A Home for International Exchange 石川国際交流サロン:異文化交流の家
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Rendaku in the Rendaku in the Kahoku Dialect of Yamagata Japan
Novem ber 3rd , 2012 Rendaku in the Kahoku Dialect of Yamagata Japan Mizuki Miyashita - U Montana Timothy J. Vance - NINJAL MkMark IIirwin -YtYamagata UUiniv. ACOL 2012, Lethbridge, AB 1 ACOL 2012 2 Miyashita, Vance, and Irwin Rendaku Morphophonemic phenomenon found mainly in compounds in Japanese. Rendaku in TJ (Tokyo Japanese) /ori/ ‘fold’ /kami/ ‘paper’ /ori + kami/ [origami] ACOL 2012 3 Miyashita, Vance, and Irwin QUESTION How does rendaku surface when a dialect exhibits different voicing contrasts than Tokyo Japanese? Tokyo Yamagata Gloss [mato] [mado] ‘target’ [mado] [mando] ‘window’ [origami] or [oringami]? ACOL 2012 4 Miyashita, Vance, and Irwin Outline Rendaku Background (TJ) YtYamagata (KhkKahoku) dia lec t Yamagata Rendaku Co-existing variations in Yamagata rendaku Dialect Contact Problems toward synchronic analysis ACOL 2012 5 Miyashita, Vance, and Irwin Rendaku in TJ Initial voiceless obstruent is voiced in a compound word (preceded by a vowel) /ori/ ‘fold’ ///kami/ ‘pppaper’ /ori + kami/ [origami] However, rendaku is highly irregular. ACOL 2012 6 Miyashita, Vance, and Irwin Rendaku irregularity Many morphemes do not behave this way, although some cases are systematically constrained for rendaku e.g. Lyman’s Law (Layman 1894). /tori + kago/ [torikago] ‘birdcage’ (bird + cage) * [titorigago] Many morphemes show unpredictable alternation for no apparent reason. e.g. /kami/ ‘hair’ /mae + kami/ [maegami] ‘front hair (= bangs)’ /kuro + kami/ [kurokami] ‘black hair’ ACOL 2012 7 Miyashita, Vance, and Irwin Rendaku irregularity (cont.) Historically speaking, some alternations in TJ involve more than jjgust a voicing difference. That is, /b/ alternates with /h/, not with /p/. (note: /h/ is realized as [ɸ] before [u]) ege.g. -
Automatic Processing of Historical Japanese Mathematics (Wasan) Documents
applied sciences Article Automatic Processing of Historical Japanese Mathematics (Wasan) Documents Yago Diez 1 , Toya Suzuki 1, Marius Vila 2,* and Katsushi Waki 1 1 Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan; [email protected] (Y.D.); [email protected] (T.S.); [email protected] (K.W.) 2 Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Girona University, 17003 Girona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Featured Application: Automatic Method for the detection of kanji characters within histori- cal japanese “wasan” documents. Blob-detector-based kanji detection with deep learning-based kanji classification. Abstract: “Wasan” is the collective name given to a set of mathematical texts written in Japan in the Edo period (1603–1867). These documents represent a unique type of mathematics and amalgamate the mathematical knowledge of a time and place where major advances where reached. Due to these facts, Wasan documents are considered to be of great historical and cultural significance. This paper presents a fully automatic algorithmic process to first detect the kanji characters in Wasan documents and subsequently classify them using deep learning networks. We pay special attention to the results concerning one particular kanji character, the “ima” kanji, as it is of special importance for the interpretation of Wasan documents. As our database is made up of manual scans of real historical documents, it presents scanning artifacts in the form of image noise and page misalignment. Citation: Diez, Y.; Suzuki, T.; Vila, First, we use two preprocessing steps to ameliorate these artifacts. Then we use three different M.; Waki, K. -
Murin-An: Literary Descriptions and Interpretations of Experience in a Japanese Dwelling
