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Home , Albanians in France, Central Tibetan, Hassaniya Arabic, Hindko, List of lingua francas, Mauritius

Language List by and Place Adapted from Improving the use of translation and interpreting services: A guide to Victorian Government policy and procedures, Victorian Office of Multicultural Affairs, 2003. This is not an exhaustive list.

Country Pashtu, Farsi, , Hazaragi, other Turkic and minor Albanian (Tosk is the official ), Greek , French, Berber Catalán, French, Castilian, Portuguese Portuguese, Bantu and other African languages and Barbuda English, local dialects Spanish, English, Italian, German, French Armenian, Russian English, Indigenous languages German, Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian Azerbaijani Turkic, Russian, Armenian, other Bahamas English, Creole Arabic, English, Farsi, Bangla, English English Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, other English, Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole French, Fon, Yoruba, tribal languages , Tibetan and Nepalese dialects Bolivia Spanish, Quechua, Aymara Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian (all formerly known as Serbo- Croatian); written languages use and English, Setswana Portuguese, Spanish, English, French Darussalam , English, Chinese Bulgarian; secondary ethnic languages French, Indigenous African (Sudanic) languages Kirundi, French, Swahili Khmer, French, English French, English; 24 major African language groups English, French; Indigenous languages Portuguese, Criuolo French, Sangho, Arabic, Hansa, Swahili French, Arabic, Sara, more than 120 languages and dialects Spanish

Country Language , Mandarin, also local dialects (Daur, Kalmyk- China (PRC) Oirat, Lu, Peripheral Mongolian, , Uyghur, Xibe, Zhuang) Colombia Spanish Arabic and French, Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend) French, , Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local Congo, Republic of languages and dialects Congo (DRC) French, Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba Costa Rica Spanish, English Côte d’Ivoire French, African languages (Diaula esp.) Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian (all formerly known as Serbo- Croatian), Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, German, and other languages Cuba Spanish Greek, Turkish, English Czech Danish, Faeroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German, Denmark English French, Arabic, Somali, Afar : English, French patois Spanish Tetum, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesian, English, other Indigenous languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak Ecuador Spanish, Quechua, other Amerindian languages Arabic, English, French El Salvador Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) Equatorial Spanish, French, English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages Estonia Estonian, Russian, Ukrainian, Finnish, other , Tigrigna, Orominga, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, English, 70 others English, Fijian, Hindustani Finland Finnish, Swedish, small Sami (Lapp), Russian French regional dialects (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) French, Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi Gambia, The: English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, Serer-Sine, Sarahole, Pulaar, Maninkakan, Mandjaque, Mandingo, Jola-Fonyi, Creole Georgian, Russian, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Abkhaz German English, Indigenous languages (Brong Ahafo, Twi, Fanti, Ga, Ewe, Dagbani) Greek, English, French English, French patois Spanish, Amerindian languages (23 officially recognised Guatemala Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) Guinea French, Indigenous languages (Malinké, Susu, Fulani) Guinea- Portuguese, Criolo, African languages

Country Language English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, , Urdu Creole, French Honduras Honduras: Spanish, Amerindian dialects, English Hong Kong Special Cantonese, Mandarin Administration Region (SAR) Magyar (Hungarian), other Iceland Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German Hindi, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, , Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, , Assamese, , Sindhi, and 1600+ dialects Bahasa , English, Dutch, Javanese, and 580+ Indonesia languages/dialects Farsi (Persian), Azari, Kurdish, Arabic Arabic, Kurdish, Assyrian Neo Ireland English, Irish Gaelic Hebrew, Arabic, English, Russian Italian, German, French, Slovene Iran Farsi (Persian), Azari, Kurdish, Arabic Iraq Arabic, Kurdish, Assyrian Neo Aramaic Ireland English, Irish Gaelic Israel Hebrew, Arabic, English, Russian Italy Italian, German, French, Slovene Iran Farsi (Persian), Azari, Kurdish, Arabic English, Jamaican Creole Japanese Arabic, English Kazakhstan Kazak (Qazaq), Russian English, Swahili, 25 languages English, I-Kiribati (Gilbertese) , North Korean, South: Korean : Arabic, English Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz, Russian Lao, French, English Latvian, Russian Arabic, French, English English, Sesotho, Zulu, Xhosa English, tribal dialects Arabic, Italian, English German, Alemmanic dialect : Lithuanian, Polish, Liechtenstein Russian Luxermbourgish, French, German Macedonia, former Yugoslav Macedonian (uses the Cyrillic ), Albanian, Republic of Turkish, other Malagasy, French English, Chichewa

