Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47468-9 — City and Society

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47468-9 — City and Society in the Low Countries, 1100–1600 Edited by Bruno Blondé , Marc Boone , Anne-Laure Van Bruaene Index More Information 285

Index

Aachen, 117 Eiermarkt, 59 , 61 Aalst, 29 , 35 , 109 , 234 , 240 elite, 71 , 73 , 76 , 110 , 169 , 198 gateway, 165 gateway, 14, 29 , 38 , 43 , 44 , 55 , 56 , 57 , Aardenburg, 117 165 , 258 Abbenbroek, 150 market, 5 , 19 , 30 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 55 , Abundus, 224 59 , 81 , 85 , 87 , 156 , 205 , 218 , 250 administration, municipal, 99 – 101, 107 , middling groups, 85 , 88 , 89 , 150 , 152 118 – 20 , 175 , 220, 247 municipal government, 92 , 106 , 114 , chirograph, 99 – 100 154 , 196 , 217 , 247 agriculture, 4 , 7 , 13 , 26 , 29 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 , Our Lady, Chapter of, 179 43 , 47 , 62 , 78 , 218 , 256 Our Lady, Church of, 142 Aire-sur- la- Lys, 63 Our Lady, hospital of, 187 Alberghi, family, 76 population, 27 , 59 , 80 Albert I of Bavaria, 168 princely interaction, 11 , 56 , 107 , 112 , Alberti, Leon Battista, 206 113, 114 , 119 aldermen’s house, 164 , 176 , 177 , 182 religion, 132 , 145 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , Alkmaar, 88 , 179 157 , 158 alliance between towns, see league Saint Elisabeth, hospital of, 187 of towns Saint George, Church of, 153 almshouse, 18 , 89 , 164 , 175 Saint James, Church of, 153 Alva, duke of, 185 Saint James, parish of, 135 Amay, 165 schools, 222 , 225 , 228 , 232 , 237 , 243 Ameide, Wouter, 41 , 54 Stock exchange, 178 , 179 Amsterdam, 6 , 28 , 44 , 51 , 258 , 260 textile industry, 42 , 203 gateway, 14 , 29 , 38 , 44 , 56, 57 , 258 town accounts, 96 , 160 market, 35 , 37 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 town hall, 178, 185 religion, 155 , 157 urban network, 10 , 11 , 21 , 26 , 28 , 30 , schools, 248 33 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 45 , 79 , 260 town accounts, 160 urban society, 59 , 60 , 79 , 135 , 142 , 187, urban network, 11 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 39 , 212 79 , 167 urban space, 120 , 178 , 179 , 181 , 185 urban space, 178 Antwerpen, see Antwerp Anabaptism, 154 Anvers, see Antwerp anti-clericalism, 140 – 1 , 151 archaeology, urban, 165 , 168 , 203 , 208 Antwerp (province), 26 architecture, urban, 6, 18 , 41 , 162 , 174 , Antwerp (town), 37, 40 , 50 , 55 , 89 , 237 , 178 – 80 , 192 , 196 , see also house, 247 , 258 , 260 urban art, 49, 50 , 59 , 123, 125 , 142 , 152 , 200 , Brabantine Gothic, 179 202 , 207 , 211 , 212, 213 , 218, 232 , petrii cation, 171 , 183 , 196 , 218 252 regulations, 196 consumption, 199 , 204 , 209 , 212 Tertiary Gothic, 180 craft guilds, 53, 55 , 86 , 114 , 174 , 223 urban planning, 6

285

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47468-9 — City and Society in the Low Countries, 1100–1600 Edited by Bruno Blondé , Marc Boone , Anne-Laure Van Bruaene Index More Information 286

286 Index

Aristotle, 253 autonomy, municipal, 16, 62 , 96 , 107 , 114 , Armentières, 29, 40 , 41 , 49 159 , 258 , 264 Arnemuiden, 167 enclave, 62 , 137 , 169 – 70 , 183 , 189 Arnhem, 9 , 244 legal autonomy, 101 Arquennes, 179 Arras Bacon, Roger, 232 art, 50, 147 Baldwin the pretender, 180 craft guilds, 69, 213 Baldwin, count of Flanders (VIII) and elite, 64 Hainaut (V), 102 gateway, 165 Baltic Sea, 26, 35 municipal government, 109 Baltics, 34, 37 , 41 , 44 population, 27 Barbezaen, Claes, 185 princely interaction, 105 Barlandus, Adrianus, 243 town accounts, 99 Bartolus of Sassoferrato, 101 urban network, 10 , 29 , 79 beguinage, 137, 189 art, 49, 50 , 154, 189 , 194, 207 , 232 , 249 , behavioural codes, see manners, urban 252 , 263 belfry, 18 , 100 , 121 , 162, 174 , 175, 176 , church music, 132 , 143 177, 180 – 1 , 182 , 184 , 261 embroidery, 50 Belgium, 3, 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 28 , 30 , 51 glass, 252 bell, town, 175 , 178 , 180 – 1 , 192 gold- and silversmiths, 154 , 232 Bentheim, 179 jewellery, 201 Bergen-op-Zoom, 40 , 149 , 179 majolica, 207 , 211 , 232 , 252 , see also urban space, 179 material culture:tableware Bergen-op-Zoom, lords of, 179 painting, 49 , 154 , 200 , 205 , 207 , 211 , Bergues, 29, 132 218 , 263 Saint Martin, Chapter of, 132 porcelain, 208 , see also material Berlin, 28 culture:tableware Biervliet, 29 , 166 sculpture, 49, 178 , 232 Bijns, Anna, 125 , 153 stonecutting, 178 , 179 Billen, Claire, 7 tapestry, 50, 54 , 82 , 154 , 189 Binche, 168 woodcut, 50 , 160 Black Death, 48 , 75 , 77 Artesia, see Artois Bladelin, Peter, 211 artisans, 46 , 48 , 59 , 68 , 87 , 112 , 157 , Blankenberge, 37 178 , 198 , 210 , 220 , 226 , 232 , Blockmans, Wim, 201 233, 238 , 244 , 251 , 253 , see also Bode, family, 76 guilds, craft Boendale, see van Boendale, Jan apprenticeship, see education: Bois- le-duc, see ’s- Hertogenbosch apprenticeship Bolsward, 136 master artisans, 33, 50 , 55 , 70 , 125 , 148 , Borgloon, 103 , 117 212 , 226, 241 Borluut, Elisabeth, 141 Artois, 24, 37 Borluut, family, 65, 66 economic development, 29 , 35 Bosch, Hieronymus, 211 market, 56 , 57 bourgeoisie, 4, 15 , 194, 255 , 257 municipal government, 64 Brabant, 3 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 16 , 19 , 21 , 24 , 26 , population, 27 , 80 34 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 69 , 80 , 86 , 107 , 123 , religion, 261 132 , 178 , 249 textile industry, 42 , 57 , 69 art, 148 , 149 , 150 , 240 , 251 urban network, 10 , 30 , 38 , 49 , 79 consumption, 218 , 219 urban society, 78 craft guilds, 52, 56 , 69 , 173 , 177 arts, 222 economic development, 34 , 56 , 82 , artes -literature, 237 86 , 179 liberal, 222 , 232 , 233 , 241 , 253 elite, 73 , 224 mechanical, 222, 232, 233 , 253 market, 30 , 40 , 47 , 56 , 57 Ath, 102 municipal government, 65 , 100 , 109 Atlantic Rim, 26 population, 27 , 35 , 80

