DOCSLIB.ORG

INDIAN RICEGRASS Erosion Control/Reclamation: One of Indian Ricegrass' Greatest Values Is for Stabilizing Sites Susceptible to Achnatherum Hymenoides Wind Erosion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INDIAN RICEGRASS Erosion Control/Reclamation: One of Indian Ricegrass' Greatest Values Is for Stabilizing Sites Susceptible to Achnatherum Hymenoides Wind Erosion Plant Guide INDIAN RICEGRASS Erosion control/reclamation: One of Indian ricegrass' greatest values is for stabilizing sites susceptible to Achnatherum hymenoides wind erosion. It is well adapted to stabilization of (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) disturbed sandy soils in mixes with other species. It is naturally an early invader onto disturbed sandy Barkworth sites (after and in concert with needle and thread Plant Symbol = ACHY grass). It is also one of the first to establish on cut and fill slopes. It does not compete well with Contributed By: USDA NRCS Idaho State Office aggressive introduced grasses during the establishment period, but is very compatible with slower developing natives, such as Snake River wheatgrass (Elymus wawawaiensis), bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolata ssp. lanceolata), streambank wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolata ssp. psammophila), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), and needlegrass species (Stipa spp. and Ptilagrostis spp.). Drought tolerance combined with fibrous root system and fair to good seedling vigor, make Indian ricegrass desirable for reclamation in areas receiving 8 to 14 inches annual precipitation. Wildlife: Forage value is mentioned in the grazing/rangeland/hayland section above. Due to the abundance of plump, nutritious seed produced by Indian ricegrass, it is considered an excellent food source for birds, such as morning doves, pheasants, and songbirds. Rodents collect the seed for winter food supplies. It is considered good cover habitat for small animals and birds. @ Grass Images Beautification: Due to its attractive seed heads, Bioinformatics Working Group Indian ricegrass is recommended for roadside, Texas A&M University campground, and other low rainfall locations for beautification. Alternate Names Oryzopsis hymenoides, Stipa hymenoides Status Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Uses Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s Ethnobotanic: The nutritious seed of Indian ricegrass current status, such as, state noxious status, and was one of the staple foods of American Indians. wetland indicator values. Grazing/rangeland/hayland: Indian ricegrass is Description highly palatable to livestock and wildlife. It is a General: Grass Family (Poaceae). Indian ricegrass is preferred feed for cattle, horses and elk in all seasons. 8 to 30 inches tall. It has many tightly rolled, slender It is considered a preferred feed for sheep, deer and leaves, growing from the base of the bunch giving it a antelope in spring and a desirable feed for sheep, slightly wiry appearance. The ligule is about 6 mm deer, and antelope in late fall and winter. It reaches long and acute. It has a wide spreading panicle its peak production from mid-June through mid-July. inflorescence with a single flower at the end of each It holds its nutrient value well at maturity. It is not hair-like branch. Seeds are round to elongated, black considered valuable as a hay species. or brown, and generally covered with a fringe of Plant Materials <http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/> Plant Fact Sheet/Guide Coordination Page <http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/intranet/pfs.html> National Plant Data Center <http://npdc.usda.gov> short, dense, white callus hairs. Indian ricegrass has sites and on sandy soils. It is relatively short-lived fair to good seedling vigor. Seed of most accessions for a perennial grass and reproduces by seed. are very slow to germinate due a thick hull and embryo dormancy. It does not tolerate poorly drained soils, extended periods of inundation, winter flooding or shading. It Distribution is tolerant of weakly saline and sodic conditions, but Indian ricegrass is a widely distributed, short to prefers neutral soils. It can also tolerate fire later in medium lived, native, cool-season bunchgrass the growing season and when the plant is dormant generally found in the plains, foothills, mountains, without serious damage. and intermountain basins of the western United States on dry and primarily loamy-sandy-gravelly sites. For Species often associated with Indian ricegrass include current distribution, please consult the Plant Profile the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) complex, page for this species on the PLANTS Web site. saltbush species (Atriplex spp.), winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), juniper