Country Language Malay, Chinese, Tamil, English Dhivehi, Arabic, Hindi, English French, African languages Maltese, English Marshall Marshallese, English Arabic, Wolof, French English, French, Creole, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori : Spanish, Indian languages Spanish, Indian languages Liberia: English, tribal dialects English, tribal dialects Libya: Arabic, Italian, English Arabic, Italian, English German, Alemmanic dialect Lithuania: Lithuanian, Polish, Liechtenstein Russian Micronesia English, Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean Moldovan (similar to Romanian), Russian, Gagauz (Turkish dialect) French, English, Italian, Monégasque Mongolian, Turkic, Russian, Chinese Arabic, French, Berber dialects, Spanish Portuguese, Bantu languages The language (formerly Burmese), Karen, Chin, Myanmar Rohingya , German, English, several Indigenous languages Nauruan, English Mongolia Mongolian, Turkic, Russian, Chinese Morocco Arabic, French, Berber dialects, Spanish Nepali, Newar, Maithali, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, and : others The Netherlands Dutch, Frisian English, Maori Nicaragua: Spanish French, Hausa; Songhai; Arabic English, Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, 200+ others Bokmål, Nynorsk (forms of Norwegian) Arabic, English, Indian languages Punjabi, Sindhi, Siraiki (Punjabi variant), Pashtu, Urdu, Balochi, , Brahui, English, , and others Palau Palau Palestinian Arabic, Hebrew, English, French Spanish, English Spanish, English English, (Melanesian Creole English), Hiri Motu, Papua : and 717 distinct Indigenous languages Nepali, Newar, Maithali, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, and Nepal others The Netherlands Dutch, Frisian , Maori Nicaragua: Spanish Niger French, Hausa; Songhai; Arabic

Country Language Nigeria English, Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, 200+ others Paraguay Spanish, Guaraní Spanish, Quéchua, Aymara, and other Indigenous Peru languages Filipino (based on Tagalog), English, regional languages: The Tagalog, Ilocano, Cebuano, others Polish Portuguese Arabic, English Romanian, Hungarian, German Russia Russian, others Kinyarwanda, French, English Paraguay Spanish, Guaraní Spanish, Quéchua, Aymara, and other Indigenous Peru languages Filipino (based on Tagalog), English, regional languages: The Philippines Tagalog, Ilocano, Cebuano, others Poland Polish St. Kitts and Nevis English St. Lucia English, Patois St. Vincent/the Grenadines: English, French patois Samoan, English San Marino Italian São Tomé and Príncipe: Portuguese Arabic, English widely spoken French, Wolof, Serer, other ethnic dialects Serbian, Albanian (once known as Serbo-Croatian); and written language uses Latin and Cyrillic script English, French, Seselwa (a creole) English, Mende, Temne, Krio Malay, Chinese (Mandarin), Tamil, English Slovak, Hungarian Slovenian; Serbo-Croatian English, Solomon Pijin (an English pidgin), 60 Indigenous Melanesian languages Somali, Arabic, English, Italian Xhosa, Zulu, English, Afrikaans, Ndebele, Sesotho sa South Leboa, Sesotho, , Xitsonga, Setswana, Tshivenda South English, Arabic, Dinka, Nuer, Zande Castilian Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque : Sinhala, Tamil, English Sudan Arabic, English, Dinka, tribal dialects Suriname Dutch, Surinamese (), English widely spoken Swaziland English, Swazi Sweden Swedish German, French, Italian, Romansch

Country Language Syria Arabic, Kurdish, French and English widely understood Chinese (Mandarin) Tajik, Russian, Uzbek Swahili, English, local languages Thai (Siamese), Chinese, English French, Ewé, Mina (south), Kabyé, Cotocoli (north), and many dialects Tongan (an Austronesian language), English and Tobago English, Hindi, French, Spanish Arabic, French : Turkish, Kurdish Turkish, Kurdish Turkmenistan Turkmen, Russian, Uzbek Tuvaluan, English English, Swahili, Luganda, Ateso, Luo Ukrainian Arabic, English as a second language English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic English, sizable Spanish-speaking minority Spanish Uzbekistan Uzbek, Russian, Tajik, other Bislama (a Melanesian pidgin English), English, French Latin, Italian, and various other languages Spanish, various Indigenous languages in the remote interior Vietnamese, French, English, Khmer, Chinese Western region , Arabic English, local dialects