Index 287

princely interaction, 11 , 12 , 96 , 107 , 113 , art, 49, 50 , 123 , 126 , 149, 153 , 249 123 , 171 , 181 , 210 , 249 , 258 , 261 Baliënplein, 179 religion, 135 , 138 , 154 , 156 , 157, 261 Broodhuis, 175 , 179 schools, 225 , 232, 234 , 242 , 245 , 246 Chapel Church, 170 , 184 textile industry, 36 , 43 , 49 , 57 , 69 Coudenberg, 178 , 179 , 249 town accounts, 161 craft guilds, 114 , 174 urban network, 10 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 38 , 39 , elite, 73 , 171 , 211 45 , 49 , 79 , 181 , 260 gateway, 165 urban society, 78 , 92 , 255 Grand Place, 176 , 179 , 181 urban space, 174 , 196 market, 172 , 174 , 175 Breda middling groups, 150, 154 textile industry, 43 municipal government, 111 , 121 , 159, British Isles, 34 , 47 171 , 174 , 246 Brouwershaven, 72 population, 27 Brown, Andrew, 147 princely interaction, 11 , 30 , 107 , 114 , Bruegel the Elder, Pieter, 59 121 , 166 , 169 , 170, 175 , 249, 263 Bruges, 3 , 9 , 17 , 41 , 50 , 91 , 102 , 112, 126 , religion, 137 , 145 , 156 , 157 , 158 147 , 174 , 180 , 237 , 258 Saint John, Hospital of, 187 art, 49, 50 , 125, 141 , 149 , 203 Saint Nicholas, Church of, 121 belfry, 180 schools, 227, 242 Beursplein, 41 Steenpoort, 170 Bogardenschool, 227 textile industry, 30 , 45 , 82 cloth hall, 78 , 176 , 180 town accounts, 96 , 160 consumption, 197 , 208 town hall, 162 craft guilds, 53, 55 , 103 , 114 , 206 , 207 urban network, 10 , 11 , 26 , 30 , 45 , 79 elite, 64 , 66 , 72 , 186 urban society, 118 , 187 gateway, 14, 38 , 39 , 42 , 44 , 55 , 56 , 165 , urban space, 120, 162 , 170 , 172 , 177 , 167, 258 178 , 179 , 181 , 182 , 184 , 249 market, 19 , 30 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 46 , Bruxelles, see Brussels 47 , 54 , 82, 174 buitenpoorter, see citizenship: outburgher middling groups, 68, 71 , 84 , 85 , 145 , Burckhardt, Jacob, 194 147 , 188 , 210 burgher, see citizenship municipal government, 63 , 91 , 106 , 109 , Burgundian- Habsburg dynasty, 7, 11 , 17 , 111 , 123 , 159 , 176, 196 , 210 150 , 260, 262 population, 27 , 46 , 80 Busleyden, Jeronimus, 250 princely interaction, 107, 112 , 114 , 119 , Buylaert, Frederik, 105 170 , 182 , 186, 248 , 263 religion, 104 , 132 , 136 , 137 , 146 , 156 , Cailleu, Colijn, 149 157 , 158 , 189 , 227 Calais, 55 , 166 Saint Donatian, Chapter of, 132 Calvin, John, 155 Saint John, Hospital of, 187 Calvinism, 120, 154 – 6 , 157, 251 , 254 schools, 225 , 227 Calvinist Republics, 157 textile industry, 41 , 42 , 78 Cambrai, 63 , 263 town accounts, 86 , 87 , 90 , 99 , 159 , gateway, 131 245 , 261 princely interaction, 131 urban network, 10 , 28 , 29 , 33 , 39 , 40 , religion, 137 , 146 41 , 79 , 113 , 260 Campine, 26 , 42 , 43 urban society, 124 , 136 , 186 , 187 canal, 167 urban space, 160, 170 , 178 , 180 , canalisation, 167 , 168 184 , 196 capital (territory), 10, 11 , 28 , 246 , 249 water hall, 174 Cardon, Georges, 220 Wisselbrug, 41 caritas , 187 – 90 Brugge, see Bruges Carlier, Myriam, 103 Brussel, see Brussels Castile, 258 Brussels, 5 , 40 , 132 , 168 , 169 , 186 , Catholicism, 17 , 128 249, 250 Cele, Johan, 242

