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El Género Disciseda (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) En La Planicie Central Del Desierto Chihuahuense, México

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El Género Disciseda (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) En La Planicie Central Del Desierto Chihuahuense, México El género Disciseda (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) en la Planicie Central del Desierto Chihuahuense, México Marcos Lizárraga 1, Martín Esqueda 2, Aldo Gutiérrez 2, Carolina Piña 2, Felipe Barredo-Pool 3 1Universidad Autónoma de Cd. Juárez. Anillo Envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32300 Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, México. 2Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Apartado postal 1735, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México.3Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 # 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México 0 1 The genus (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) in the Central Plains of the 0 2 Disciseda Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico , 7 4 - 1 4 Abstract. As a result of seasonal sampling over one year at 10 sites in the Central Plains of the : 2 Chihuahuan Desert, a study of the genus is presented. Twenty-nine collections 3 Disciseda A were studied and from them five species were identified: , , Í D. bovista D. candida D. G , and . Although all species were observed in O hyalothrix D. stuckertii D. verrucosa L O microphyllous desert scrub, was the most frequently collected species. The C D. hyalothrix I M majority of the specimens were collected under or close to Prosopis glandulosa in sandy soils. E and are new records for the Chihuahuan mycobiota. The phenology D D. bovista D. stuckertii A and chorology along with the macro and microscopic characters of each species, including N A spore ornamentation under SEM, are outlined. C I X Key words: Agaricomycetes, Lycoperdaceae, taxonomy, chorology. E M A T S Resumen. Se presenta un estudio del género Disciseda como resultado del muestreo I V estacional durante un año, en 10 localidades de la Planicie del Desierto Central E R Chihuahuense. Se obtuvieron 29 colecciones, de las cuales se determinaron 5 especies: D. / , , , y . Aunque todos los taxones se bovista D. candida D. hyalothrix D. stuckertii D. verrucosa o observaron en matorral desértico micrófilo, fue la especie más frecuentemente c D. hyalothrix i x recolectada. La mayoría de los especímenes se recolectaron cerca o debajo de é Prosopis M n en suelo arenoso. y son nuevos registros para la micobiota e glandulosa D. bovista D. stuckertii a chihuahuense. Para cada especie se presenta su fenología y corología, así como sus s e r características macro y microscópicas, incluyendo la ornamentación de las esporas en el p m I . MEB. a í g o Palabras clave: Agaricomycetes, Lycoperdaceae, taxonomía, corología. l o c i M e Received 4 June 2010; accepted 10 November 2010. d a n Recibido 4 de junio 2010; aceptado 10 de noviembre 2010. a c i x . e M a t s i Introducción v Desierto Chihuahuense, aunque recientemente Moreno et al. e R 0 (2010) citaron algunas especies asociadas con este tipo de 1 0 2 El Desierto Chihuahuense cubre un área aproximada de vegetación. © 630,000 km 2 , con una gran riqueza biológica, El género Disciseda Czern., se caracteriza por sus aproximadamente un 30 % de las especies de cactáceas del basidiomas sésiles, globosos, subglobosos o comprimidos al mundo crecen en esta zona (WWF-México, 2007). No se madurar. Exoperidio efímero, permaneciendo algunos restos conocen estudios sistemáticos referentes a hongos en el en la base mezclado con suelo o arena en forma de casco. Endoperidio membranáceo, permanente, con un poro apical Autor para correspondencia: Martín Esqueda L [email protected] en la parte superior. Gleba sin columela ni subgleba. Capilicio A N I G I R O de tipo Lycoperdon que se desarticula a la altura de los septos. los sitios georeferenciados con un GPS Garmin modelo eTrex L A N I Esporas globosas, subglobosas a ovoides; lisas, verrucosas, Vista HCx. Los basidiomas se caracterizaron de acuerdo a las G I R reticuladas o con estructuras digitiformes (Cunningham, técnicas convencionales en micología (Cifuentes et al., O 1944; Ahmad, 1950; Mitchel et al., 1975; Calonge, 1998; 1986). A nivel de campo, en cuanto a tamaño, color, hábitat, Moreno et al., 2007). Con base en estudios moleculares se hábito y reacciones microquímicas. En el laboratorio se transfirió Disciseda de Lycoperdaceae (Lycoperdales) a hicieron preparaciones de las diversas colecciones y se Agaricaceae (Agaricales) (Kirk et al., 2001). montaron en KOH 5 %, solución de Melzer, azul de algodón e s n En la revisión sobre los macromicetes citados de en lactofenol, rojo neutro 1 % en solución acuosa, para el e u h México, Guzmán y Herrera (1973) enlistaron las siguientes análisis