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Serbian Orthodox Religious Education in Serbia – Historical Overview and Its Perspectives ______ Kačarić: SERBIAN ORTHODOX RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN SERBIA – HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND ITS PERSPECTIVES _________________________________________________________________________________________________ MA Ninoslav Kačarić Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Banat 1 Original scientific paper Vršac UDK: 37.014.523 ========================================================================== SERBIAN ORTHODOX RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN SERBIA – HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND ITS PERSPECTIVES Resume: At the beginning of the 21 st century the Orthodox Church in Serbia has faced with huge challenges. After the period of half-century restrictions under the communist regime in former Yugoslavia, the time of change has come and it brings with itself respectfulness of religious freedom to Serbian people and freedom to practice their religion and express their religious notions publicly. Serbian society strives towards modernization and democratization; it has been trying to make its own new identity among the European Nations. Baring in mind the importance of traditional values and institutions of Serbian people, the Government of the Serbia Republic adopted The Law on Churches and religious communities in 2006 (“Official News SR”, no. 36/2006). Article no. 40 of this Law says that the right of religious education in public and private elementary and secondary schools guaranteed by the Serbian State. Although religious education has been implemented since 2001 as the alternative curriculum in primary and secondary schools by the rules of the Serbian Government (“Official News SR”, no. 46/2001.), religious education is still an issue that provokes great controversial attitudes on the political and social scene of Serbian society until now. By this act, the Government of the Serbia Republic is found itself under pressure of many factors of the civil society, who wants to obstruct the implementation of religious education with the excuse that it harms mentioned democratic processes and that religion is not a part of public sector. The Church over religious education has nowadays very difficult and serious tusk and only time will tell if we are going to overcome all the challenges and to respond to all the questions and needs of pupils, overcoming the temptations in mutual living and working, education and upbringing in accordance with the evangelical enlightenment, change of mind and the deification by introducing students in the life of the Church. A religious teacher alone certainly is not in a position to cooperate with the student's environment and to accomplish the mission, and it is therefore necessary to create a collective atmosphere, including in the exercise missions also the students who do not attend religious education, and family and youth overall environment. Here I mean that in the case of the professors whose subjects have scientific basis different from the religious, but the common curious and open attitude it is certainly possible to overcome seemingly irreconcilable differences of scientific and religious education. Key words: religious education, the Church, School, education. [email protected] 47 Kačarić: SERBIAN ORTHODOX RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN SERBIA – HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND ITS PERSPECTIVES _________________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION At the beginning of the 21 st century the Orthodox Church in Serbia has faced with enormous - challenges. After the period of half-century restrictions under the communist regime in the former Yugoslavia, the time of change has come and it brings with itself respectfulness of religious freedom to Serbian people and freedom to practice their religion and express their religious notions publicly. Serbian society strives toward modernization and democratization; it has been trying to make its own new identity among the European Nations. Baring in mind the importance of traditional values and institutions of Serbian people, the Government of the Serbia Republic adopted The Law on Churches and religious communities in 2006 (“Official News SR”, no. 36/2006). Article no. 40 of this Law says that the right of religious education in public and private elementary and secondary schools guaranteed by the Serbian State. Although religious education has been implemented since 2001 as the alternative curriculum in primary and secondary schools by the rules of the Serbian Government (“Official News SR”, no. 46/2001.), religious education is still an issue that provokes great controversial attitudes on the political and social scene of Serbian society until now. By this act, the Government of the Serbia Republic is found itself under pressure of many factors of the civil society, who wants to obstruct the implementation of religious education with the excuse that it harms mentioned democratic processes and that religion is not a part of public sector. The Church over religious education has nowadays very difficult and serious tusk and only time will tell if we are going to overcome all the challenges and to respond to all the questions and needs of pupils, overcoming the temptations in both areas; living and working, education and upbringing in accordance with the evangelical enlightenment, change of mind and the deification by introducing students to the life of the Church. A religious teacher alone certainly is not in a position to cooperate with the student's environment and to accomplish the mission, and it is therefore necessary to create a collective atmosphere, including in the exercise missions also the students who do not attend religious education, and family and youth overall environment. Here I mean that the professors whose subjects have scientific basis different from the religious, but the common curious and open attitude is certainly possible to overcome seemingly irreconcilable differences of scientific and religious education. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE RELATION BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION The educational system in Serbia began to develop during the gradual liberation from Turkish domination. Centuries of slavery destroyed almost completely the achievements of Serbian medieval educational and cultural tradition. Before The First Serbian Uprising, the population in Serbia was almost completely illiterate, “in liberated Serbia under Karađorđe`s regain the schools were started to expand and there were schools in almost all towns; particularly they were spread in Belgrade for learning purposes of the new baptized Turks. Then the well – known Grand School was opened in Belgrade and it was one of a kind that the Serbs have never had before.” (Đorđević, T. 1946, 91) The opening of the High School in 1808 represented the earliest attempt of organizing secondary and higher education in Serbia. These organizational efforts to establish the school system and the expansion of education are linked to the name of Dositej Obradović, who came 48 Kačarić: SERBIAN ORTHODOX RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN SERBIA – HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND ITS PERSPECTIVES _________________________________________________________________________________________________ back to Serbia in 1808. He took part in the opening of the High School and was the first Minister of Education (Popečitelj) in Serbia. In Serbia the names of Dositej Obradovič and Vuk Karadžić are also related to the adoption of the ideas` of Enlightenment age that arising from the Western culture and tradition of the time. On that basis, there is a conflict between the Church and the School, which began to separate from the Church. In the first place spirit of the Enlightenment age influenced the choice of the subjects that were thought in schools. Religious education was not taught in schools, but only the church singing. The Seminary was founded in 1810 in Belgrade and” a few facts about this school can be found in story telling of Lazar Arsenijević Batalke. The first professor in the Seminary was Vićentije Rakić from Trieste. The Seminary lasted two years. In 1812 four students graduated at this school and they were ordained as deacons.” (Ilić, A. 2002, 111) At the time of the first government in the regain of Prince Miloš Obrenović, the foundation of school system was established in Serbia. When Mihail Jovanović enthroned Metropolitan, religious educational system has come one step further so that in religious educational curriculum and pedagogical – philosophical group of subjects has been introduced in the Seminary in order to increase the intellectual level and quality of the priests, and also thanks to his support and initiative in1863 the first published copy of Theologian has emerged which has been published by the Belgrade Seminary youth and which we could assume the first issue of ecclesia periodicals in Serbian Orthodox Church, since in the call for subscription was announced that the Seminary youth would published a copy under this title every year.” (Sando, D. 2010, 255 – 256) Tremendous merits of Metropolitan Mihail are that in 1873 another department of Belgrade Seminary was opened and it was called ”foreign Seminary” or ”missionary institute” where were received children from non-liberated Serbian regions and a large number of graduated theologians came out from it. His pedagogical efforts are reflected also in his further effort to open Seminary in Banja Luka in 1866 and in Prizren in 1871, wherein his great experience gained in educating spiritual centres abroad he tried to convey to our religious educational area. Then he tried to rearrange our spiritual nursery
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