288 Index

chambers of rhetoric, 15 , 17 , 93 – 5, 122 , confraternities, 69 , 74 , 130 , 136 , 137 , 140 , 124 – 6 , 146 , 150 , 151 – 2 , 213 , 220, 143, 144 , 152 , 175 , 178 , 213 , 215 , 223 , 240 , 251 , 253 , 262 see also religion, urban Champagne, 39 , 47 , 56 charity, 69 , 144 Charles the Bold, 102 , 119 , 120, 186 devotion, 69 Charles the Good, 63, 107 hospital, 144 Charles V, emperor, 11 , 91 , 100 , 112 , 114 , Conscience, Hendrik, 209 120 , 179 , 180 , 184, 185 , 210 , 228 consumption, 19 , 46 , 72, 86 , 192 – 4 , 199 , Charruadas, Paulo, 166 201 , 205 , 208 , 216 – 18 , 219 , 254 , church (building), 121 , 132, 142 – 4 , 156 , see also law: sumptuary law; material 164, 170 , 181 , 188 , 192 culture Church (institution), 136 , 140 , 150 , 166 , conviviality, see sociability 172 , 190 , 204 , 227 , see also parish Cornejo, Pedro, 239 authority, 103 , 131 corporate system, 17 , 69 , 74 , 81 , 111 , 130 , bishop(ric), 11 , 62 , 186 144 , 147 , 151 , 161 , 183 , 187 , 259 , chapter, 132 , 170 , 188 262 heresy, 138 , 227 inclusiveness–exclusiveness, 74 , 91 persecution, 153 , 155 corporations, see corporate system liturgy, 132 , 140 , 142 court, 150 , 248 , 258, 264, see also prince citadel, 120 , 164 court-urban culture, 248 , 263 citizenship, 54 , 68 , 71 , 81 , 128 , 160, etiquette, 249 176, 194 , 199 – 201 , 210 , 218 , Courtrai, see Kortrijk 226 , 227 , 229 , 242 , 260 , see also Couthereel, Pieter, 112 bourgeoisie craftsmen, master, see artisans: master ‘outburgher’, 35 artisans city, episcopal, 17 , 70 , 258 crime, 91 , 93 , 104 , 105 , 120 , 121 city republic, 114 , 127 coni scation, 97 , 211 city-state, 16 , 21 , 28 , 128, 259 , 261 corporal punishment, 105 civic religion, 128 , 132, 159 , 161 exile, 97 , 105 , 106 , 123 civilising process, see manners, urban libel, 106, 121 Claeissens, Pieter the Elder, 160 monetary i ne, 106 , 121 Clark, Peter, 5 pacii cation, 104 – 6 clergy, 11 , 61 , 62 , 68 , 130 , 132 – 5 , 154 , punitive pilgrimage, 105 , 106 158 , 188 , 227 Cruppelant, family, 73 privileges, 140 Culemborg, 157 , 242 cloth hall, 162 , 163, 174 , 180 codes of conduct, see manners, urban Damme, 36, 98 , 110 , 122 , 166, 167 , 177 cohesion, social, 63, 69 , 104 , 255 , see also Danube (river), 10 society, urban David of Burgundy, 186 Cologne, 9 , 27 , 174, 245 , 246 de Beatis, Antonio, 172 university, 245 , 246 de Bertaimont, Jean, 185 Comines, 90 de Brimeu, Guy, lord of Humbercourt, 119 commodities, 32 , 40 , 42 , 46 , 48 , de Castelein, Matthijs, 146 56 – 7, 83 , 172 , 173 , see also de Cordes, family, 55 economy, urban de Deken, Willem, 119 communal identity, see identity, urban De Doppere, Rombout, 125 commune, 14 , 61 – 3, 68 – 9, 96 – 8, 107 , 109, de Jonghe, Jan, 120 128 , 136 , 145 , see also ideology, de Keysere, Pieter, 160 urban de Keysere, Robert, 243 communal movement, 62 – 3 , 107 , de la Pasture, Roger, see van der Weyden, 131 , 258 Rogier conjuratio , 96 , 109 de Layens, Mathieu, 178 community, urban, see commune De Lier, 240 conl ict, political, 167 , 177 , 181 , 260 , 261 de Marke, Collard, 41 conl ict, social, 14 , 21 , 63 , 69 – 71 , 92 , 94 , de Meyere, Jacob, 239 98 , 171 , 260 de Montigny, Nicolas, 72