species (Juniperus spp.), needle and thread (Stipa comata) and other needlegrasses, bluebunch wheatgrass, Snake River wheatgrass, thickspike wheatgrass, streambank wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis). Planting: This species should be seeded with a deep furrow drill at a depth of 1/2 to 1 inch on medium to fine textured soils and 1 to 3 inches on coarse textured soils. A deeper planting depth puts the seed in contact with moist soil conditions, which aids in the stratification process and makes the seed less likely to be dug up by rodents. Use of older seed up to 4 to 6 years of age may improve germination and should be planted at 1/2 to 1-inch depth. Seed may require acid washing to scarify the seed and improve germination. Single species seeding rate recommended for Indian ricegrass is 8 pounds Pure B&W Live Seed (PLS) per acre or 24 PLS per square foot Texas A&M University or 24 PLS seeds per linear row foot at 12 inch row spacing. If used as a component of a mix, adjust to Establishment percent of mix desired. For rangeland mixtures, Adaptation: Indian ricegrass is very winter hardy and approximately 30 to 50 percent of the mix or 2.5 to 4 has a broad climatic adaptation. It can be found at pounds PLS/acre should be considered. For mined elevations from 2,000 up to 10,000 feet. It grows lands and other harsh critical areas, the seeding rate best in areas with average annual precipitation of 8 should be doubled. Two separate seeding operations inches to above 14 inches. It has been seeded in may be necessary when planting seed mixes, because areas with as low as 6 inches of rainfall and most species should be planted at shallower depths reproduced. It is also found on sites with than those recommended for Indian ricegrass. This precipitation well above 14 inches. It prefers sandy means that Indian ricegrass should be planted first, course textured soils in its southern areas of followed by the seeding operation for the rest of the adaptation and can be found on sands, fine sandy mix. loams, silt loams, clay loams, gravelly, rocky, to shale areas in the mid-northern areas of its The best seeding results are obtained from seeding in adaptation. It does well on hot, dry southern very early spring on heavy to medium textured soils exposures. In Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and locations and in late fall on medium to light textured soils. to the south, ‘Nezpar’ does best above 6500 feet Dormant fall seeding may improve germination of elevation and ‘Paloma’ does best below 6500 feet dormant seeds. Summer and late summer (June - elevation. September) seedings are not recommended. Seedling vigor is fair to good, but the seed may have a high Indian ricegrass is often an early seral or pioneer percentage of hard seed, and stands may take 2 to 5 species establishing seedlings in open or disturbed years to fully establish. Indian ricegrass stands Seed Production respond well to light irrigation and light fertilization. Seed production of Indian ricegrass has been very successful under cultivated conditions. Row spacing Stands may require weed control measures during of 24 inches under irrigation or high precipitation establishment. Bromoxynil may be applied at the 3-4 (4.0 pounds PLS per acre) to 36 inches on dryland leaf stage for early suppression of young broadleaf (3.0 pounds PLS per acre) is recommended. weeds and application of 2,4-D should not be made Cultivation will be needed for weed control and to until plants have reached the 4-6 leaf stage or later. maintain row culture. Mow when weeds are beginning to bloom to reduce weed seed development. Grasshoppers may damage Seed fields are productive for about five years. Fall new stands and other insects and use of pesticides moisture, soil fertility, and plant re-growth determine may be required. All herbicides and pesticides the succeeding years yield. Birds will feed on seed, should be applied according to the label. and wind can shatter seed from inflorescence prior to harvest. Average production of 100 to 200 pounds Management per acre can be expected under dryland conditions in Indian ricegrass establishes slowly and new seedings 14 inch plus rainfall areas. Average production of should not be grazed until at least late summer or fall 300 to 400 pounds per acre can be expected under of the second growing season. It makes its initial irrigated conditions. Harvesting can be completed by growth in early spring and matures seed by mid direct combining in the hard dough stage or by wind- summer. rowing. Windrowing helps ensure a more complete threshing. Indian ricegrass is so indeterminate that New stands should not be grazed until the plants are windrowing allows final curing in the swath prior to reproducing by seed. Indian ricegrass benefits from