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The Languages of Japan and Korea

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The Languages of Japan and Korea THE LANGUAGES OF JAPAN AND KOREA The Languages of Japan and Korea provides detailed descriptions of the major varieties of languages in the region, both modern and pre­modern, within PROOFS a common format, producing a long­needed introductory reference source. Korean, Japanese, Ainu, and representative members of the three main groupings of the Ryukyuan chain are discussed !"#$%&'$(#)%$%*+'$*,$-$)*,./'$0"#12 The volume is divided into language sketches, the majority of which are broken down *,%"$ )'3%*",)$ ",$ 4&","/".56$ "#%&".#-4&56$ +"#4&"/".56$ )5,%-7$ -,8$ /'7*3",2$ 94'3*(3$ emphasis is placed on those aspects of syntactic interest, such as speech levels, honor­ *(3)$-,8$3/-))*('#)6$0&*3&$-#'$3"++",/5$:,8'#4/-5'8$*,$"%&'#$8')3#*4%*",)$"!$;"8'#,$ Japanese and Korean. Each language is represented in Roman­based transcription, although its own script (where there is such orthography) and IPA transcriptions are used sparingly where appropriate. The dialects of both the modern and oldest forms of the languages are given extensive treatment, with a primary focus on the differences from the standard language. These synchronic snapshots are complemented by a discus­ sion of both the genetic and areal relationships between languages in the region. With contributions from a variety of scholars of the highest reputation, The Languages of Japan and Korea is a much needed and highly useful tool for professionals and students in linguistics, as well as area studies specialists. Nicolas Tranter$ *)$ <'3%:#'#$ -%$ %&'$ =,*>'#)*%5$ "!$ 9&'!('/86$ %'-3&*,.$ 3":#)')$ ",$ ?-)%$ Asian languages and linguistics. UNCORRECTED 9780415462877_A01.indd 1 1/19/2012 5:11:22 PM @A=B<?CD?$<EFD=ED?$GE;H<I$9?@H?9 Each volume in this series contains an in­depth account of the members of some of the world’s most important language families. Written by experts in each language, these accessible accounts provide detailed linguistic analysis and description. The contents -#'$3-#'!://5$)%#:3%:#'8$%"$3">'#$%&'$,-%:#-/$)5)%'+$"!$3/-))*(3-%*",J$4&","/".56$+"#­ phology, syntax, lexis, semantics, dialectology, and sociolinguistics. Every volume contains extensive bibliographies for each language, a detailed index and tables, and maps and examples from the languages to demonstrate the linguistic features being described. The consistent format allows comparative study, not only between the languages in each volume, but also across all the volumes in the series. The Austronesian Languages of B&'$;",."/*3$<-,.:-.') E)*-$-,8$;-8-.