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Description of Bermudacaris Harti, a New Genus, and Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from Anchialine Caves of Bermuda

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Description of Bermudacaris Harti, a New Genus, and Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from Anchialine Caves of Bermuda I > 1\27 ~h a -(iOL, PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 1 1 313 ):761-7 75. 2000. Description of Bermudacaris harti, a new genus, and species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from anchialine caves of Bermuda Arthur Anker and Thomas M. lliffe (AA) Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertkbrks hlarins el Malacologie, hlus6um National a' Histoire Naturelle, 55, rue de Buffon, 75005, P2tih. France, e-mail: anker@mnhn. fr (TMI) Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&hl University at Galveston, Galveston. Texas 77553- 1 675, U.S.A., e-mail: iliffelo tarnug.tamu.edu Abstract.-A new genus is proposed for an unusual new species of alpheid shrimp, Bermudacaris harti, inhabiting subterranean anehialine caves on the Ber- muda Islands. This unique cavernicolous new species, has been confused with Autonzate dolichognatha, de Man, 1 888, a species widely distributed in tropical marine shallow waters. The new genus sliows some affinities with Automate de Man, 1888 and can be distinguished from the latter genus by several important features, such as subsjrnmetrical first chelipeds with dactylus in ventral position, and presence of appendix masclilina in males. This rew species is unusual among the Alpheidae in the considerable reduction of corneal pigmentation, especially in female, most likely an adaptation to the cave environment. The presence of few large eggs in the female suggests that the new species has low fecundity and abbreviated larval development, which might result from its troglobitic life- style. The relationships of the new genus to Automate are discussed in some detail. Presumably marine ancestors of this troglobitic species entered anchialine cave: from neighborjizg shailow, marine wa~ers. In an important contributio~to the A rctornate dolichognatha is present1 y knowledge of the cavernicolous caridean considered a widely distributed, pantropical fauna of Bermuda Islands in the Western species found in shallow marine mraters, Atlantic Ocean, Hart & Manning (1981; mainiy on soft substrates (Chace 1972, 453, figs. 56-77) reported Autonzate doli- 1988; Banner & Banner 1973, Manning & chognatha de Man, 1888 from an anchia- Chace 1990). Har; & Manning ( 198 1) is the line cave near Tucker's Town. Hart & Man- first and only report of a member of the ning reported two specimens, and included genus Acctomate de Man, 1888 from caves, short comments on spinulation of pereio- and the authors suggested that the Bermu- pods, branchial formula and color. AI- dan caves could be an "unusual anchialine though a full description of these specime~is habitat" for this species. was not provided, the figures alone were During a \isit to the Smithsonian Insti- sufficient to raise suspicions concerning tution, Washington, D.C. in 1999, the first their identity. Possibly, the two specimens a~thorwas able to examine the two speci- were misidentified because A. dolic.hogrza- mens from Bermuda. A third specimen ttza had been previously reported from identified as Automate dolichognatha, an coastal waters of Bermuda by Markham & ovigerous female, was collected in 1582 in McDermott (1 980, as A. gardineri Couti- Christie's Cave, Bermuda. After compari- &re). Molthuis (1993) used Hart & Man- :,ens of these ~hreespecimens with those ning's (1 98 1) figures in his recent catalogue reported as Automate dolichognatha from of caridean genera. Ascension Isiand by Manning & Chace 762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON (1990), and with several other specimens rounded. Eyestalks subconical, anterior por- reported by Chace ( 1972, as A. gardineri), tion visible in dorsal and lateral views, cor- we have concluded, that the Bermuda spec- neal pigmentation reduced or absent. Man- imens are not A. dolichognatha, but a new dible with normally developed incisor and undescribed species having several impor- molar processes, and with 2-segmented tant features which do not agree with the palp. Ultimate segment of third maxilliped generic diagnosis of Automate de Man, distally armed with slender spines. First pe- 1888, as given by de Man (1 888), Banner reiopods subsymmetrical, equal in size, car- & Banner (1973) and Chace (1988). These ried extended and elevated, with dactylus three specimens could not be assigned to situated ventrally; chelae laterally com- any genus in the Alpheidae, although the pressed, without significant armature; ad- presence of the distinct cardiac notch and hesive discs and linea impressa absent. Sec- the robust first chelipeds clearly indicate ond pereiopods with 5-segmented carpus, that they belong to this family. Therefore, second