Murin-an: Literary Descriptions and Interpretations of Experience in a Japanese Dwelling Mark Bourne A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science University of Washington 2014 Committee: Thaïsa Way Ken Oshima Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Architecture © Copyright 2014 Mark Bourne University of Washington Abstract Murin-an: Literary Descriptions and Experiences of Place in a Japanese Dwelling Mark Bourne Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Thaïsa Way Department of Landscape Architecture The villa of Murin-an was commissioned by the statesman Yamagata Aritomo in 1894. The garden is considered a collaborative product of Yamagata’s vision and the skill of the garden’s designer, Ogawa Jihei VII. Although the garden is described as modern and different, an essay written by Yamagata about the villa reveals a dwelling that draws extensively upon literary and historical precedents. This thesis returns to Murin-an, focusing on dwelling as place-making that involves both material construction and transient behavior. A close reading of Yamagata’s essay challenges essentialist expectations of natural harmony or meditative experience, bringing to light a garden entangled with the history of the site and the incomplete fabrics of culture. Dwelling is made available as the presence of a culturally defined place, and the literary and material references that give rise to the villa emerge in the full thickness of descriptive depth. Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................5 -
Prosodic Size and Rendaku Immunity
J East Asian Linguist (2009) 18:179–196 DOI 10.1007/s10831-009-9044-1 Prosodic size and rendaku immunity Mark Irwin Received: 28 April 2008 / Accepted: 1 May 2009 / Published online: 28 July 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Research has shown there to be a strong relationship between the mora and prosody in Modern Japanese. Recently proposed, although not as yet inde- pendently evaluated, has been a prosodic size rule governing the well-known allomorphic phenomenon of rendaku, by which the initial consonants of non-initial elements in compounds may be voiced under certain conditions. It is claimed that this prosodic size rule flags a native Japanese noun as being rendaku immune, a condition for which no empirical verification has hitherto existed. In this paper the author will demonstrate that, although slight modifications are necessary, a prosodic size rule for flagging rendaku immunity is indeed a reality. Keywords Rendaku Á Sequential voicing Á Prosody Á Mora Á Japanese Á Allomorphy Á Morphophonology 1 Introduction Studies carried out over the past two decades have demonstrated a robust connection between the mora and prosody in Modern Japanese. If the prosodic unit of the foot is taken to consist of two moras, a number of phonological and morphological struc- tures may be generalized, including compound and loanword clipping, hypocoristic formation, accentuation patterns in compounds, reduplication in mimetics, and jazz argot. The aim of this paper is to independently evaluate Rosen’s (2001) claim that a prosodic size rule also governs the well-known allomorphic phenomenon of rendaku. -
Aatj 2017 Annual Spring Conference
AATJ 2017 ANNUAL SPRING CONFERENCE PART ONE Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel, Toronto, Ontario Meeting Rooms (Mezzanine Level): Linden, Cedar, Pine West, Pine East, Chestnut West, Chestnut East Thursday, March 16, 8:30a.m.–4:00 p.m. (On-site Registration and Check-in: Mezzanine Level) Coffee and tea will be available all day in the Birchwood Ballroom, where publishers and other organizations will also be displaying their publications and services. Papers whose titles appear in Japanese in the program will be delivered in Japanese; those with only English titles will be delivered in English 8:30 a.m.–10:10 a.m. — Session 1 SESSION 1-A: PEDAGOGY PAPERS [ PINE EAST ROOM ] Chair: Noriko Fujioka-Ito, University of Cincinnati 「イマージョン教育の児童と卒業生の日本語能力:生涯教育としての日本語教育への示唆」(Language ability of Japanese English immersion children and graduates: Implications for Japanese language learning as lifelong education) Asako Hayashi-Takakura, University of California, Los Angeles; Tetsuo Harada, Waseda University 近年、北米や欧州の大学に於ける外国語教育では内容重視教育 (CBI) が注目されている(Snow & Brinton, in press)。CBIは、 言語学習と内容学習の割合により、様々なアプローチがあるが、中でも学習者が学校教育を受け始める時から教科を第二 言語で学ぶイマージョン教育は、 最も内容中心(Content-Driven)のCBIモデルと言われている(Met, 1999)。イマージョン 教育では、言語と教科を同時に学ぶことを目的としているが(Tedick, Christian, & Fortune, 2011)、言語習得の観点から、正 確さの欠如や習得速度の遅延などが指摘されている(Lyster, 2011)。そのため、高等教育の外国語教育の現場では、イマー ジョン教育を疑問視する傾向がある。 本研究では、カリフォルニア州の公立小学校の日本語イマージョンプログラムの児 童(小学1年~6年)のオーラルコミュニケーション能力を個人インタビューにより横断的かつ縦断的に測定し、言語能 力、談話能力、社会的文化能力、方略的能力の観点から分析した。さらに日本語イマージョンプログラムを卒業後、継続 的に日本語を学習した学習者が、高校入学時にどの程度の日本語能力に達しているかをACTFL OPIの指標に従い、測定し -