Index 289

De Moor, Tine, 75 Diksmuide, 29, 49 , 89 , 145 , 148 de Mortaigne, Eulard, 72 Dinant, 4, 27 , 90 , 110 , 120 , 165 , 176 de Pizan, Christine, 215 discipline, 95 , 104, 115 , 122, 254 , see also de Rike, Catherine, widow of Jan, 208 manners, urban De Rock, Jelle, 66 discourse, 14, see also ideology, urban de Roovere, Anthonis, 124 , 149 political, 12 , 98 , 126, 182 , 187 de Scutelaere, family, 112 religious, 159 de Vries, Hans Vredeman, 206 social, 61 , 257 de Vries, Jan, 27 , 192 , 194 Doesburg, 227 de Weert, Jan, 123 Dole, 246 de Wesalia, Joannes, 250 university, 246 Deinze, 36 , 148 , 244 domain, feudal, 32 , see also lord, feudal Delfshaven, 168 Dordrecht, 9 Delft craft guilds, 56 , 70 art, 142 , 208 gateway, 38, 44 market, 44 , 47 market, 30 , 36 , 41 middling groups, 152 municipal government, 123 religion, 138, 150 , 151 religion, 135 , 138 , 139 schools, 227 town accounts, 100 textile industry, 51 urban charter, 24 town accounts, 100 urban network, 10 , 27 , 30 , 79 urban network, 11 , 26 , 30 , 168 Dorestad, 165 Della Casa, Giovanni, 212 Douai, 51, 220 Demer (river), 168 cloth hall, 175 demography, 21 , 62 craft guilds, 48 , 54 , 68 , 110 demographic stagnation, 9 elite, 64 mortality, 79 – 81 gateway, 165 population decline, 48, 75 , 78 , 80 , market, 175 , 258 85 , 177 municipal government, 109 population density, 22 – 6, 40 , 43 , 257 population, 27 population growth, 75, 80 religion, 132 population number, 24, 26 – 8, 40 , 45 , Saint Amatus, Chapter of, 132 60 , 81 schools, 225 resilience, demographic, 79 textile industry, 45 surplus mortality, 32 , 81 town accounts, 99 urban population, 139 university, 220 Den Bosch, see ’s-Hertogenbosch urban network, 10 , 29 , 79 Dender (river), 32 urban society, 77 , 78 , 104 Dendermonde, 52, 117 , 121 d’Outremeuse, Jean, 131 religion, 146 Dranouter, 248 Des Marez, Guillaume, 5 Drenthe, 28 Deventer, 9 , 146 , 234 Duffel, 43 , 49 Brink, 173 Dunkerque, see Dunkirk gateway, 39 , 44 Dunkirk, 29 , 37 , 79 , 166 market, 173 Dürer, Albrecht, 212 religion, 136, 138 , 139 Dutch Revolt, 9 , 16 , 80 , 100 , 128, 157 , Saint Lebuinus, Church of, 177 , 178 , 255 , 261 181 schools, 227 Ecaussines, 179 town accounts, 96 economy, urban, 13 , 31 , 45 , 57 , 264 , urban network, 27 see also agriculture ; commodities ; urban space, 162 , 173 , 177 , 181 consumption; i nances, municipal ; weigh house, 162 luxury products; standard of living ; Dhondt, Jan, 4 textile industry; trade di Savino, Guido, 207 capitalism, 84 – 5 Diest, 79 , 97 , 149 , 173 commercialisation, 33

290 Index

economy, urban (cont.) Edam, 88 competition, 51, 57 , 167 , 262 education, 20, 33 , 152 , 220 , 258 construction, 179 apprenticeship, 20, 51 , 52 , 229 , 237 , decline, 30, 204 see also artisans demand, 195 exclusion, 230 diversii cation, 82 , 92 , 201 masterpiece, 20 , 230 , 231 division of labour, 62 , 71 discipline, 21 , 226 employment, 183 home schooling, 242 , 243 export, 20 , 39 , 40 , 46 – 7, 50 , 51 , 54 , 57 , intellectuals, 253 64 , 78 , 82 , 90 , 164 learning on the shop l oor, see i nances education: vocational training banking, 41 , 46 philosophy, educational, 227 brokery, 41 , 54 , 74, 83 primary education, 225 , 242 capital market, 43 secondary education, 241 credit institution, 188 vocational training, 223 , 226 , 228 – 9 , i nancial history, 5 241 , 244 , 248 , 253 i scality, see prince Eeklo, 46 , 87 , 89 , 244 speculation, 65 Egmond, 179 stock exchange, 178 , 179 Eijsden, 97 tax, see i nances, municipal Elburg, 28 transactions, i nancial, 41 Elias, Norbert, 93 free market, 51 elite, urban, 15, 63 – 8, 70 , 74 , 83 , 111 , 115, growth, 15, 42 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 75 , 83 , 123 , 169 , 183 , 190 , 193 , 200 , 211 , 86 , 92 , 255 , 256 , 257 244 , 259 , 261 , 264 import, 80 , 207 , 211 identity, 64 income pooling, 34, 65 , 86 regent class, 56 industry, 44 , 45 , 64 , 79 Emden, 155 , 178 brewing, 57 , 168 , 169 Emmerich, 242 brick production, 46 , 65 England, 9, 11 , 43 , 47 , 50 , 56 , 79 , 81 , 85 , gold- and silversmiths, 50 , 74 195, 258 , 260 salt-processing, 29 , 46 Enkhuizen, 44 , 46 shipbuilding, 57 entrepreneurs, 14 , 50 , 54 , 59 , 84 , 87 , 155 , weapons, 50 169 , 181 , 226 , 231 , 238 , see also innovation, 50 , 53 , 55 , 56 – 8, 205 trade: merchants institutions, economic, 51 epidemics, 79 knowledge economy, 20 , 233 plague, 77 , 85 , see also Black Death labour Epstein, Stephan R., 53 manual, 111, 125 , 155 Erasmus, Desiderius, 151 , 212 , 220 , 227 , skilled, 13 , 14 , 32 , 40 , 48 , 86 , 109 , 155 242, 246 , 250 supply, 85 , 86 Espinas, Georges, 144 unskilled, 47 Etienne of Tournai, 131 wage, 54 , 59 , 85 , 87 Everaert, Cornelis, 125 , 149 manufacturing, 17 , 45 , 78 market economy, 9 , 13 family, 66 , 67 , 69 , 74 , 143 , 161 , see also market infrastructure, 39 , 51 demography; women market interdependence, 35 , 38 celibacy, 75 marketplace, 33 , 82 , 164 , 171, 192 children, 75 ‘product life cycle’, 47 European marriage pattern, 75, 77 protectionism, 52 , 210 extended family, 75 , 89 , 104 regulation, economic, 37 , 51 , 56 , 69 , ideology, 15 78 , 95 inheritance, 76 , 78 services, 32 , 46 , 72 , 222 kin, 74 , 76 skill premium, 14 , 20 lineage, 66, 76 specialisation, 44 , 50 , 57 , 82 , 256 , 257 marriage, 75, 76 , 78 , 104 , 214 unemployment, 83 , 90 nuclear family, 75 , 77 wages, 20 , 26 , 48 , 80 , 85 – 7, 111 famine, see food: crisis

