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Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto De Geociências E Ciências Exatas UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS E CIÊNCIAS EXATAS Alessandro Marques de Oliveira PALEOFAUNA DE VERTEBRADOS, COM ÊNFASE EM RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS, DOS DEPÓSITOS QUATERNÁRIOS DA REGIÃO DA SERRA DA BODOQUENA, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL Rio Claro-SP 2013 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Campus Rio Claro Alessandro Marques de Oliveira PALEOFAUNA DE VERTEBRADOS, COM ÊNFASE EM RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS, DOS DEPÓSITOS QUATERNÁRIOS DA REGIÃO DA SERRA DA BODOQUENA, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas do Campus de Rio Claro, da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Geologia Regional Orientador: Reinaldo J. Bertini Co-Orientador: Francisco Sekiguchi de Carvalho e Buchmann Rio Claro - SP 2013 Alessandro Marques de Oliveira 560 Oliveira, Alessandro Marques de O48p Paleofauna de vertebrados, com ênfase em répteis e mamíferos, dos depósitos quaternários da região da Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Alessandro Marques de Oliveira. - Rio Claro, 2013 138 f. : il., figs., gráfs., tabs., mapas + 2 mapa Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Orientador: Reinaldo José Bertini Coorientador: Francisco Sekiguchi Buchmman 1. Paleontologia. 2. Gruta das Fadas. 3. Megafauna. 4. Pleistoceno. 5. Tafonomia. I. Título. Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela STATI - Biblioteca da UNESP Campus de Rio Claro/SP PALEOFAUNA DE VERTEBRADOS, COM ÊNFASE EM RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS, DOS DEPÓSITOS QUATERNÁRIOS DA REGIÃO DA SERRA DA BODOQUENA, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas do Campus de Rio Claro, da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Geologia Regional Comissão Examinadora Reinaldo J. Bertini Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli Pacheco Paulo Milton Barbosa Landin Rio Claro, 30 de agosto de 2013 AGRADECIMENTOS Expresso meus agradecimentos: Ao Professor Reinaldo J. Bertini pela orientação Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia Regional pelo auxilio financeiro concedido Ao CNPq pela bolsa concedida durante a realização deste Mestrado Ao Professor Francisco Sekiguchi de Carvalho e Buchmann pela co-orientação Aos professores Paulo Milton B. Landin, Mírian L. A. F. Pacheco, Sandra Garcia Gabas e Maria Rita Caetano-Chang e pela composição da Comissão Examinadora da Defesa Final Aos Professores Marcello G. Simões e Maria Rita Caetano-Chang pela composição da Comissão Examinadora do Exame Geral de Qualificação À Professora Iracelles pelo uso do estereomicroscópio do Laboratório de Histologia da UFMS À Professora Ângela Delben, do Departamento de Física da UFMS, pelas imagens em micrografia Ao Professor Gilson R. Martins pelo acesso ao material depositado no Muarque-UFMS Ao Senhor Vanderlei, do Posto Locatelli, pelo material doado e concessão de estadia em seu museu na Cidade de Bonito Ao Senhor Domingues, do Assentamento Campina, pela autorização da entrada em sua propriedade Aos colegas do EGRIC (André Martins, Eliza Racy, Sérgio de Toledo, Ricardo Coelho) pelo levantamento da topografia de uma das grutas e auxílios em campo Aos colegas do GESB (Livia Medeiros Borghezan, Rodrigo Borghezan) pelos auxílios em campo e concessão de mapa de uma das grutas ÍNDICE Página RESUMO...............................................................................................................8 ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................9 1. INTRODUÇÃO...................................................................................................10 1.1 Objetivos..............................................................................................................11 2. GEOLOGIA REGIONAL...................................................................................12 2.1. Província Espeleológica da Serra da Bodoquena...............................................12 2.2. Áreas de Estudo..................................................................................................15 2.2.1 Descrição da Gruta Das Fadas..........................................................................15 2.2.2 Descrição da Gruta Forever..............................................................................17 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS.................................................................................19 3.1 Trabalhos de Campo e Laboratório.....................................................................19 4. CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS GRUPOS IDENTIFICADOS..................................22 4.1. Ordem Carnivora................................................................................................22 4.1.1 Família Ursidae............................................................................................... 22 4.2. Ordem Xenarthra....................................................................................... ........27 4.2.1. Família Glyptodontidae.......................................................................... ........27 4.2.2. Família Mylodontidae......................................................................................30 4.2.3. Família Megatheriidae.....................................................................................34 4.2.3.1. Subfamília Megatheriinae.............................................................................34 4.2.4. Família Myrmecophagidae..............................................................................35 4.3. Ordem Proboscidea.............................................................................................37 4.3.1. Família Gomphotheriidae................................................................................37 4.3.1.1. Subfamília Anancinae...................................................................................38 4.4. Ordem Notoungulata..........................................................................................40 4.4.1. Família Toxodontidae......................................................................................40 4.4.1.1. Subfamília Toxodontinae.............................................................................40 4.5. Ordem Primates..................................................................................................41 4.5.1. Família Hominidae..........................................................................................41 4.5.1.1. Gênero Homo................................................................................................42 4.6. Ordem Rodentia..................................................................................................44 4.6.1. Subordem Caviomorpha..................................................................................45 4.7. Ordem Artiodactyla............................................................................................45 4.7.1. Família Cervidae..............................................................................................46 4.7.2. Família Tayassuidae........................................................................................47 4.8. Filo Reptilia (Ordem Crocodylomorpha)...........................................................47 4.8.1. Família Alligatoridae.......................................................................................47 5. TAFONOMIA EM CAVERNAS..........................................................................48 6. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES.......................................................................54 6.1.Sítio Gruta das Fadas...........................................................................................54 6.1.1. Descrição do material paleontológico... ....................................................... 54 6.1.2. Interpretações tafonômicas......................................................................................83 6.1.3. Análises sob Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e estereomicroscópio....................................................................................................92 6.2. Sítio Rio Formoso...............................................................................................99 6.2.1. Descrição do material paleontológico.............................................................99 6.2.2. Breves comentários........................................................................................107 6.3. Sítio gruta não cadastrada.................................................................................108 6.3.1. Descrição do material paleontológico...........................................................108 6.3.2. Breves comentários........................................................................................109 6.4. Sítio Caverna Forever.......................................................................................110 6.4.1. Descrição do material paleontológico.... ......................................................110 6.4.2 Interpretações tafonômicas.............................................................................121 6.4.3 Interpretação da História Geológica da Caverna Forever...........................128 7. CONCLUSÕES.................................................................................................130 8. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS..............................................................132
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