Mineral Commodity Summaries 2000
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U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey MINERAL COMMODITY SUMMARIES 2000 Abrasives Diatomite Magnesium Selenium Aluminum Feldspar Manganese Silicon Antimony Fluorspar Mercury Silver Arsenic Gallium Mica Soda Ash Asbestos Garnet Molybdenum Sodium Sulfate Barite Gemstones Nickel Stone Bauxite Germanium Nitrogen Strontium Beryllium Gold Peat Sulfur Bismuth Graphite Perlite Talc Boron Gypsum Phosphate Rock Tantalum Bromine Hafnium Platinum Tellurium Cadmium Helium Potash Thallium Cement Indium Pumice Thorium Cesium Iodine Quartz Crystal Tin Chromium Iron Ore Rare Earths Titanium Clays Iron and Steel Rhenium Tungsten Cobalt Kyanite Rubidium Vanadium Columbium Lead Salt Vermiculite Copper Lime Sand and Gravel Yttrium Diamond Lithium Scandium Zinc Zirconium CONTENTS Page Page General: The Role of Nonfuel Minerals in the U.S. Economy ... 3 Appendix A—Units of Measure ................ 194 1999 U.S. Net Import Reliance for Selected Nonfuel Appendix B—Terms Used for Materials in the National Mineral Materials ........................... 4 Defense Stockpile ........................ 194 Significant Events, Trends, and Issues ............ 5 Appendix C—Resource/Reserve Definitions ...... 195 Commodities: Abrasives (Manufactured) .................... 20 Mercury .................................. 108 Aluminum ................................. 22 Mica (Natural), Scrap and Flake ............... 110 Antimony .................................. 24 Mica (Natural), Sheet ....................... 112 Arsenic ................................... 26 Molybdenum .............................. 114 Asbestos .................................. 28 Nickel ................................... 116 Barite .................................... 30 Nitrogen (Fixed), Ammonia .................. 118 Bauxite and Alumina ........................ 32 Peat .................................... 120 Beryllium .................................. 34 Perlite ................................... 122 Bismuth .................................. 36 Phosphate Rock ........................... 124 Boron .................................... 38 Platinum-Group Metals ...................... 126 Bromine .................................. 40 Potash .................................. 128 Cadmium ................................. 42 Pumice and Pumicite ....................... 130 Cement ................................... 44 Quartz Crystal (Industrial) .................... 132 Cesium ................................... 46 Rare Earths .............................. 134 Chromium ................................. 48 Rhenium ................................. 136 Clays ..................................... 50 Rubidium ................................ 138 Cobalt .................................... 52 Rutile (See Titanium Mineral Concentrates) Columbium (Niobium) ....................... 54 Salt ..................................... 140 Copper ................................... 56 Sand and Gravel (Construction) ............... 142 Diamond (Industrial) ......................... 58 Sand and Gravel (Industrial) ................. 144 Diatomite ................................. 60 Scandium ................................ 146 Feldspar .................................. 62 Selenium ................................ 148 Fluorspar ................................. 64 Silicon ................................... 150 Gallium ................................... 66 Silver .................................... 152 Garnet (Industrial) .......................... 68 Soda Ash ................................ 154 Gemstones ................................ 70 Sodium Sulfate ............................ 156 Germanium ................................ 72 Stone (Crushed) ........................... 158 Gold ..................................... 74 Stone (Dimension) ......................... 160 Graphite (Natural) ........................... 76 Strontium ................................ 162 Gypsum .................................. 78 Sulfur ................................... 164 Helium ................................... 80 Talc and Pyrophyllite ....................... 166 Ilmenite (See Titanium Mineral Concentrates) Tantalum ................................ 168 Indium .................................... 82 Tellurium ................................. 170 Iodine .................................... 84 Thallium ................................. 172 Iron Ore .................................. 86 Thorium ................................. 174 Iron and Steel .............................. 88 Tin ..................................... 176 Iron and Steel Scrap ......................... 90 Titanium Mineral Concentrates ............... 178 Iron and Steel Slag .......................... 