combining. Windrowing also reduces the risk of grazing use if it is moderately grazed in winter and wind damage. It is very difficult to thrash all the early spring. Livestock should be removed while seed if direct combined, and it may be beneficial to there is still enough growing season moisture to re-thrash windrows after a few days for seed not allow recovery, growth, and production of seed. threshed in the first operation. Seed heads have Stands will deteriorate under heavy spring grazing moderate to high rates of shatter and require close systems. scrutiny of maturing stands. Seed is generally harvested in early July to early August. Seed must be The third and fourth years following establishment dried immediately after combining (moisture content may be critical to stand survival.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taxonomical Notes on the Genus Piptatherum P. Beauv
    TAXONOMICAL NOTES ON THE GENUS PIPTATHERUM P. BEAUV. (POACEAE) IN IRAN ee & M. Assadi׳B. Hamzeh Received 2015. 02. 20; accepted for publication 2015. 05. 12 ee, B. & Assadi, M. 2015. 06. 30: Taxonomical notes on the genus Piptatherum P. Beauv. (Poaceae) in׳Hamzeh Iran. –Iran. J. Bot. 21 (1): 01-09. Tehran. Piptatherum denaense is described as a new species from south west of Iran, Dena Mountain. It is close to P. laterale but differs from it by having glabrous lemma in lower half and toward the apex, narrower vegetative shoots and unbearded anthers. Piptatherum holciforme subsp. holciforme var. glabrum is not accepted as a distinct variety. Piptatherum sphacelatum formerly known as a synonym of P. molinioides is established as a separate species due to having distinct morphological characters as well as molecular differences based on literature. Thus, the number of taxa in the genus Piptatherum changes to 9 species, 2 subspecies and 4 varieties in Iran. An identification key to Piptatherum taxa occuring in Iran is provided. The distribution map of P. denaense with P. laterale subsp. laterale and the illustration of the new species are included. ee (correspondence <[email protected]>) & Mostafa Assadi, Research Institute of Forests and׳Behnam Hamzeh Rangelands, P. O. Box: 13185-116, Tehran, Iran. Key words: Piptatherum; Poaceae; new species; new synonym; reestablished species; Iran ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻲ در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﻨﺲ .Poaceae ) Piptatherum P. Beauv) در اﻳﺮان ﺑﻬﻨﺎم ﺣﻤﺰة، اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ اﺳﺪي، اﺳﺘﺎد ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮر Piptatherum denaense ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ از ﻛﻮه دﻧﺎ در ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان ﺷﺮح داده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد.
    [Show full text]
  • Grazing Potential and Management: Knapweeds Are Generally Unpalatable to Livestock, Especially When Mature. Nutritive Value of R
    Grazing potential and management: Knapweeds are generally unpalatable to livestock, especially when mature. Nutritive value of rosette and bud stages is high (protein levels similar to alfalfa). Methods of grazing of knapweeds and starthistle without damaging associated more desirable forage species have not been developed except in isolated cases. Knapweeds are aggressive invaders and quickly dominate disturbed areas in rangeland or pasture. Management that maintains the vigor of perennial vegetation can slow, but not prevent, the invasion of knapweeds. Poisonous or mechanical injury properties: The spines of yellow starthistle may cause mechanical injury to livestock. Yellow starthistle and Russian knapweed cause "chewing disease" (nigropallidal encephalomalacia) in horses. Rehabilitation potential: The best strategies for knapweeds combine prevention, containment and controL Herbicides can be used effectively to prevent spread, eliminate new infestations, and as part of rehabilitation programs for more productive land. The knapweeds, except Russian, are easily killed with herbicides, but produce large numbers of seeds and will reoccupy the site unless desired competitive vegetation is established. In northeastern Washington, pastures were rehabilitated by selective herbicide followed by nitrogen fertilizer to revitalize the remnant perennial grasses. Biological control insects include 3 gall-forming flies (Urophora spp.), a seed-feeding fly (Chaetorellia), 3 seed-feeding weevils (Bangasternus, Larinus and Eustenopus), a root-feeding beetle (Sphenoptera), a seed-feeding moth (Metzneria), and a root-feeding moth (Agapeta). The goal is to establish enough host-specific insects to overgraze the weed and limit its competitiveness. For further information, refer to Knapweeds of Washington (EB1393), Meadow Knapweed (EB1524) and the Pacific Northwest Weed Control Handbook.