Index 291

Far East, 44 meat, 34 , 84 , 173 , 174 Farnese, Alexander, 56 , 158 price, 59 , 86 , 118 Favresse, Félicien, 5 wine, 34 , 123 Feluy, 179 Foucault, Michel, 162 feudalism, 66 fountain, 169 , 175 Fexhe, 113 France, 3, 7 , 11 , 29 , 30 , 34 , 37 , 39 , 73 , 79 , i nances, municipal, 5 , 67 , 68 , 98 , 111 , 80 , 81 , 114 , 181 , 185 , 210 , 239, 171 , 185 , 243 244 , 258 , 260 accountability, 185 Franche-Comté, 246 accountancy, 101 Francis of Anjou, 157 control mechanism, 111 Frankfurt-am- Main, 40 , 155 debt, 185 freedom, personal, 62, 66 , 72 , 78 expenditure, 177 serfs, 24 revenues, 67, 101, 185 freedoms, municipal, see privileges, tax, 67 , 72 , 81 , 87 , 89 , 98, 110 , 116 , municipal 123 , 140 , 167 , 173 , 183 , 185 French Flanders, 43 Flanders, 1 , 3 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 19 , 20 , 24 , 27 , frictions, social, see conl ict, social 28 , 31 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 43 , 46 , 99 , 109 , Friesland, 28 , 33 , 148 , 152 , 155 , 251 126 , 167, 249 , 260 Fris, Victor, 115 art, 148 , 149 , 150 , 239 Frisius, Gemma, 250 consumption, 209 , 218 fuel, 47 , 65 , 256 craft guilds, 48, 52 , 53 , 56 , 69 , 177 Fynes, Moryson, 237 economic development, 29 , 30 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 40 , 56 , 82 , 86 , 166 , 167 , 179 Galbert of Bruges, 63 , 107 elite, 72 , 73 Ganshof, François-Louis, 5 market, 41 , 47 , 56 , 57 , 80 , 81 Gembloux, 107 middling groups, 72 Genappe, 96 municipal government, 63 , 65 , 91 , Geneva, 155 99 , 109 Genoa, 76 population, 27 , 35 , 46 , 80 Gent, see Ghent princely interaction, 11, 63 , 102 , 113, geography, 10 , 256 , 259 147 , 165 , 166 , 210 , 224 , 249 , 258 , geographic shift, 9, 13 , 31 , 40 , 44 , 57 , 261 58 , 260 religion, 132 , 135 , 138 , 145 , 156 , 157 , 261 Geraardsbergen, 35 , 109 , 178 , 243 , 244 schools, 225 , 248 Saint Adrian, Abbey of, 244 textile industry, 34 , 36 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 47 , German Empire, 9, 39 , 40 , 123 , 130 , 154 , 49 , 57 , 69 , 89 , 156 155 , 158 , 161, 210 , 260 urban network, 10 , 26 , 30 , 39 , 45 , 49 , Germany, 3 79 , 89 , 181, 260 Ghent, 3, 5 , 6 , 18 , 37 , 114 , 144 , 148 , 149 , urban society, 77 , 78 , 84 , 92 , 255 177 , 210 , 226 urban space, 174 art, 50, 160 Floreffe, 177 belfry, 18, 162 , 180, 182 Florence, 28 , 261 Bijloke hospital, 178 , 187 , 188 Floris (de Vriendt), Cornelis, 206 Citadel, 120 , 185 Floris V, count of Holland 178 consumption, 212 , 217 food, 31 , 34 , 80 , 183 , see also consumption; craft guilds, 37, 52 , 84 , 99 , 103 , 110 , economy, urban 114 , 116 , 117 , 167 , 174 beer, 34 , 35 , 46 , 47 , 86 , 110 elite, 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 105 , 109 , 171 , 224 bread, 35, 86 i sh market, 172 crisis, 65 , 79 , 80 gateway, 29, 39 , 165 , 167 Great Hunger, 48 , 80 , 81 Geeraard de Duivelsteen, 171 dairy products, 34 Gravensteen, 172 i sh, 173 Great Beguinage, 138 grain, 34 – 5, 37 , 44 , 65 , 80 , 110 , 118 , market, 37 , 172 , 173 , 218 , 258 123 , 173 , 256 middling groups, 65, 68 , 88 , 98 , 144 , herring, 34 149 , 152 , 188, 213

