D., for taking this journey alongside of me since, I was in community college. I appreciate your gifts of knowledge and thank you for providing me with unconditional support and for teaching me to follow my path without fear; My spiritual sister/editor Caitlin Fischer, M.A., who taught me that writing is a process that one must love and discover; All my Comadres from the Mariachi Femenil Orgullo Mexicano – Ninfa Iglesías, Nayely Limón, Ruby Ochoa, Nydia Gonzalez, Lucia Perez, Bianca Carreno, Linda Menekin, Reanna Albert, Mayra Bañuelos, Nadya Naranjo, and Alejandra Contreras – thank you for keeping my soul and spirit alive with the music of our ancestors. And to the Mariachi community I have been a part of all my life – ¡Que siga la Tradicion!; My circle of friends and extended family – Kathleen Salmon and Family, Lona Kelly, M.S. and Family, Lucy Agee & Carl Dudley, Menendez Family, Dr. Ralph Kindred, Alberto Olivares, B.S, Rene Stephens, M.A., May Howell, M.A., Dr. A. Mario Rivas, Dr. Judy Walters, Dr. Velia Garcia, Dr. David Johnson, Dr. JuanCarlos Arauz, Dr. Sophia S. Ramirez, Dr. Marisol Ruiz, Dr. Dulce Maria Perez, Mariana Chuquín, spiritual sister/colleague, and to the native and spiritual communities that I am a part of. Thank you for lifting me up when I needed your prayers and support, and; Dr. Laura Rendon, who through her work of Validation Theory made my dissertation come alive. I thank her for modeling humility and reaching out and reviewing my work. I am grateful for her insight. In peace with all my relations. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ………………………………………………………………………………………..vi Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………………...vii Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………….viii List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………………....xii List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………………..xiii Chapter I: THE RESEARCH PROBLEM ……………………………………………………….1 Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………………………..3 Purpose of the Study ………………………………………………………………………….4 Research Questions …………………………………………………………………………...5 Background and Need for the Study ………………………………………………………….5 Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………………………………….6 Limitations of the Study ………………………………………………………………………8
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