    [Show full text]
  • Types of American Grasses
    z LIBRARY OF Si AS-HITCHCOCK AND AGNES'CHASE 4: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM oL TiiC. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE United States National Herbarium Volume XII, Part 3 TXE&3 OF AMERICAN GRASSES . / A STUDY OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF GRASSES DESCRIBED BY LINNAEUS, GRONOVIUS, SLOANE, SWARTZ, AND MICHAUX By A. S. HITCHCOCK z rit erV ^-C?^ 1 " WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Issued June 18, 1908 ii PREFACE The accompanying paper, by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Systematic Agrostologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, u entitled Types of American grasses: a study of the American species of grasses described by Linnaeus, Gronovius, Sloane, Swartz, and Michaux," is an important contribution to our knowledge of American grasses. It is regarded as of fundamental importance in the critical sys- tematic investigation of any group of plants that the identity of the species described by earlier authors be determined with certainty. Often this identification can be made only by examining the type specimen, the original description being inconclusive. Under the American code of botanical nomenclature, which has been followed by the author of this paper, "the nomenclatorial t}rpe of a species or subspecies is the specimen to which the describer originally applied the name in publication." The procedure indicated by the American code, namely, to appeal to the type specimen when the original description is insufficient to identify the species, has been much misunderstood by European botanists. It has been taken to mean, in the case of the Linnsean herbarium, for example, that a specimen in that herbarium bearing the same name as a species described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum must be taken as the type of that species regardless of all other considerations.
    [Show full text]
  • Petroleum Coke and Plants: Impact on Growth and Physiology
    Petroleum coke and plants: Impact on growth and physiology By: Colin Keiji Nakata A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of; MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Botany University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB., Canada March 14th,2007 Copyright A 2007 by Colin Keiji Nakata THE TJNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STT]DIES ****:* COPYRIGHT PERMISSION Petroleum coke and Plants: Impact on growth and PhYsiolog¡r BY Colin Keiji Nakata A Thesis/Practicum submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Colin Keiji Nakata @2007 permission has been granted to the Library of the University of Manitoba to lend or sell copies of this thesigpracticum,io the National Library of Canada to microfîlm this thesis and to lend or sell copies of túe film, aná to University Microfilms rnc. to publish an abstract of this thesis/practicum. This reproduction or copy of this thesis has been made available by authority of the copyright owner solóty for the purpose of private study and research, and may only be reproduced and copied owner. as permitied by copyright laws or with express written authorization from the copyright l1 Ansrnacr: Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of coke, a by-product of the oil sand industry, on the emergence, growth and physiology of Triticum aestivum, Deschampsia caespitosa, Calamagr-ostis canadensis, Agropyron trachycaulum, Oryzopsis hymenoides, Fragaria virginiana and Cornus set"icea. Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in plant tissues was also determined.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1 CREATING A WILDLIFE FRIENDLY YARD ......................................................................2 With Plant Variety Comes Wildlife Diversity...............................................................2 Existing Yards....................................................................................................2 Native Plants ......................................................................................................3 Why Choose Organic Fertilizers?......................................................................3 Butterfly Gardens...............................................................................................3 Fall Flower Garden Maintenance.......................................................................3 Water Availability..............................................................................................4 Bird Feeders...................................................................................................................4 Provide Grit to Assist with Digestion ................................................................5 Unwelcome Visitors at Your Feeders? ..............................................................5 Attracting Hummingbirds ..................................................................................5 Cleaning Bird Feeders........................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Apparent Competition with Bromus Tectorum Through Pyrenophora Semeniperda Reduces Establishment of Native Grasses