Correlation Between Voicing and Nasalization of Japanese Obstruents
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kobe Shoin Women's University Repository KARASHI-DANE Correlation between Voicing and Nasalization of Japanese Obstruents 著者 黒木 邦彦 著者別名 KUROKI Kunihiko journal or トークス = Theoretical and applied linguistics publication title at Kobe Shoin : 神戸松蔭女子学院大学研究紀要言 語科学研究所篇 number 20 page range 61-68 year 2017-03-05 URL http://doi.org/10.14946/00001962 Correlation between Voicing and Nasalization of Japanese Obstruents ∗ KUROKI, Kunihiko Kobe Shoin Women’s University Institute for Linguistic Sciences kujonjaroo9215[at]shoin.ac.jp Abstract In this paper I clarify how voicing and nasalization correlate with each other in Japanese obstruents in an effort to reconstruct the phonemic system of Old Japanese. Japanese obstruents are phonologically divided into two distinctive cat- egories: seion (清音; lit. ‘clear sound’) and dakuon (濁音; lit. ‘muddy sound’). This phonological distinction is based on voicedness for the most part but also on nasality in some cases. The seion p, s, t, and k and the dakuon b, z, d, and g are respectively voiced and nasalized immediately after vowels in Modern Japanese dialects spoken in the Northeastern and Southwestern regions (Tohoku¯ and Kyush¯ u).¯ Taking these geographic variations of sei-daku opposition into con- sideration, some researchers argue that both voicing of seion and nasalization of dakuon occur immediately after vowels in Old Japanese. According to this argu- ment, there are two types of sei-daku opposition based on both voicedness and nasality in Old Japanese obstruents. In order to develop the theory about sei- daku opposition in Old Japanese, I elucidate the following two points concerning the geographic variations of sei-daku opposition. -
Rebellion and Defiance in the Japanese Army, 1860-1931
Culture of Disobedience: Rebellion and Defiance in the Japanese Army, 1860-1931 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Orbach, Dan. 2015. Culture of Disobedience: Rebellion and Defiance in the Japanese Army, 1860-1931. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467476 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Culture of Disobedience: Rebellion and Defiance in the Japanese Army, 1860-1931 A dissertation presented by Dan Orbach to The History Department, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 15th, 2015 © 2015 Dan Orbach All rights reserved Dissertation Advisor: Professor Andrew D. Gordon Dan Orbach Culture of Disobedience: Rebellion and Defiance in the Japanese Army, 1860-1931 Abstract Imperial Japanese soldiers were notorious for following their superiors to certain death. Their enemies in the Pacific War perceived their obedience as blind, and derided them as “cattle”. Yet the Japanese Army was arguably one of the most disobedient armies in the world. Officers repeatedly staged coups d’états, violent insurrections and political assassinations, while their associates defied orders given by both the government and high command, launched independent military operations against other countries, and in two notorious cases conspired to assassinate foreign leaders. -
David Bollen Thesis (PDF 1MB)