article longest. Third pereiopods a new monotypic alpheid genus is estab- with dactylus simple, propodus armed with lished herein for this new species. spines. Sixth abdominal segment without articulated plate. Second pleopods of male Material and Methods with appendix interna and appendix mas- culina. Telson distally truncated, with 2 Specimens were examined and dissected pairs of spines on postero-lateral margin; with the aid of binocular microscope and anal tubercles absent. Branchial formula: all original illustrations were made using a pleurobranchs on P 1-5, podobranch on camera lucida. The material used in this Mxp2, arthrobranch on Mxp3, epipods on study remains deposited in the National Mxp 1-3 and P 1-4, setobranchs on PI -5, ex- Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian opods on Mxp 1 -3. Institution, Washington D.C. (USNM), and Type species.--Bermudacaris harti, new in the Muskum National d'Histoire Natu- species. relle, Paris (MNHN). Species included.-Only the type-spe- Measurements of carapace length (CL) cies. and total length (TL) are in millimeters. Etymology.--Generic name derived from Other abbrevia1.jons used in the text: P = the locality of collection, Bermuda Island, pereiopod, Mxp = maxilliped. and the Greek karis, shrimp. Gender is fem- The following specimens were used for inine. comparison: Automate dolichognatha de Man, 1 888, Ascension Island, Atlantic Bermudacaris harti, new species Ocean (USNM 256773), Caribbean Sea Figs. 1-4 (USNM 136069, reported as A. gardineri Coutikre by Chace 1972), Madagascar Automate dolichognatha-Hart & Man- (MNHN 4567, 457 1 ); Automate evermanni ning, 198 1 :44 1, 453, figs. 56-77.-Hol- Rathbun, 1901, Principe Island, Gulf of thuis, 1986:592; 1993: 198, fig. 190 (in Guinea (MNHN 3450). part.).--Manning & Hart, I989:3 13. Automate cf. dolichognatha-Iliffe, Family Alpheidae Rafinesque, 18 1 5 1994:420.--Hobbs, 1994:98, 102 (not Automate dolichognatha de Man, 1888) Bermudacaris, new genus Material examined.--Holotype: oviger- Diagnosis.-Carapace slightly com- ous female (CL 3.9, TL 1 1.3, Bermuda Isl., pressed laterally, smooth; rostrum devel- Christie's Cave, 24 Oct 1982, coll. T. M. oped as broadly rounded median projection; Iliffe, (specimen in excellent condition, not orbital teeth lacking; pterygostomial region dissected, with both first pereiopods at- VOLUME 1 13. NUMBER 3 tached) (USNM 25078 1 ). Paratypes: male ing antennular peduncle; scaphocerite (CL 2.9, TL 10). Bermuda Isl., Tucker's broadly rounded anteriorly, with strong lat- Town, Tucker's Town Cave, 15 May 1980, eral spine reaching to about middle of car- coll. W. Sterrer and T. M. Iliffe, about 12 pocerite; basicerite with small ventral tooth. m deep (USNM 1 840 1 4); male (CL 3.6, TL Mouthparts not dissected (see paratype 1 I ), Bermuda Isl., Tucker's Town, Tucker's description). Third maxilliped reaching far Town Cave, 26 Aug 1980, coll. T. M. Iliffe beyond antennular peduncle when extend- & C. W. Hart, about 12 m deep (USNM ed; exopod short (about 0.6 of length of an- 184015). tepenultimate segment); antepenultimate Diagnosis.-Frontal margin lacking or- segment flattened proximally, slightly en- bital teeth, with rounded, rostral projection; larged and thickened distally; ultimate seg- subconical eyestalks dorsally exposed, with ment triangular in cross-section, bearing ap- reduced corneal pigmentation; first pereio- proximately 12 semicircular rows of strong pods subequal in size and shape, with dac- setae on mesio-ventral side, and several tylus in inverted (ventral) position; articu- groups of spines on distal half of dorsal lated flap on sixth abdominal segment ab- margin; coxa with blunt lateral plate, and sent. slender strap-like epipod (mastigobranch); Description.--Holotype (Fig. 1 a, b). corresponding articulation surface of Mxp3 Ovigerous female carrying 3 large eggs with small arthrobranch. (maximum size 1.3 X 1 mm). Carapace First pereiopods subsymmetrical and al- smooth, without setae or grooves. Anterior most equal in size, possibly carried elevated margin of carapace with short, broadly and slightly twisted mesially (Fig. la); su- rounded, median rostral projection; orbital perior margin of ischium with 3 distinct spi- teeth lacking; infra-corneal angle only nules curved anteriorly; merus triangular in slightly protruding; pterygostomial angle section, not enlarged or excavated, with rounded; ventral margin of carapace several small spinules on superior margin; straight, without emarginations, not. fringed distal margins of merus rounded, without with setae; posterior margin of carapace acute teeth; carpus cup-shaped, with tiny with well marked cardiac notch. Eyestalks spinules on dorsal margin; chela and carpus subconical, enlarged at base, distal half vis- forming angle about 90" with merus and is- ible in dorsal and lateral views; cornea re- chium; chela smooth, compressed laterally, duced, without pigmentation (Fig. 1 b). palm as long as dactylus;
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