Descendants of Adam White Generation No. 1 1. ADAM1 WHITE was born Abt. 1627 in Scotland, and died December 19, 1708 in Bushmills, County Antrim, Ireland. Notes for ADAM WHITE: Scottish and Irish sources reveal the following data concerning the life and ministry of the Reverend Adam White, putative ancestor of Moses and Hugh White of Delaware and Pennsylvania. Adam White was born in Scotland circa 1620-1625. He was educated at Glasgow University and received a Master of Arts degree in 1648. He was ordained - Clondevaddock (Fannet), 1654. He received 100 pounds a year from the Proctorate, 1655. Deposed for non-conformity, 1661, but continued to minister. Excommunicated and imprisoned in Lifford, 1664-1670 for disobeying a summons issued by Leslie, Bishop of Raphoe. Resigned September 18, 1672. Installed Ardstraw. Fled to Scotland, 1688. Resigned 1692. Installed Billy, near Dunluce, 1692. Died December 19, 1708. The exodus from Scotland to Ulster continued for some years. In July, 1635, a James Blair of Ayrshire, wrote: "Above ten thousand persons, have , within two years past, left this country - between Aberdeen and Inverness, and gone over to Ireland. They have come by the hundred, through this town, and three hundred shipped together on one tide." The founders of the Presbyterian Church in Ulster, were Clergymen, who took refuge, driven from Scotland and England, by the persecuting spirit, abroad then, against Puritans. But in 1637, the Calvinists Confession of Faith was altered. Bishops tinged with Puritanism, were deposed. High churchmen were placed in their stead. Conformity to the Established Church was enforced with pains and penalties. Deputy Wentworth imposed on the Ulster Presbyterians an oath of passive obedience - which became. known as the Black Oath. All Scots were disarmed, less they be inclined to stage a Rising. The Scots in the Laggan came under the sway of Bishop Leslie of Raphoe - "who came down heavy on them." He summoned four Ministers to his court, excommunicated them and sent them to prison, where they were kept for six years. They were- John Hart, Thomas Waite, Adam White, and William Semple. A Presbyterian Minister discovered "administrating the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, was fined £100. Some fled back to Scotland. Others, though they could not exercise their ministry, though their stipends were sequestered, changed their apparel to that of countrymen, taking what opportunities they could to preach in barns or glens." The Established Church declared all marriages null and void that were not solemnised in their Church. So many had to be kept quiet. From "The Scot in Ulster." By John Harrison. 1 The preceding was taken from the book Representative Descendants of the Scotch-Irish Brothers Moses and Hugh White, by William B. White. Further, it is important to note, as does William B. White that "there is no specific, direct statement to the effect that Adam White was the father or grandfather of Hugh [and Moses] White the immigrant[s]." There is "no definitive evidence to identify the names of their parents." Much has been speculated and conjectured in this regard but no one has yet to come forward with the necessary evidence linking Adam White to the two brothers. Hopefully, given time, something veracious will surface. White is a common name throughout the world. In Ireland it stems mainly from the "le Whytes" who came to Ireland with the Anglo-Normans; there were also Whites who came from England. The name in Irish is either spelled de Faoite or Mac Faoitigh. The Whites can be found in Down, Limerick, Sligo and Wexford. History of the White Surname (Information provided by the Ulster Historical Foundation who completed an in-depth search on our Ancestors (in October, 1999) and Rickey E. White (© 11-10-1997 appearing here with permission). The surname White/Whyte is one of the fifty most common names found in Ireland. The surname White is of several possible origins: 1) Old English hwit, meaning 'white', denoting a person with fair complexion or light colored hair, 2) Old English wiht, denoting a person who lived by a bend in a river or road, and 3) Old English wait, a 'look-out post'. White is one of the twenty-five most common names in England and Wales. Of Welsh origin, it is believed to have been taken from the ancient word Gwyn or Wynne, meaning "White." It is believed to have been given to its original bearer because of the color of his skin or hair. It is variously found in ancient records in the forms of White, Whyte, Whitt, and Wight. In Lowland Scotland the name comes from the Old English hwit, but in the Scottish Highlands, it is derived from the Gaelic name MacBille Bhain, "son of the fair youth or servant". White and Whyte were adopted by both MacGregors and Lamonts as colour names and is one of the