C English loanwords in the teaching of English in Japan: A case study analysis David Hugh Bollen B.A. (Hons.) - University of Sydney; M.A. - University of New South Wales; RSA CTEFLA - University of Technology, Sydney Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Office of Education Research Faculty of Education Queensland University of Technology 2018 Keywords Activity theory Case study Cultural-historical activity theory English language learning Gairaigo - 外来語 Higher education Japan Language acquisition Language teaching Loanwords Mediation Socio-cultural theory Wasei eigo - 和製英語 The Loanword Phenomenon – Teaching English in Japan i Abstract This study undertakes a socio-cultural approach to examine how the loanword phenomenon has impacted on the Japanese language, and the teaching of English in Japan. The main research question posed is: How do English loanwords contribute to English language teaching in Japan? Following this are three sub- questions: How do Japanese university students perceive and use English loanwords? Why?; How do teachers of English perceive and use loanwords in teaching English to Japanese university students? Why?; and What is the potential of loanwords to enhance English language teaching in Japan? Cultural-historical activity theory is incorporated into the analysis to illustrate how the teaching and learning activity is currently undertaken and the contradictions that arise from this. An examination of how the current activity systems operate involves the study of tools, resources, subjects, and objects of the systems, along, with an investigation of the elements that facilitate or obstruct learning. The central aim of this study is to investigate how use of loanwords, and an understanding of the socio-cultural approach to language teaching, could assist in effective acquisition of English. -
Chapter 18 Processing of the Japanese Language by Native Chinese Speakers Tamaoka, K
Chapter 18 Processing of the Japanese language by native Chinese speakers Tamaoka, K. (2015). Chapter 18: Processing of the Japanese language by native Chinese speakers. Katsuo Tamaoka In Mineharu Nakayama (Ed.), Handbooks of Japanese Psycholinguistics (pp.283-332), Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter Mouton. 1. Introduction A great number of native Chinese speakers have been learning Japanese as a foreign language. According to the Japan Foundation (Kokusai Kōryū Kikin) (2011), the numbers of Japanese learners in 2009 were: 2,362 at elementary schools, 59,526 at secondary schools, and 529,508 at higher education institutions in mainland China, and 2,440 at elementary schools, 77,139 at secondary schools, and 119,898 at higher education institutions in Taiwan. Out of 128,161 foreign nationals who studied Japanese in Japan in 2011, the largest population enrolled in Japan’s 1,832 higher education institutions were Chinese speakers (63,249 from mainland China and 4,134 from Taiwan) according to the Agency for Cultural Affairs in Japan (Bunka-chō) (2011). Approximately half (52.58%) of the total learners studying Japanese in Japan were estimated to be native Chinese speakers. As the number of learners increases, various issues have been identified in their processing of Japanese. However, many studies regarding these issues have been published in journals in Japan, the majority of which are in Japanese. Given the nature of this handbook, I will introduce a variety of Japanese publications to English-speaking audiences, including the latest studies on lexical pitch accent, lexical access, and sentence processing by Chinese speaking learners of Japanese. While doing so, I will clarify the ultimate goals and issues of current second language processing research. -
Language Skill Development in Japanese Kokugo Education: Analysis of the Television Program Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki No Tsubo
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Fall 12-15-2014 Language Skill Development in Japanese Kokugo Education: Analysis of the Television Program Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki No Tsubo Ruri Yoshii Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, and the Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Yoshii, Ruri, "Language Skill Development in Japanese Kokugo Education: Analysis of the Television Program Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki No Tsubo" (2014). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2074. