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Raport Stiintific Si Tehnic 2010.Pdf MINISTERUL EDUCAŢIEI, CERCETĂRII, TINERETULUI ŞI SPORTULUI UNIVERSITATEA DE ŞTIINŢE AGRICOLE ŞI MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ “ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD“ Aleea M. Sadoveanu nr. 3, 700490 – IAŞI, ROMÂNIA Tel. +40-232-213069/260650 Fax. +40-232-260650 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.uaiasi.ro PROGRAMUL 4: “Parteneriate în domeniile prioritare” Categoria de proiecte: PROIECTE COMPLEXE – PC Direcţia de cercetare: 5.1. Contract de finanţare nr. 52-174/2008 Contractor: UNIVERSITATEA DE ŞTIINŢE AGRICOLE ŞI MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ “ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD” IAŞI Parteneri: P1 – Universitatea Bucureşti P2 – Universitatea “Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi P3 - Staţiunea de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Legumicultură Bacău P4 – S.C. “PLASTPROD” SRL Iaşi RAPORTUL ŞTIINŢIFIC ŞI TEHNIC (RST) la proiectul “VALORIFICAREA BIODIVERSITĂŢII FLOREI SPONTANE DIN ROMÂNIA, ÎN SCOPUL ÎMBOGĂŢIRII SORTIMENTULUI DE PLANTE ORNAMENTALE” - BIODIVDECOR Etapa III/2010 Denumirea etapei: “Colectarea, stocarea, înmulţirea şi studiul taxonilor. Studiul materialelor biodegradabile” Director proiect: Prof. univ. dr. Lucia DRAGHIA PROGRAMUL 4 “PARTENERIATE IN DOMENIILE PRIORITARE” 2007-2013 CUPRINS I. Obiective generale …………………………………………………..…… 2 II. Obiectivele etapei de execuţie ............................................ 2 III. Rezumatul etapei ............................................................... 3 IV Rezultate obţinute (descrierea ştiinţifică şi tehnică ............. 5 4.1. Activitatea 1. Analiza activităţii din etapaII. Training. Elaborare plan de lucru etapa III ……………………………………………………. 5 4.2. Activitatea 2. Evaluarea viabilităţii, a capacităţii de înmulţire şi a caracterelor ornamentale la taxonii aduşi în cultură ... 7 4.3. Activitatea 3. Micropropagarea şi multiplicarea in vitro a speciilor spontane cu valoare decorativă ................................... 29 4.4. Activitatea 4. Identificarea şi studiul posibilelor modificări morfo-anatomice ale taxonilor cultivaţi, cu implicaţii în valoarea decorativă şi capacitatea de adaptare …………………………… 39 4.5. Activitatea 5. Studii şi analize biochimice şi de biologie moleculară şi celulară ........................................................... 70 4.6. Activitatea 6. Selectarea taxonilor care corespund obiectivelor proiectului ……………………………………………………………………. 74 4.7. Activitatea 7. Stabilirea gradului de degradare a materialelor textile ţesute ………………………………………………………………. 76 4.8. Activitatea 8. Păstrarea rezervelor de germoplasmă prin tehnica de crioconservare ……………………………………………………………….. 84 4.9. Activitatea 9. Elaborare raport de activitate/experimentare. elaborare lucrări ştiinţifice şi participări la manifestări tehnico-ştiinţifice …………………………………………………………. 87 V Concluzii ...................................................................... 89 VI Bibliografie ................................................................ 90 Cod: PO-04-Ed2-R0-F5 1 PROGRAMUL 4 “PARTENERIATE IN DOMENIILE PRIORITARE” 2007-2013 I. OBIECTIVE GENERALE (OG) Obiectivele generale stabilite prin propunerea de proiect şi respectate pe parcursul derulării cercetărilor se referă, pe de o parte, la introducerea în cultură a unor specii din flora spontană care se remarcă prin însuşiri ornamentale, iar pe de altă parte la obţinerea unor materiale biodegradabile şi reciclabile (prin ţesere şi tricotare), cu utilizare în tehnologia de cultură a plantelor cultivate. Introducerea în cultură a acestor specii nu atrage după sine neglijarea sau micşorarea sortimentului de plante decorative existent ci, dimpotrivă, îmbogăţirea lui cu noi specii de plante, astfel încât să se evite tendinţa de standardizare a speciilor folosite în scop ornamental. Strategia de realizare a scopului propus presupune structurarea întregului program de lucru pe obiective generale–corespunzătoare soluţiilor de rezolvare a problematicii proiectului şi obiective specifice–care au în vedere obţinerea soluţiilor intermediare pentru realizarea finală a proiectului. Obiectivele generale (OG): -OG1–introd. în cultură a unor taxoni cu calităţi ornamentale din flora spontană; -OG2–obţinerea unor tipuri noi de materiale biodegradabile şi reciclabile. Obiectivele specifice (OS): -OS1–stabilirea arealelor de recoltare şi evaluarea sortimentului de plante cu calităţi ornamentale din flora spontană; -OS2–elaborarea tehnologiei de obţinere şi testarea materialelor textile biodegradabile şi reciclabile; -OS3–elaborarea secvenţelor tehnologice care să asigure reuşita procesului de adaptare a plantelor preluate din flora spontană; -OS4–evaluarea capacităţii de adaptare şi menţinerii performanţelor decorative ale plantelor; -OS5–selectarea taxonilor cu performanţe decorative şi de adaptare şi crearea