-)3-# Edited by Juha Janhunan Edited by Nikolaus Himmelmann & Sander Adelaar B&'$;:,8-$<-,.:-.')PROOFS Edited by Gregory D.S. Anderson The Bantu Languages Edited by Derek Nurse & The Oceanic Languages Gérard Philippson Edited by John Lynch, Malcolm Ross The Celtic Languages 2nd Edition & Terry Crowley Martin J. Ball & James Fife The Romance Languages The Dravidian Languages Edited by Martin Harris & Edited by Sanford B. Steever Nigel Vincent The Germanic Languages The Semitic Languages Edited by Ekkehard Konig & Edited by Robert Hetzron Johan van der Auwera The Sino­Tibetan Languages The Indo­Aryan Languages Edited by Graham Thurgood & Edited by George Cardona & Randy J. Lapolla Dhanesh K. Jain The Slavonic Languages The Indo­European Languages Bernard Comrie & Edited by Paolo Ramat & Greville G. Corbett Anna Giacalone Ramat The Tai­Kadai Languages The Iranian Languages Edited by Anthony Diller Edited by Gernot Windfuhr The Turkic Languages The Khoesan languages (forthcoming) Edited by Eva Csato & Edited by Raïner Vossen Lars Johanson The Languages of Japan and Korea The Uralic Languages Edited by Nicholas Tranter Edited by Daniel Abondolo UNCORRECTED 9780415462877_A01.indd 2 1/19/2012 5:11:22 PM THE LANGUAGES OF JAPAN AND KOREA PROOFS Edited by Nicolas Tranter UNCORRECTED 9780415462877_A01.indd 3 1/19/2012 5:11:23 PM First published 2012 by Routledge K$L-#1$9M:-#'6$;*/%",$L-#16$EN*,.8",6$A7",$AOPQ$Q@F Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge RPP$B&*#8$E>',:'6$F'0$I"#16$FI$PSSPR Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2012 Nicolas Tranter B&'$#*.&%$"!$%&'$'8*%"#$%"$N'$*8',%*('8$-)$%&'$-:%&"#$"!$%&'$'8*%"#*-/$+-%'#*-/6$-,8$"!$%&'$ authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark noticeJ$L#"8:3%$"#$3"#4"#-%'$,-+')$+-5$N'$%#-8'+-#1)$"#$#'.*)%'#'8$%#-8'+-#1)6$PROOFS -,8$-#'$:)'8$",/5$!"#$*8',%*(3-%*",$-,8$'74/-,-%*",$0*%&":%$*,%',%$%"$*,!#*,.'2 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The languages of Japan and Korea / edited by Nicolas Tranter. p. cm. — (Routledge language family series) 1. Ryukyu islands—Languages. 2. Japanese language—Grammar. 3. Korean language— D#-++-#2$ Q2$ T-4-,U<-,.:-.')2$ V2$ W"#'-U<-,.:-.')2$H2$B#-,%'#6$F*3"/-)2 PL693.R9L36 2012 $ QXV2Y′7—dc23 2011037313 H9ZFJ$XR[\S\QPV\QYK[R\R$]&N1^ H9ZFJ$XR[\S\KS_\PKQRQ\P$]'N1^ B54')'%$*,$X2V`PP4%$B*+')$F'0$@"+-, by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong UNCORRECTED 9780415462877_A01.indd 4 1/19/2012 5:11:23 PM CONTENTS List of illustrations vi List of contributors x Preface xi Acknowledgements xii List of abbreviations xiii Transcription systems xv PART I: PRELIMINARIES PROOFS1 $ P$H,%#"8:3%*",J$%54"/".5$-,8$-#'-$*,$T-4-,$-,8$W"#'-$ Nicolas Tranter 3 2 The relationship between Japanese and Korean John Whitman$ KQ PART II: KOREAN 39 3 Old Korean Nam Pung­hyun$ QP $ Q$ ;*88/'$W"#'-,$ Ho­min Sohn 73 $ V$ ;"8'#,$W"#'-,$ Young­Key Kim­Renaud 123 $ Y$ W"#'-,$8*-/'3%)J$-$.','#-/$):#>'5$ Jaehoon Yeon 168 PART III: JAPANESE 187 7 Old Japanese John R. Bentley 189 8 Classical Japanese Nicolas Tranter 212 $ X$ <-%'$;*88/'$T-4-,')'$ Mark Irwin and Heiko Narrog$ KQY PS$ ;"8'#,$T-4-,')'$ Nicolas Tranter and Mika Kizu 168 PP$ T-4-,')'$8*-/'3%)J$!"3:)*,.$",$B):#:"1-$-,8$?*$ Akiko Matsumori and Takuichiro Onishi 313 PART IV: RYUKYUAN 349 12 Northern Ryukyuan Michinori Shimoji$ _VP 13 Southern Ryukyuan Wayne P. Lawrence 381 PQ$I",-.:,*$ Atsuko Izuyama$ QPK PART V: AINU 459 PV$ 9":%&'#,$a"11-*8"$E*,:$ Anna Bugaeva$ QYP Index$ VPS UNCORRECTED 9780415462877_A01.indd 5 1/19/2012 5:11:23 PM ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE G*.:#'$P$C"%\%54'$1:.5b/$ QR TABLES B-N/'$S2P$ ;"8'#,$T-4-,')'$%#-,)3#*4%*",$)5)%'+)$0&'#'$8*!!'