THE STATE of the WORLD's GIRLS 2015: the Unfinished Business Of
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Because I am a Girl THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S GIRLS 2015 The Unfinished Business of Girls’ Rights 1 Because I am a Girl THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S GIRLS 2015 The Unfinished Business of Girls’ Rights S TURE IC P S ANO P Patna, Bihar, India. SPAULL/ JON 2 THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S GIRLS 3 Acknowledgements This report was made possible with the contributions and advice of many people and organisations. With special thanks to all those who wrote articles, poems and stories for the 2015 report: Sally Armstrong Chernor Bah President Jimmy Carter Imtiaz Dharker Julia Gillard Anita Haidary Joanne Harris Liya Kebede Graça Machel Katrine Marçal Catalina Ruiz Navarro Indra Nooyi Mariane Pearl Nawal El Sadaawi Bukky Shonibare S TURE IC P Girls Report Editorial Board: S ANO Sarah Hendriks – Chair, Director of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion, Plan International P Sharon Goulds – Editor and Project Manager of the Girls’ Report series Adam Short – Head of Advocacy, Plan International Jacqui Gallinetti – Director of Research and Knowledge Management, Plan International MILTON/ IANNE L Lucero Quiroga – Gender Advisor, consultant for Plan International Protesters in Brazil. Executive Group: Nigel Chapman CEO, Plan International Girls Report team: Rosemary McCarney CEO, Plan International Canada Sharon Goulds – editor, project manager and author Tanya Baron CEO, Plan International UK Jean Casey – research manager Lili Harris – project coordinator & researcher Reference Group – Plan International: Rosanna Viterri, Kanwal Ahluwalia, Alex Munive, Tanya Cox, Rashid Javed, Kristy Payne, Sarah Hendriks – director of gender equality and social inclusion, chair of editorial board and author Carla Jones, Sara Osterlund, Elena Ahmed, Stephanie Conrad and Keshet Dovrat. Simone Schneider – picture research Special thanks to: Nikki van der Gaag, author of six of the Girls’ Reports; all past members of the 2007-2014 advisory panels Additional research by: Ella Page, Eve Mosley and Mary Bridger who gave so freely of their time and energy; Keshet Bachan; Feyi Rodway for coordinating the ‘Real Choices, Real Lives’ study since its inception in 2006; Jo Lateu, Ian Nixon and Vanessa Baird, from New Internationalist Publications; Steve Tierney from Printed in the Czech Republic by PBtisk s.r.o. ISBN: 978-92-9250-023-8 Alike Creative for the infographics; Jackie Morris for illustrating River Story; Jennifer Schulte and Sharon Smee for background research; all of the participants in the ‘adolescent girl movement’ survey and Fabiola Villarreal Núñez. Design and Production: New Internationalist Publications Ltd And to our translators Corinne Mateo, Ivette López, Fer de la Cruz, Josep Escarré, Jeannette Payen Short, Virginie Sauzon and Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this publication is accurate at the time of going Alistair Cunningham; to the Lancet for permission to reproduce ‘Patriarchy and Violence Against Women and Girls’ by President to press, Plan International cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies. Carter, Bloodaxe Books for permission to reproduce ‘A Century Later’ by Imtiaz Dharker, and The Random House Group Ltd for permission to reproduce River Song by Joanne Harris. The commentary and opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the official policy of Plan International. Thanks to Alma Films for our use of the Champions of Change video. Part of this publication may be copied for use in research, advocacy and education, providing the source is acknowledged. This publication may not be reproduced for other purposes without the prior permission of Plan International. Special thanks to the 4,219 adolescent girls from Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Ecuador and Nicaragua who took part in our ‘Girls Speak Out’ research. And to our research partners Ipsos MORI with special thanks to Rebeccah Szyndler and Olivia Ryan. Unless otherwise indicated, names have been changed in case studies to protect identities. Thank you to for primary research funding. Unless otherwise indicated, dollar values expressed are US dollars. 