292 Index

Ghent (cont.) maladministration, 115 , 124 municipal government, 37 , 91 , 109 , oligarchy, 115 111 , 112, 123 , 167, 174 , 189 , 215 , public ofi ce, 73 246, 247 alderman, 73 , 99 , 106, 107 , 111 , 119 , population, 27 , 90 168 , 174 , 176 , 185 princely interaction, 102, 107 , 112 , 113 , burgomaster, 119 114 , 119 , 120 , 170, 182 , 185 , 186, town sheriff, 73 260 , 263 town council, 64 , 67 , 69 , 70 , 73 , 102 religion, 132 , 135, 136 , 137 , 138 , 140 , Grapheus, Cornelius, 160 145 , 156 , 157 , 158, 188 , 189 Gravelines, 166 Saint Bavo, Abbey of, 185 Great Privilege, 100 Saint Nicholas, Church of, 18 Groningen, 6, 28 , 136 , 138 , 246 Saint Peter, Abbey of, 245 princely interaction, 11 Saint Pharaildis, Chapter of, 224 religion, 157 schools, 224 , 225 , 243 schools, 227 textile industry, 41 , 45 town accounts, 161 town accounts, 90 , 99 , 100 , 102 , 115 , Grote, Geert, 138 , 139 159 , 160 , 161 , 245 , 261 Guelders, 1 , 28 , 47 , 56 , 139 , 148 , 251 urban network, 10 , 28 , 29 , 79 , 113 Guicciardini, Lodovico, 79, 88 , 239 urban society, 35 , 36 , 78 , 104 , 187 guilds, craft, 14, 48 , 50 – 6, 67 , 69 , 70 , 74 , urban space, 120 , 162 , 177, 178 , 83 , 88 , 90 , 91 , 95 , 97 , 100 , 111 – 12 , 180 , 195 114 , 116 , 118 , 119, 123 , 130 , 136 , Vrijdagmarkt, 172 140 , 144 , 146 , 159 , 160 , 173 , 174 , Gillis, Peter, 234 175 , 177, 186 , 187 , 188 , 190 , 206 , Godding, Philippe, 95 213 , 215 , 226 , 230 , 231, 244 , 251 , Golden Age, 6 252 , 254 , 259 Goldthwaite, Richard, 194 almshouse, 54 Gouda altar, 54 art, 142 autonomy, 69 , 98 , 110, 111 gateway, 47 , 166 , 167 butchers, 174 market, 44 , 47 , 173 , 174 chapel, 54 middling groups, 143 guild house, 54, 117 , 192 municipal government, 143 guildhall, 64 religion, 237 hallmark, 51 , 52 Saint John, Church of, 143 identity, 143, 161 , 264 schools, 225 , 227, 242 jurisdiction, 103 – 4 textile industry, 51 painters, 226 town hall, 162 political power, 112 urban network, 11 , 167 privileges, 111 , 120 , 173 urban space, 162 , 179 , 181 religion, 143 Goudriaan, Koen, 139 river shippers, 37 government, municipal, 31 , 55 , 63 , 67 , 69 , social security, 91 73 , 95 , 109 , 128 , 136, 147 , 154 , subcontracting, 54 , 55 157, 158 , 160 , 171 , 174 , 176 – 7 , training, 51 , see also education 187 , 196 , 207 , 225, 252 , 256 , values, 231 see also institutions ; municipal ; guilds, merchants’, 41 , 63 , 78 , 130 , 136 , 262 law, municipal guilds, military, 15 , 74 ‘annuality rule’, 109 guilds, shooting, 143 , 262 bench of aldermen, 67 , 70 , 101 , 103 , Guy of Dampierre, 185 106 , 176 , 196, 206 , 247 Brede Raad , 114 Haamstede, 150 coalition, 112 Haarlem, 179 corruption, 67 , 95 , 114 , 116 , 119 , 122 , market, 43 , 44 , 47 , 258 123 , 126 middling groups, 88 election, 111 , 112 religion, 136 , 138 legitimation, 106, 177 , 191 Saint Bavo, Church of, 179

Index 293

textile industry, 44 , 46 , 51 market, 44 , 47 , 57 urban charter, 24 middling groups, 240 urban network, 11 , 26 , 30 , 79 , 167 municipal government, 100 habitus , urban, see manners, urban population, 45 Habsburg, see Burgundian- Habsburg dynasty princely interaction, 12 , 102 , 112 , 166 , Hagebaert, Thomas, 106 258, 261 Hageland, 42 religion, 132, 135 , 138 , 139 , 150 , 158 Hainaut, 10 , 26 , 28 , 100 , 102 , 179 , 180 textile industry, 46 , 57 art, 147 , 148 urban charter, 24 craft guilds, 56 urban network, 10 , 11 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 38 , economic development, 35 , 56 39 , 49 , 79 , 167 , 168 elite, 72 , 73 urban society, 76 , 88 , 255 municipal government, 63 , 91 , 99 , 102 , urban space, 174 , 178 , 196 185 Hondschoote, 40 , 43 , 49 , 54 , 55 , 156 population, 27 , 80 Honin, faction, 112 princely interaction, 165, 261 Hoorn, 44 , 46 religion, 135 , 156 , 261 hospital, 178 schools, 225 house, urban, 68, 192 , 195 , 196 , 197 , textile industry, 36 , 42 , 57 see also architecture, urban urban network, 38 , 49 , 181 architecture, 195, 196 urban space, 174 brick house, 179 , 196 Halle, 243 domesticity, 192 , 194 , 199 Hamburg, 57 functional specialisation of space, 199 Harderwijk, 28 kitchen, 197 , 198 Hasselt, 97 , 111 , 168 price, 71 , 86 Hattem, 242 property, 198 Hegius, Alexander, 234 renting, 59 , 197 , 198 Heidelberg, 155 residential culture, 46 , 199 Heijting, Willem, 234 shop, 198 Herbenus, Matthaeus, 160 stone house, 171 , 195 , 263 Herentals, 43, 82 Howell, Martha, 104 Herk-de- Stad, 118 Hugh of Chalon, 112 Heuvelland, 41 , 42 Hugonet, Guillaume, 119 hierarchy, urban, 38 , 45 , 218 , 258, see also Hulst, 29 urbanisation human capital, 13 , 51 , 52 , 251 large town, 26 , 79 , 90 , 148 , 218 humanism, 20 , 160 , 220 , 222, 226 , 238 , medium- sized town, 26 , 28 , 79 , 89 243 , 244, 246 , 250, 253 metropolis, 21 , 258 Christian humanism, 239 small town, 28 , 29 , 54 , 79 , 89 , 148 , 165 , Huy, 24 , 27 , 46 , 96 , 100 , 111 , 112 , 165 , 243 , 261 178 , 189 , 224 subordinate network, 39, 41 , 44 town accounts, 96 high- quality products, see luxury products hinterland, see town–countryside Iberian peninsula, 39, 42 relationship iconoclasm, 140, 158 Hoeckaert, Eligius, 243 Iconoclastic Fury, 120 , 156 Hoeken, faction, 76, 112 identity, dress, 215 Holland, 1 , 7 , 9 , 12 , 19 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 37 , 46 , identity, parochial, 132 47 , 67 , 69 , 73 , 100 , 240 , 251 identity, urban, 1, 3 , 13 , 16 , 61 , 62 , 66 , 98 , art, 142 , 148 , 150, 151 , 251 99 – 101 , 120 , 125 , 126, 131 , 136, consumption, 195 , 199 , 218 , 219 157 , 173 , 174 , 190 , 192 , 194 , 214 craft guilds, 48, 56 , 70 , 177 urban, memory , 100, 261 economic development, 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 , ideology, urban, 15 , 69 , 76 , 92 , 125 , 126 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 56 , 57 , 65 , 70 , 82 , 166 , 136 , 159 , 161 , 175 , 176 , 182 , 183 , 173, 179 186 , 190 , 218 , 260 , 261 elite, 70 , 73 , 76 bien commun , see common good gateway, 166 civility, 212 , 214 , 264