#',3')$"33:#$ 7> B-N/'$S2K$ ;"8'#,$W"#'-,$%#-,)3#*4%*",$)5)%'+)$]9":%&$W"#'-,$&-,c.d/$ alphabetical order) PROOFSxvi Table 2.1 Proto­Japanese­Ryukyuan vowels 26 Table 2.2 Proto­Japanese­Ryukyuan *e 26 Table 2.3 Proto­Japanese­Ryukyuan *o 26 B-N/'$K2Q$ L#"%"\T-4-,')'\@5:15:-,$3",)",-,%)$ KR B-N/'$K2V$A/8$W"#'-,$]9*//-^$>"0'/$)5)%'+$ K[ Table 2.6 Proto­Korean consonants 28 B-N/'$K2R$AN)%#:',%$/',*%*",$-%%')%'8$*,$<-%'$;*88/'$W"#'-,$ KX B-N/'$K2[$ a54"%&')*e'8$/',*%*",)$!"#$4#'\<-%'$;*88/'$W"#'-,$ KX B-N/'$K2X$ L#"%"\W"#'-,$JJ$4#"%"\T-4-,')'\@5:15:-,$>"0'/$3"##')4",8',3')$ _S Table 2.10 Proto­Japanese­Ryukyuan correspondences for proto­Korean *h 30 Table 2.11 Proto­Japanese­Ryukyuan correspondences for proto­Korean *c 31 B-N/'$K2PK$ 95,3"4-%'8$4#"%"\W"#'-,$fg6$fh$ _K Table 2.13 Proto­Korean medial consonant lenition 32 B-N/'$K2PQ$ L#"%"\T-4-,')'\W"#'-,$,:+'#-/) 33 B-N/'$K2PV$ L#"%"\T-4-,')'\W"#'-,$4#",":,)$ __ B-N/'$K2PY$ L#"%"\T-4-,')'\W"#'-,$>'#N-/$-!(7')$-,8$4")%>'#N-/$4-#%*3/')$ _Q B-N/'$K2PR$ L#"%"\T-4-,')'\W"#'-,$4")%,"+*,-/$4-#%*3/')$ _Q B-N/'$_2P$C"%\%54'$1:.5b/$)5)%'+)$"!$!"#$%&'()*+,-./+&. and Yugasaji­ron$ Q[ B-N/'$_2K$E8-4%-%*",$"!$i&*,')'$3&-#-3%'#)$%"$A/8$W"#'-,$ QX B-N/'$_2_$H,%'#4#'%*>'$1:.5b/$3&-#-3%'#)$ VK B-N/'$_2Q$ ;*8$A/8$W"#'-,$3-)'$-,8$8*)3":#)'$4-#%*3/')$ V[ B-N/'$_2V$ ;*8$A/8$W"#'-,$>'#N$',8'#)$ VX B-N/'$_2Y$ ;*8$A/8$W"#'-,$-:7*/*-#5$#""%)$ YS B-N/'$_2R$ ;*8$A/8$W"#'-,$8'#*>-%*>'$):!(7')$ YP B-N/'$_2[$ ;*8$A/8$W"#'-,$-:7*/*-#5$>'#N)$ YP B-N/'$_2X$ ;*8$A/8$W"#'-,$M:-)*\.#-++-%*3-/$!"#+)$ YP B-N/'$_2PS$ <-%'$A/8$W"#'-,$3-)'$-,8$8*)3":#)'$4-#%*3/')$ YV Table 3.11 Late Old Korean verb enders 66 Table 3.12 Late Old Korean auxiliary roots 67 B-N/'$_2P_$ <-%'$A/8$W"#'-,$8'#*>-%*>'$):!(7')$ Y[ UNCORRECTED 9780415462877_A01.indd 6 1/19/2012 5:11:23 PM ILLUSTRATIONS vii B-N/'$_2PQ$ <-%'$A/8$W"#'-,$-:7*/*-#5$>'#N)$ Y[ B-N/'$Q2P$ <-%'$;*88/'$W"#'-,$3",)",-,%)$ R[ B-N/'$Q2K$ <-%'$;*88/'$W"#'-,$3-)'$4-#%*3/')$ [[ B-N/'$Q2_$ <-%'$;*88/'$W"#'-,$8'+",)%#-%*>'$4#",":,)$ X[ B-N/'$Q2Q$ <-%'$;*88/'$W"#'-,$*,8'(,*%'\*,%'##".-%*>'$4#",":,)$ X[ B-N/'$Q2V$ <-%'$;*88/'$W"#'-,$)4''3&\/'>'/$)',%',3'$',8'#)$ PPP B-N/'$Q2Y$ <-%'$;*88/'$W"#'-,$#'/-%*>*e'#$',8'#)$ PP_ B-N/'$V2P$ i",)",-,%)$"!$;"8'#,$W"#'-,$ PKV B-N/'$V2K$B&#''\0-5$3",%#-)%$-+",.$W"#'-,$>"*3'/'))$)%"4)$ PKV B-N/'$V2_$ W"#'-,$3",)",-,%-/$.#":4)$-33"#8*,.$%"$%&'*#$)%#',.%&$ PKV B-N/'$V2Q$ j"0'/$*,>',%"#5$"!$;"8'#,$W"#'-,$ PKY B-N/'$V2V$ W"#'-,$8*4&%&",.)$ PKY B-N/'$V2Y$ ;'-,*,.$-33"#8*,.$%"$%&'$*,%",-%*",$3",%":#$*,$W"#'-,$ PKR B-N/'$V2R$E//"+"#4&5$*,$W"#'-,$,":,$4-#%*3/')$ P_Y B-N/'$V2[$E//"+"#4&5$*,$W"#'-,$>'#N$):!(7')$ P_X B-N/'$V2X$ W"#'-,$)',%',%*-/$+"8*('#$',8*,.)$ PQQ B-N/'$V2PS$ i/-:)'`)',%',3'$%54*,.$4-#%*3/')$*,$W"#'-,$ PROOFSPVP Table 7.1 Old Japanese versus Eastern Old Japanese 190 Table 7.2 Old Japanese consonants 191 Table 7.3 Old Japanese vowels
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