de las reacciones químicas y descripciones a nivel a u h i especies de Disciseda: D. bovista (Klotzsch) Henn., D. microscópico de las especies. h C o t brandegei (Lloyd) Zeller, D. candida (Schwein.) Lloyd La identificación se realizó con base en bibliografía r e i s (citada como D. calva (Z. Moravec) Z. Moravec), D. especifica como Coker & Couch (1928), Cunningham e D l subterranea (Peck) Coker & Couch), D. hollosiana Henn. y (1944), Bottomley (1948), Calonge (1998), entre otros. Varias e d l a D. stuckertii (Speg.) G. Moreno, Esqueda & Altés (citada recolecciones se observaron bajo el microscopio electrónico r t n e como D. muelleri (Berk.) G. Cunn.). Después Laferriére & de barrido Zeiss DSM 950, las cuales previamente se C e i c Gilbertson (1992) registraron D. hyalothrix (Cooke & procesaron en un Polaron E-2000 durante 1 min a 1.2 Kv y 20 i n a l Massee) Hollós para Chihuahua y Esqueda et al. (1995) para mA, en una atmósfera de argón para obtener una cubierta de P a l Sonora (citada en ambos trabajos como D. pedicellata oro de 500 Å. Los especímenes están depositados en la n e ) (Morgan) Hollós). En este último estudio se incluyó colección de macromicetos del Centro de Estudios Superiores e a e Disciseda cervina (Berk.) Hollós. Posteriormente Pérez-Siva del Estado de Sonora (CESUES), con duplicados en la c a c i r et al. (2000) citaron para Sonora, Disciseda verrucosa G. Universidad Autónoma de Cd. Juárez (UACJ): Los nombres a g A Cunn. de los colectores aparecen en mayúsculas M. Lizárraga (ML), , s e l a 0 A nivel mundial se aceptan 15 especies de Disciseda C. Salazar (CS), D. López (DL), D. Sáenz (DS), F. Félix (FF), c 1 Figuras 1-9: Imágenes de los ejemplares estudiados del género Disciseda. 1: D. bovista CESUES 9007. 2: D. bovista CESUES 9081. 3: D. i r 0 candida CESUES 9021. 4: D. hyalothrix CESUES 9045. 5: D. hyalothrix CESUES 9009. 6-7: D. stuckertii CESUES 9047. 8: D. verrucosa a 2 (Calonge, 1998) y para México se conocen nueve, de las M. Vargas (MV), E. Hernández (EH), A. Gutiérrez (AG) y A. g , CESUES 9043. 9: D. verrucosa CESUES 9055. Barra de escala= 1 µm. A ( 2 a 3 cuales hasta el momento, cinco están presentes en Chihuahua. Sánchez (AS). d A e Í s i G Debido a todo lo anterior se considera altamente relevante c O s i L D O continuar el estudio en las zonas áridas, particularmente en la fimbriado mas o menos prominente de 2 mm diám. Gleba asociada con Larrea tridentata J.M. Coult., leg. ML, CS, DS, C o I Especies estudiadas r e M región central de la planicie del Desierto Chihuahuense, n pulverulenta a compacta, violácea a marrón. Capilicio DL, AG & EH, 23.VII.2009 (CESUES 9081, UACJ 1523). é E g D l donde el conocimiento sobre la micobiota es limitado. amarillento en KOH 5 %, de 2.5-4 µm diám., poco Municipio de Juárez, sobre suelo arenoso bajo Prosopis E A . l N Disciseda bovista (Klotzsch) Henn., Stud. Nat. Hist. Iowa a A ramificado, pared delgada, sinuoso, septado, con poros glandulosa Torr., leg. ML, CS, DS, MV & FF, 14.II.2009 t C I e . X Univ. 42: 128 (1903). E escasos. Esporas globosas de 4-7 µm diám., ornamentada con (CESUES 9007, UACJ 1524); Ibidem, leg. ML, CS, DS, DL, M , M Materiales y métodos Basidiomas de 14-16 mm diám., globosos a subglobosos, a g A verrugas cilíndricas, unigutuladas y con pedicelo de 1-2 µm AG & EH, 23.VII.2009 (CESUES 9084, UACJ 1525). T a r S r I ligeramente aplanados en la base; exoperidio verrugoso- á V longitud. Al MEB la ornamentación esporal está conformada Observaciones: Taxón caracterizado por sus esporas z E i R En este estudio se realizaron cuatro muestreos, uno por estriado y arrugado, de color marrón con partículas de suelo por verrugas cilíndricas unidas por un ligero pliegue (Figura con verrugas evidentes bajo MO. D. bovista puede L estación del año entre invierno y otoño de 2009, en 10 adheridas; se desprende rápidamente permaneciendo en la 1) y/o con una distribución aislada e irregular (Figura 2). confundirse con D. candida y D. hyalothrix, diferenciándose localidades de la planicie del Desierto Chihuahuense parte basal; endoperidio liso, delgado, papiráceo, blanco- Material estudiado: Municipio de Ahumada, la primera por sus esporas de menor tamaño con una (CONABIO: Ecorregión 10.2.4.1.). En la Tabla 1 se presentan grisáceo a marrón-amarillento. Dehiscencia por un estoma 3 2 4 4 ornamentación menos marcada y capilicio poroso, mientras esporas de 4-5 µm, sublisas y capilicio poroso. Se observó AG & EH, 23.VII.2009 (CESUES 9045, UACJ 1538; globosas a subglobosas, de 7-9 µm diám., reticuladas, L A N I que la última se caracteriza por sus esporas con verrugas compartiendo el hábitat con D. bovista y D. hyalothrix, de las CESUES 9041, UACJ 1539). Ibidem, leg. ML, AS, AG, CS & mucronadas, marrón-amarillento en KOH 5 %, dextrinoides G I R piramidales aparentemente fusionadas en el ápice con cuales macroscópicamente es difícil separar, aunque DL, 22.X.2009 (CESUES 9054, UACJ 1540).
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