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2011-03-16 Apparent Competition with Bromus tectorum Through Pyrenophora semeniperda Reduces Establishment of Native Grasses Katherine Temus Merrill Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Merrill, Katherine Temus, "Apparent Competition with Bromus tectorum Through Pyrenophora semeniperda Reduces Establishment of Native Grasses" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 2956. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2956 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Apparent competition with Bromus tectorum through Pyrenophora semeniperda reduces establishment of native grasses Katherine T. Merrill A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Phil S. Allen, Chair Susan E. Meyer Samuel B. St. Clair Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University April 2011 Copyright © 2010 Katherine T. Merrill All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Apparent competition with Bromus tectorum through Pyrenophora semeniperda reduces establishment of native grasses Katherine T. Merrill Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, BYU Master of Science Contributing to the success of Bromus tectorum in the Intermountain West may be a mechanism called apparent competition, which occurs when one species increases the pressure of a consumer on a second species. This indirect interaction has been documented only a few times in invasive plant systems, and never in a fungal pathosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Physiological Traits and Species Abundance to Invasion Resistance
    Linking physiological traits and species abundance to invasion resistance Jeremy James Framework • Plant community composition influences ecosystem properties • Much emphasis on effects of functional group diversity on ecosystem properties • Invasive plant management can be improved by managing plant communities based on functional traits as opposed to functional groups Outline • An example of how functional traits influence ecosystem properties (N capture and invasion) – Traits related to N capture – Trait effects on ecosystems are moderated by species abundance • What traits might be important to consider when revegetating areas prone to weed invasion? – At the seedling stage traits affecting initial growth rate important • Conclusions and future directions Functional group diversity, nitrogen capture and invasion resistance Study site Group Code Common Name Scientific Name Annual BRTE cheatgrass Bromus tectorum L. Annual TACA medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski Bunchgrass PSSP bluebunch wheatgrass Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Löve Bunchgrass ELEL bottlebrush squirreltail Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey Bunchgrass POSE Sandberg’s bluegrass Poa secunda J. Presl Forb LOTR nineleaf biscuitroot Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose Forb CRIN grey hawksbeard Crepis intermedia Gray Experimental design • 15N was injected into soils around 7 study species • Injections were made: – 3 times during the growing season (April, May June) – At 2 soil depth (2-7 cm, 17-22 cm) + - – Using 2 forms of N (NH4 , NO3 ) • Removal plots
    [Show full text]
  • Predicting Foundation Bunchgrass Species Abundances: Model-Assisted Decision-Making in Protected-Area Sagebrush Steppe 1, 2 3 3 4 THOMAS J
    #825 Predicting foundation bunchgrass species abundances: model-assisted decision-making in protected-area sagebrush steppe 1, 2 3 3 4 THOMAS J. RODHOUSE, KATHRYN M. IRVINE, ROGER L. SHELEY, BRENDA S. SMITH, SHIRLEY HOH, 5 5 DANIEL M. ESPOSITO, AND RICARDO MATA-GONZALEZ 1Upper Columbia Basin Network, National Park Service, 63095 Deschutes Market Road, Bend, Oregon 97701 USA 2Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, Montana 59715 USA 3Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 67826-A, Highway 205, Burns, Oregon 97720 USA 4John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, National Park Service, 32651 Highway 19, Kimberly, Oregon 97848 USA 5Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA Citation: Rodhouse, T. J., K. M. Irvine, R. L. Sheley, B. S. Smith, S. Hoh, D. M. Esposito, and R. Mata-Gonzalez. 2014. Predicting foundation bunchgrass species abundances: model-assisted decision-making in protected-area sagebrush steppe. Ecosphere 5(9):108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00169.1 Abstract. Foundation species are structurally dominant members of ecological communities that can stabilize ecological processes and influence resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasion. Being common, they are often overlooked for conservation but are increasingly threatened from land use change, biological invasions, and over-exploitation. The pattern of foundation species abundances over space and time may be used to guide decision-making, particularly in protected areas for which they are iconic. We used ordinal logistic regression to identify the important environmental influences on the abundance patterns of bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), Thurber’s needlegrass (Achnatherum thurber- ianum), and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda) in protected-area sagebrush steppe.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of a Working Group on Forages: Eighth Meeting