294 Index

ideology, urban (cont.) John of Bavaria, 100 common good, 97 – 8, 99 , 110 , 114 , 123 , John the Fearless, 100 , 102 , 112 175 , 190, 257 , 264 corporatism, 69 Kabeljauwen, faction, 76 , 112 correct government, 123 Kampen, 9 , 27 , 139 , 143 , 186 openness, 10 Keldermans, Antonis, 179 political culture, 126 , 258, 259 Keldermans, family, 178 political philosophy, 98 , 123 Keldermans, Jan, 178 political body, 54 Keldermans, Rombout, 179 res publicae , 114 Kempen, see Campine sacralisation, 145 Kerstkyn, schoolmaster, 225 subversion, 120 , 121 Kiliaen, Cornelis, 234 Ieperlee (river), 167 knowledge, 13, 20 , 168 – 9 , 220 – 54 IJssel (region) 9, 138 arithmetic, 224 , 226 IJssel (river), 9 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 39 , 56 , 138, bonae litterae , 244 , 250 166, 178 , 186 , 196 bookkeeping, 224 , 225 , 234 Ile-de-France, 29 cartography, 250 Imperial Flanders, 37 experimentation, 232 , 250 , 253 industrial revolution, 4, 30 foreign languages, 237 , 239 industrialisation, 29 , 195 , see also economy, geography, 225 urban humanities, 226 , 244 inequality, social, 15 , 63 , 70 , 75 , 88 , 92 , innovation, 14 , 182 , 200 169 , 198, 212 , 257 , 264 , see also literacy, 16, 220 , 224 , 226 , 228 , 233 , polarisation, social 240 , 252 , 260 infrastructure, urban, 62 , 163 , 164 , 165 , numeracy, 252 168 , 176 , 191 prescriptive vs propositional bridge, 18, 164 , 171, 176 knowledge, 231 castrum , 170 rhetoric, 240 citadel, 184 science, 250 crane, 171 technology, 169 , 176, 250 , 252 fortii cation, 18 , 120, 164 , 172 , 173 , writing, 224 , 226 , 228 , 233 , 240 185 , 251 Kortenberg, 113 harbour, 122 , 166 Kortrijk, 40 jetty, 165 craft guilds, 53 marketplace, 172 , 175 , 176 , 181 , 184 , 192 gateway, 165 road, 164, 167 , 183 middling groups, 72 streets, 171 , 192 princely interaction, 113, 119 tollhouse, 166 religion, 145 , 155 town, gate, 3 , 66 , 170 , 172, 183 , 185 , textile industry, 33 , 43 , 46 186 , 192 , 251 town accounts, 87 town, walls, 1 , 71 , 120 , 156 , 162 , 164 , urban society, 35 , 36 170 , 195 institutions, central laicisation, 130 , 227 supreme court, 11 Lanchals, Pieter, 123 , 124 institutions, municipal, 4 , 5 , 41 , 94 , 99 , 247 , land-owning class, 14 260 , see also government, municipal Latin, 220 , 224 , 237 – 9 , 243 Italy, 1 , 4 , 16 , 22 , 28 , 50 , 56 , 79 , 81 , 120, education, 20 130, 131 , 144 , 149 , 194 , 195 , 206 , handbooks, 237 207 , 210 , 233 , 237 , 244 , 259 law, municipal, 15 , 95 – 6 , 98 , 101 , 110 , 168 , 175, 210 , 259 Jambes, 176 administration of justice, 66 , 109 , 110 , Janssens, Lenaert, 121 176 , 247 Jerusalem, 149 canon law, 95 Jodoigne, 107 , 174 court, 35 John III of Brabant, 242 customary law, 24 , 96 , 103 , 107 , 114 , John IV of Brabant, 246 199 , 214

Index 295

law development, 93 , 97 , 99 Liège (prince-bishopric), 3 , 7 , 10 , 12 , 24 , legal, identity, 183 100 , 102 , 111 , 113 legal, services, 41 , 171 art, 148 oral tradition, 96 – 7 craft guilds, 56, 177 peace and order, 97 , 102 princely interaction, 12 , 113 , 165 property rights, 5 , 68 , 259 urban space, 170 Roman law, 95 , 110 Liège (town), 3, 5 , 100 , 120 , 162 , 166 , sumptuary law, 19 , 210 168 , 171 , 263 textualisation, 96 , 99 , 231 art, 50 town charter, 95 , 100 , 180 Beguinage, 137 urban charter, see privileges, municipal craft guilds, 69 voluntary judicial jurisdiction, 99 – 101 elite, 109 , 171 , 186 le Carlier, Tanne, spouse of Jehan, 209 gateway, 131, 165 league of towns, 113 market, 46, 172 Council of Kortenberg, 113 Mont Cornillon, Hospital of, 187 Leeuwarden, 136 , 157 municipal government, 106 , 111 Lefebvre, Henri, 162 perron , 96 , 162 Leiden, 44, 51 Pont des Arches, 166 art, 142 Prince- Bishop’s Palace, 172 consumption, 215 princely interaction, 119, 120, 131 , 166 craft guilds, 48, 54 , 70 religion, 137 , 138 elite, 65 , 67 , 72 , 73 , 105 Saint Lambert, Cathedral of, 172 market, 43 , 44 schools, 227 princely interaction, 102, 248 town accounts, 90 , 96 , 100 , 109 , 131 religion, 251 urban network, 27 schools, 222 , 251 , 258 urban society, 135 , 187 textile industry, 44 , 46 , 51 urban space, 174 , 178 , 181 , 189 urban charter, 24 Lier, 50 , 79 , 82 , 90 , 107 , 114 , 149 , 179 , 181 urban network, 11 , 26 , 30 , 79 , 167 Saint Gummarus, Church of, 179 urban space, 179 , 196 Lieve (canal), 167 Leie, 31 , 32 , 37 , 79 , 156, 167 Lille, 176 , 185 Leuven, 5 , 9 , 45 , 125 art, 50, 146 art, 50, 148 , 250 Beauregard, 176 craft guilds, 53, 97 , 110 , 118 gateway, 39, 165 elite, 109 , 112 Grand Place, 176 gateway, 165 Hospice Comtesse, 162 market, 30 , 42 , 47 , 174 market, 55 , 82 , 172 meat hall, 179 municipal government, 63 , 109 , 246 municipal government, 104 , 111 , population, 27 171, 174 princely interaction, 170 , 263 population, 27 religion, 135 , 145 , 155 princely interaction, 107, 114 , 165, 170 royal fortress, 185 religion, 132 , 137 , 145 schools, 225 Saint Peter, Chapter of, 246 textile industry, 41 , 43 schools, 222 , 234 , 243 , 245 , 246, 250 , town accounts, 100 251 , 258 urban network, 10 , 29 , 79 Terbank, leprosarium, 187 urban space, 162 textile industry, 30 , 43 Limburg, 28 , 97 , 112 town accounts, 86 , 96 , 104 , 106 Lipsius, Justus, 234 town hall, 179 literacy, see knowledge university, 222 , 243 , 250 literature, 16 , 94, 105 , 122 – 6 , 141 , 148 , urban charter, 24 151 , 159 , 205 urban network, 10 , 26 , 79 poetry, 16 , 122 , 152 , 153 , 220 , 223, 262 urban society, 104 , 187 religious texts, 141 , 152, 155 urban space, 172 , 178 , 179 , 181 urban history, 131 , 159 , 160 Levant, 44 Lo, 145 , 148