fifty most common in Scotland. Historically, it is said that the White family derives its descent from Roderick the Great 877 A.D., whose descendant, Rhys ap Tudor, King of South Wales, was slain in 1093; and from Otho, who lived in the time of Edward the Confessor, about 1042. Otho was the father of Walter Fitz Otho, who had Gerald Fitz Walter, who married Nesta, daughter of Rhys ap Tudor. Nesta and Gerald Fitz Walter were the parents of Maurice Fitz Gerald, who had Walter White, the first known bearer of this surname. This Walter was Knighted by Henry II in 1171. Robert White, of this line, was a Knight of Yorkshire in 1303. In 1394 Johannes White of North Colyngham, Nottinghamshire, is named in the list of the landed gentry of 1428. Robert White, merchant and mayor of the staple of Calais, made his home at various times in the counties of Hampshire, Kent, and Surrey in the middle of the fifteenth century. Robert, son of Robert of Calais, had two sons, Thomas and John. Thomas, son of Robert, married Agnes Richards and had four sons, George, John, Richard and Thomas, Jr. He was granted three manors in Somerset in 1556 by the king. John, son of Robert, bought lands in Tuxford, Nottinghamshire, and had a son, Thomas, who married Ann Cecil, eldest sister of William, Lord 2 Burleigh. Two members of the White family removed to Ireland about the year 1171. They were Walter White and his brother William (?). Others of the family later made their homes in England. Scots often named children by following a simple set of rules. Don't use these as a firm guide (there were often variations, for all sorts of reasons) but you may find that some of your ancestors used these too: 1st son named after father's father 2nd son named after mother's father 3rd son named after father 1st daughter named after mother's mother 2nd daughter named after father's mother 3rd daughter named after mother The exodus from Scotland to Ulster continued for some years. In July, 1635, a James Blair of Ayrshire, wrote: "Above ten thousand persons, have , within two years past, left this country - between Aberdeen and Inverness, and gone over to Ireland. They have come by the hundred, through this town, and three hundred shipped together on one tide." The founders of the Presbyterian Church in Ulster, were Clergymen, who took refuge, driven from Scotland and England, by the persecuting spirit, abroad then, against Puritans. But in 1637, the Calvinists Confession of Faith was altered. Bishops tinged with Puritanism, were deposed. High churchmen were placed in their stead. Conformity to the Established Church was enforced with pains and penalties. Deputy Wentworth imposed on the Ulster Presbyterians an oath of passive obedience - which became. known as the Black Oath. All Scots were disarmed, less they be inclined to stage a Rising. The Scots in the Laggan came under the sway of Bishop Leslie of Raphoe - "who came down heavy on them." He summoned four Ministers to his court, excommunicated them and sent them to prison, where they were kept for six years. They were- John Hart, Thomas Waite, Adam White and William Semple. A Presbyterian Minister discovered "administrating the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, was fined £100.Some fled back to Scotland. Others, though they could not exercise their ministry, though their stipends were sequestered, changed their apparel to that of countrymen, taking what opportunities they could to preach in barns or glens." The Established Church declared all marriages null and void that were not solemnised in their Church. So many had to be kept quiet. From "The Scot in Ulster." By John Harrison. At the Restoration, in which they heartily co-operated, there were in Ulster seventy ministers in fixed charges, with nearly eighty parishes or congregations containing one hundred thousand persons. There were five presbyteries holding monthly meetings and annual visitations of all the congregations within their bounds, and coming together in general synod four times a year. Entire conformity with the 3 Scottish Church was maintained, and strict discipline was enforced by pastoral visitations, kirk- sessions and presbyteries. After the Restoration the determination of the government to put down Presbyterianism was speedily felt in Ireland. In 1661 the lords justices forbade all unlawful assemblies, and in these they included meetings of presbytery as exercising ecclesiastical jurisdiction not warranted by the law. Bishop Jeremy Taylor was forward in this work of persecution. The ministers refused to take the Oath of Supremacy without the qualification suggested by Usher. Their parishes were declared vacant, and episcopal clergy appointed to them. The ejected ministers were forbidden to preach or administer the sacraments. In Ulster sixty-one ministers were ejected.