unei baze de germoplasmă. Propunerea proiectului de a studia şi reconsidera valoarea ornamentală şi peisagistică deosebită pe care o pot avea plantele din flora spontană a României răspunde multor cerinţe ale cercetării europene, contribuind la diversificarea utilizării lor ca flori tăiate (în stare proaspătă sau uscate) sau pentru amenajări peisagistice. II. OBIECTIVELE ETAPEI DE EXECUŢIE Studiile desfăşurate în etapa a III-a de execuţie se bazeaza pe continuarea activităţilor demarate în etapa a II-a, respectiv activităţile III.2., III.3., III.4., III.5., III.6., III.7., scopul major fiind acela de a selecta taxonii care corespund obiectivelor proiectului (III.6.). Prin activitatea III.7. se va stabili gradul de degradare a materialelor textile folosite în câmpurile experimentale din anul anterior. Activităţile de cercetare fundamentală şi cele suport sunt asociate tuturor obiectivelor specifice, iar cele de cercetare industrială şi dezvoltare experimentală sunt asociate, în mod corespunzător, pe etape, anumitor obiective specifice. Obiectivele principale ale etapei a III-a a proiectului (2010) sunt următoarele: 2 PROGRAMUL 4 “PARTENERIATE IN DOMENIILE PRIORITARE” 2007-2013 evaluarea viabilităţii şi a caracterelor ornamentale la taxonii aduşi în cultură; analiza materialelor textile utilizate în tehnologia de cultură a plantelor şi îmbunătăţirea parametrilor de biodegradabilitate; stabilirea posibilităţilor de înmulţire la taxonii selectaţi. Activităţile asociate obiectivelor propuse pentru etapa a II-a: - analiza activităţii din etapa II şi pregătirea programului de lucru pentru această etapă; - evaluarea viabilităţii, a capacităţii de înmulţire şi a caracterelor ornamentale la taxonii aduşi în cultură; - micropropagarea şi multiplicarea in vitro a speciilor spontane cu valoare decorativă; - identificarea şi studiul posibilelor modificări morfo-anatomice ale taxonilor cultivaţi, cu implicaţii în valoarea decorativă şi capacitatea de adaptare; studii şi analize biochimice şi de biologie moleculară şi celulară; - selectarea taxonilor care corespund obiectivelor proiectului; - stabilirea gradului de degradare a materialelor textile ţesute; - păstrarea rezervelor de germoplasmă prin tehnica de crioconservare; - elaborarea de lucrări ştiinţifice şi participări la manifestări tehnico-ştiinţifice. III. REZUMATUL ETAPEI În etapa a treia a proiectului s-a urmărit continuarea activităţilor demarate în etapa a doua, procurarea de material biologic pentru comparaţii cu cel existent în cultură, decelarea unor posibile particularităţi morfologice şi biologice ale plantelor care au fost aduse în câmpurile experimentale cu implicaţii în capacitatea de adaptare a speciilor la condiţiile de cultură, stabilirea celor mai eficiente metode de înmulţire, capabile să asigure obţinerea unui număr suficient de exemplare. In anul 2010 au fost studiate 36 specii, din care 22 la Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Iaşi, 5 la Grădina Botanică Iaşi şi 9 la Staţiunea de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Legumicolă Bacău. Unii dintre aceşti taxoni s-au regasit în anul 2009, iar alţii au fost aduşi şi în 2010, având în vedere că o parte dintre cei aduşi iniţial fie nu au răspuns cerinţelor de ordin ornamental, fie nu s-au adaptat condiţiile de cultură “ex situ”, ceea ce a necesitat refacerea bazei de material biologic. Studiile întreprinse în 2010 au fost completate cu studii pedo-ecologice şi pedo-biologice efectuate în arealele de provenienţă ale taxonilor aduşi în cultură, astfel încât, comportarea acestora în condiţii de cultură să poată fi corelată cu specificul habitatului natural. Speciile analizate se pot grupa în două categorii distincte, funcţie de gradul în care ele sunt cunoscute sau cultivate: - specii care nu au fost abordate până în prezent ca plante cultivate în scop ornamental; - specii care figurează în literatură ca potenţial ornamentale, dar cărora nu li s-au stabilit tehnologii concrete de cultivare şi nu au fost promovate în sortimentul de plante cultivate în România. Multe dintre aceste specii au o rusticitate mare, iar prin lucrări de selecţie, la unele dintre ele, se pot obţine cultivare care îşi pot găsi locul în amenajările peisagiste sau în alte scopuri ornamentale. Observaţiile şi comparaţiile efectuate permanent au avut în vedere nu numai gradul de adaptabilitate al plantelor şi şansa lor de supravieţuire în condiţiile noi de 3 PROGRAMUL 4 “PARTENERIATE IN DOMENIILE PRIORITARE” 2007-2013 cultură, ci şi modul în care îşi păstrează însuşirile decorative, fără a fi deteriorate sau diminuate, în vederea stabilirii taxonilor ce corespund obiectivelor proiectului. Au fost luate în studiu specii selectate din materialul biologic existent din anul 2009 (Aconitum degenii, Allium ursinum, Anthemis tinctoria, Artemisia annua, Asarum europaeum, Athyrium felix-femina, Bupleurum rotundifolium, Centaurea phrygia, Dianthus
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