4 THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S GIRLS 5 Contents Foreword: Graça Machel ...................9 Section 1: Introduction Gathering the evidence – being young and female from 2000-2015 and beyond By Sharon Goulds and Sarah Hendriks.........10 Poem: Half the sky By Imtiaz Dharker ........................21 I M ‘We are the generation of change’ Sally Armstrong, the Canadian journalist and author of Uprising, talks to girls from all over the KOUTANIE MEERI world who are battling to change it...........26 Refugee camp, Niger. Girls Speak Out: Section 3: Learning for life Section 4: Conflict and disaster Measuring Progress: Voices from our research Girls in cities, facts and stats . .84 If I had the power ........................38 The imperative of educating girls Travelling the sidewalks Julia Gillard, formerly Prime Minister of Australia Journalist and writer Mariane Pearl with an Section 5: Men and boys Section 2: Girls in the global economy and current chair of the Global Partnership for impassioned article about women and girls and Education, analyses the good, the bad and the their resilience in the face of disaster..........66 Men hold the power The invisible work force indifferent in the struggle for gender equality in President Jimmy Carter on patriarchy, religion Katrine Marçal, author of Who Cooked education ..............................50 ‘The greatest cause of our time’ and violence against women. ...............86 Adam Smith’s Dinner?, looks at the A photo-essay on the courage of young mothers dominant economic model and ‘What about the boys?’ curated by Liya Kebede, international model and Champions of Change finds that something is missing ..............40 Chernor Bah, a young activist from Sierra maternal health campaigner ................74 Young men from Latin America on battling Leone, talks about girls’ empowerment the stereotypes and why “equality Creating a brighter future and why he is a feminist ...................56 Measuring Progress: makes me happy” ........................90 Indra Nooyi, CEO of PepsiCo, champions Conflict and disaster, facts and stats . 76 the rights of girls and young women Poem: A century later Measuring Progress: at school and at work .....................46 By Imtiaz Dharker ........................63 Tracing the past and building the future Working with men and boys, facts and stats ...94 Anita Haidary, a campaigner from Afghanistan, Measuring Progress: Measuring Progress: talking about her life, her country’s future and Girls in the global economy, facts and stats....48 Learning for life, facts and stats .............64 founding Young Women for Change..........78 6 THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S GIRLS 7 Section 6: New technology Voices of hope: charting the future going forward. Their reflections Sharon Goulds and Sarah Hendriks find Foreword and their different voices should ‘We must become cybernauts’ out what girls want in the years ahead .......120 n 2007 I wrote the foreword help us all to understand why Catalina Ruiz-Navarro, poet, journalist and for the first of the ‘State of the equality between women and activist from Colombia, with an article on Girls Speak Out: I World’s Girls’ reports, welcoming men, girls and boys, sometimes the digital divide in Latin America ............96 Voices from our research Plan International’s report seems an impossible dream; and Empower girls ..........................132 as a significant contribution S spur us on to identify and tackle ER Girls Speak Out: D L to the efforts to document E the root causes of inequality so E E Voices from our research *** discrimination against girls and Th we can come closer to making Communication, information, education ......104 fight gender inequality. I said then that dream a reality. River Song MOORE/ that without gender equality none ff The Millennium Development #BringBackOurGirls A short story from Joanne Harris ...........134 JE of the Millennium Development Goals gave the human family Bukky Shonibare, consultant and member of Goals would be achieved. lives; the challenges and risks of something to strive for, something the #BringBackOurGirls movement, writes *** Now in 2015 we have come increasing urbanisation; working to measure progress against and, about the challenges facing girls in Nigeria to a pivotal moment. A year of with men and boys; and, last sometimes, a reason to rebuke and the role of social media in campaigning ...106 Reference section reckoning for the MDGs and year, ‘Pathways to Power’, which those in power when change the 20th anniversary of the looked at attitudinal, structural was very slow in coming. It has Measuring Progress: References.............................142 Beijing Declaration, when 189 and institutional barriers to gender proved, over all the decades of Girls and new technology, facts and stats ....112 governments signed up to make equality. All the reports tell a struggle that women of my age Plan International’s Because women’s rights a reality. It has similar story – they tell us that we have been engaged in, very hard Section 7: Final words I am a Girl campaign .....................149 been a year to celebrate progress, still have a long way to go – and indeed to make gender equality to call for scaling up action, to they ask: how can we bring about a reality. There is often the ‘When I was a child’ Where Plan International works ............150 question what is hindering gender transformative change in the lives sense that