    European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic 2525 Report of a Working Resources Networks ECP GR Group on Forages Eighth Meeting, 10 –12 April 2003, Linz, Austria B. Boller, E. Willner, L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers <www.futureharvest.org> IPGRI is a Future Harvest Centre supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic 2525 Report of a Working Resources Networks ECP GR Group on Forages Eighth Meeting, 10 –12 April 2003, Linz, Austria B. Boller, E. Willner, L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers ii REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP ON FORAGES: EIGHTH MEETING The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well-being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 Future Harvest Centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. IPGRI has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Improving Livelihoods in Commodity-based Systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Serrated Tussock (Nassella Trichotoma): Is It Worth
    94 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.13(2) 1998 itch grass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) as a Biological control of serrated tussock (Nassella case study, he found that highly specific fungal pathogens occur on this grassy trichotoma): Is it worth pursuing? weed in its centre of origin (Evans 1995). Indeed, both the rust and smut species D.T. BrieseA and H.C. EvansB under evaluation proved to be too specific A CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. with clearly defined pathotype-biotype associations. Thus, it is probable that a B IIBC, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7TA, United Kingdom. suite of pathotypes will have to be selected in order to cover the range of weed bio- Summary measures, revolving around the use of the types present in the neotropical target area. The potential for biological control of the herbicide fluproponate, have not pre- Nonetheless, the view that natural en- weedy grass, Nassella trichotoma, in vented the continued spread of the weed emies of grasses are not sufficiently spe- Australia is discussed in the light of re- (Campbell and Vere 1995). It is clear that cific and that the risk to economically-im- cent surveys for pathogens in its native other control options need to be investi- portant species of grass is too great to per- range and an improved understanding of gated in order to develop a more effective mit implementation of classical biological the taxonomic relationships of Nassella management strategy for this weed. One control remains a common one, and has to other Australian and South American such option is classical biological control; discouraged such projects in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Cumulative-Germination Response of Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum L.) and Five Perennial Bunchgrass Species to Simulated Field-Temperature Regimes
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2010 A comparison of cumulative-germination response of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and five perennial bunchgrass species to simulated field-temperature regimes Stuart P. Hardegree USDA-Agricultural Research Service, [email protected] Corey A. Moffet USDA-Agricultural Research Service Bruce A. Roundy Brigham Young University Thomas A. Jones USDA-Agricultural Research Service Stephen J. Novak Boise State University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Part of the Agricultural Science Commons Hardegree, Stuart P.; Moffet, Corey A.; Roundy, Bruce A.; Jones, Thomas A.; Novak, Stephen J.; Clark, Patrick E.; Pierson, Frederick B.; and Flerchinger, Gerald N., "A comparison of cumulative-germination response of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and five perennial bunchgrass species to simulated field- temperature regimes" (2010). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 855. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/855 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University
    [Show full text]
  • Poaceae: Pooideae) Based on Plastid and Nuclear DNA Sequences
    d i v e r s i t y , p h y l o g e n y , a n d e v o l u t i o n i n t h e monocotyledons e d i t e d b y s e b e r g , p e t e r s e n , b a r f o d & d a v i s a a r h u s u n i v e r s i t y p r e s s , d e n m a r k , 2 0 1 0 Phylogenetics of Stipeae (Poaceae: Pooideae) Based on Plastid and Nuclear DNA Sequences Konstantin Romaschenko,1 Paul M. Peterson,2 Robert J. Soreng,2 Núria Garcia-Jacas,3 and Alfonso Susanna3 1M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Tereshchenkovska 2, 01601 Kiev, Ukraine 2Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, District of Columbia 20013-7012 USA. 3Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Botanic Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., E08038 Barcelona, Spain Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Abstract—The Stipeae tribe is a group of 400−600 grass species of worldwide distribution that are currently placed in 21 genera. The ‘needlegrasses’ are char- acterized by having single-flowered spikelets and stout, terminally-awned lem- mas. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of the Stipeae (including all genera except Anemanthele) using a total of 94 species (nine species were used as outgroups) based on five plastid DNA regions (trnK-5’matK, matK, trnHGUG-psbA, trnL5’-trnF, and ndhF) and a single nuclear DNA region (ITS).
    [Show full text]