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2073 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Language Skill Development in Japanese Kokugo Education: Analysis of the Television Program Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki No Tsubo by Ruri Yoshii A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Japanese Thesis Committee: Patricia J. Wetzel, Chair Emiko Konomi Suwako Watanabe Portland State University 2014 Abstract Any type of education implemented by a modern nation-state is, at least in part, a tool for socializing its people. In this regard, Japanese language and literature education, kokugo, has played an important role in Japan by emphasizing nationalism and the integrity of a Japanese identity. According to Ishihara (2007) and Lee (1996 [English translation 2010]), kokugo, since its inception in 1900, has promoted moral awareness and assimilation of Japanese ideals across the country. -
Rendaku Across Duplicate Moras
国立国語研究所論集 (NINJAL Research Papers) 7: 93–109 (2014) 93 ISSN: 2186-134X print/2186-1358 online Rendaku Across Duplicate Moras Mark IRWIN Yamagata University / Project Collaborator, NINJAL Abstract Persistent claims have been made in the rendaku literature concerning the occurrence of two identical, successive moras. When two identical fricative moras occur in succession in tauto- morphemic position (e.g. kare+susuki ‘withered plume grass’), it is claimed rendaku is blocked. Further, if any two identical moras occur in succession in heteromorphemic position (e.g. kizu+tukeru ‘scar, wound’), then it is claimed rendaku is severely restricted. Neither of these claims has been corroborated by statistical evidence and must be placed in the category of ‘lin- guistic urban myth’. In this paper, I will demonstrate by means of a large database that these claims are manifestly false and must be rejected.* Key words: rendaku, mora, dissimilation, rendaku database, linguistic urban myths 1. Preliminaries Rendaku, or sequential voicing, is a well-known morphophonological phenomenon found in Japanese, whereby the initial voiceless obstruent (k, s, t, h)1 of a non-initial element (E2) in a compound may be voiced,2 as in: (1) k ~ g: usu + kurai > usu.gurai thin, faint dark dim, gloomy A number of different factors have been put forward claiming to block, dampen, constrain, or otherwise restrict rendaku. The most important of these—and the only one that deserves the appellation ‘law’—is Motoori-Lyman’s Law (Motoori 1822; Lyman 1894), whereby rendaku is blocked (though see Martin 1987: 115; Suzuki 2005) if E2 contains a voiced obstruent (g, z, d, b): (2) k ~ k: usu + kuragari > usu.kuragari thin, faint darkness twilight, dusk Other major restricting factors include: (3) the right branch condition: Otsu (1980), Itô and Mester (1986). -
Aalgaard MA Thesis
Gimme Shelter: Enka, Self and Society in Contemporary Japan by Scott Wade Aalgaard B.A., University of Victoria, 2001 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Pacific and Asian Studies © Scott Wade Aalgaard, 2011 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Gimme Shelter: Enka, Self and Society in Contemporary Japan by Scott Wade Aalgaard B.A., University of Victoria, 2001 Supervisory Committee Dr. Katsuhiko Endo, Supervisor (Department of Pacific and Asian Studies) Dr. Richard King, Departmental Member (Department of Pacific and Asian Studies) iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Katsuhiko Endo, Supervisor (Department of Pacific and Asian Studies) Dr. Richard King, Departmental Member (Department of Pacific and Asian Studies) ABSTRACT This study examines a genre of Japanese popular music known as enka, and the manner in which devotees of the genre and other stakeholders approach and negotiate with it. Previous academic examinations of enka have tended to locate it as a static musical embodiment of nostalgic ‘Japaneseness’. Relying upon field observations and discussions with enka devotees carried out in Tokyo and Fukushima, I argue that enka are in fact intensely ambiguous, and that the genre ultimately serves as a shelter for historically-specific listeners, one that is deeply implicated in the production of subjectivity and the social. Depending upon the manner in which they intertwine with other ‘texts’ in the listener’s life, enka can act as a homogenizing agent, or as a conduit for heterogeneity and movement – or both.