92 Titanium and Titanium Dioxide ................ 180 Kyanite and Related Minerals .................. 94 Tungsten ................................ 182 Lead ..................................... 96 Vanadium ................................ 184 Lime ..................................... 98 Vermiculite ............................... 186 Lithium .................................. 100 Yttrium .................................. 188 Magnesium Compounds .................... 102 Zinc ..................................... 190 Magnesium Metal .......................... 104 Zirconium and Hafnium ..................... 192 Manganese ............................... 106 2 INSTANT INFORMATION Information about the U.S. Geological Survey, its programs, staff, and products may be accessed via the Internet at http://www.usgs.gov or by contacting the Earth Science Information Center at 1-888-ASK-USGS. This publication has been prepared by the Minerals Information Team. Information about the team and its publications may be accessed via the Internet at http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals or by writing: Chief Scientist, Minerals Information Team, 988 National Center, Reston, VA 20192. Information about the team and its publications may also be received from MINES FaxBack. MINES FaxBack is a simple-to-operate automated fax response system that operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. A user needs access to a fax machine with a touch-tone telephone. After calling MINES FaxBack, the requester is guided by a series of voice messages to assist in ordering the desired documents. Information on approximately 90 commodities, 50 States, and 190 countries is now available on MINES FaxBack. MINES FaxBack can be accessed by calling (703) 648-4999, using the touch-tone telephone attached to the user’s fax machine. KEY PUBLICATIONS Minerals Yearbook—Annual publications that review the mineral industry of the United States and foreign countries. They contain statistical data on materials and minerals and include information on economic and technical trends and developments. The Yearbook is published in three volumes: Volume I, Metals and Minerals; Volume II, Area Reports, Domestic; and Volume III, Area Reports, International. Mineral Commodity Summaries—Published on an annual basis, this report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering nonfuel mineral industry data. Data sheets contain information on the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for more than 90 individual minerals and materials. Mineral Industry Surveys—Periodic statistical and economic reports designed to provide timely statistical data on production, distribution, stocks, and consumption of significant mineral commodities. The surveys are issued monthly, quarterly, or at other regular intervals, depending on the need for current data. Metal Industry Indicators—A monthly publication that provides economic indicators of selected metal industries. Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products Industry Indicators—A monthly publication that provides economic indicators of selected industrial minerals processing activities. Materials Flow Studies—These occasional publications provide an understanding of the flow of materials from source to ultimate disposition to help better understand the economy, manage the use of natural resources, and protect the environment. Metal Prices in the United States Through 1998—This publication provides an extended price history for a wide range of metals in a single document. WHERE TO OBTAIN PUBLICATIONS ! Metal Prices in the United States Through 1998, Mineral Commodity Summaries, and the Minerals Yearbook are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. To order by telephone, call (202) 512-1800. ! Mineral Industry Surveys and Metal Industry Indicators can be obtained free of charge by calling (412) 386-6156 or writing NIOSH Printing Office, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236. ! Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products Industry Indicators and materials flow studies are available in PDF format at http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals. ! All current publications are available in PDF format via the Internet at http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals. THE ROLE OF NONFUEL MINERALS IN THE U.S. ECONOMY (ESTIMATED VALUES IN 1999) DOMESTIC MINERAL PROCESSED MATERIALS RAW MATERIALS: OF MINERAL ORIGIN: MINERAL U.S. NATURAL EXTRACTIVE PROCESSING STEEL, ALUMINUM, RESOURCES: INDUSTRIES: IRON ORE, U.S. ECONOMY: COPPER ORE, SAND, INDUSTRIES: COPPER, OTHER METALS, GROSS DOMESTIC BRICK, GLASS, CEMENT, ROCKS, MINERALS, GRAVEL, STONE, ETC. PRODUCT INCLUDING INCLUDING INORGANIC CHEMICALS, WATER, AIR, ETC. $9,260 BILLION MINING, SMELTING,