296 Index

Löhrmann, Dietrich, 168 furniture, 19, 50 , 194 , 195 , 199 , 201 , Lokeren, 37 202 , 205 – 7 , 214 , 218 , 263 London, 6 , 11 , 28 , 47 , 64 , 155 gifts, 217 Loon, 28 household objects, 195 , 199 lord, feudal, 24, 62 , 96 , 102 , 114 , 172, paintings, see art 173, 258 , 260 , see also seigneurie pewter objects, 208 – 9 , 211 seigneurial obligations, 35 probate inventories, 195, 200 , 202 , 207 , Louis of Male, 167 209 , 211 Louis of Nevers, 119 , 120 secondary markets, 210 Louvain, see Leuven silver objects, 208 , 211 , 212 , 217 Lower Lorraine, 107 tableware, 19, 194 , 201 , 203, 205 , Lucassen, Leo, 6 see also art: majolica; art: porcelain Luigi d’Aragona, 172 testament, 217 Luther, Martin, 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , textiles, 203 , 263 158 , 227 Matilda of Flanders, 102 Lutheranism, 158 Matte, Sebastiaan, 156 Luxembourg (country), 1 , 7 Matthew of Boulogne, 166 Luxembourg (principality), 11, 113 Matthijsz, Jan, 155 Luxembourg (town), 114 , 119 Maurice of Nassau, 248 luxury products, 19 , 20 , 22 , 46 , 50 , 51 , 72 , Maximilian of Austria, 40 , 81 , 114 , 82 , 174 , 200 , 210 , 211 , 218 , 222 , 121 , 125 238 , 249 , 252 , 257 , 263 Mechelen, 213, 250 Lyon, 135 art, 50, 149 , 202 Lys, see Leie craft guilds, 69 , 110 , 114 , 117 , 174 elite, 110 , 211 Maaseik, 43 gateway, 165 Maastricht, 46 , 116 , 164 , 165 Great Beguinage, 138 Saint Servatius, Chapter of, 131 market, 42, 81 , 250 town accounts, 131, 160 middling groups, 152 urban network, 27 municipal government, 111 , 121 , 246 Madrid, 28 population, 27 Maerlant, see van Maerlant, Jacob princely interaction, 11 , 102 , 114 , 182 , Malthus, Thomas, 75 , 86 249 , 263 manners, urban, 19 , 93 , 122 , 212 , religion, 132 , 138, 157 217 , 226, 227 , 253 , 264 , see also schools, 228, 242 discipline textile industry, 30 , 43 , 45 civilising process, 93 – 5 , 257 town accounts, 90 , 97 dining culture, 212 urban network, 26 etiquette book, 212 urban society, 76 , 118 Margaret of Austria, 179 urban space, 172 , 178 , 179 marginalisation, 91 , 215 , 218, 257 Medemblik, 44 Jews, 215 medicine, 232 , 238 lepers, 215 Menen, 40 , 49 , 53 , 55 prostitution, 103 , 215 Mercator, Gerard, 250 Martens, Dirk, 234 merchants, see trade Mary of Burgundy, 70 , 100, 114 Merula, Paulus, 215 material culture, 13, 19 – 20 , 72 , 192, 194 , Mesen, 120 201 , 216 , see also consumption; Meuse (river), 4 , 7 , 10 , 22 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , luxury products; economy, urban 31 , 32 , 34 , 39 , 46 , 57 , 164 , 166 , clothing, 19 , 84 , 87 , 139 , 200 , 203 , 204 , 168 , 176 205 , 209 – 10 , 215 , 218 Middelburg (Flanders), 211 decoration, 19 , 200 , 202 , 203, 204 , 205, Middelburg (Zeeland), 177 217 craft guilds, 223 design, 19, 205 , 217 , 254 elite, 73 diversii cation, 203 , 209 , 211 , 217 market, 72, 174 , 218 fashion, 46 , 49 , 204 , 217 meat hall, 179

Index 297

municipal administration, 100 Grand Hospital, 187 population, 45 market, 46, 173 , 174 religion, 135, 138 , 156 municipal government, 116 , 176, 177 town hall, 162 , 177 , 179 princely interaction, 114 urban network, 167 religion, 132 , 137 urban space, 162 , 179 Saint Gilles, Hospice of, 187 middle class, see middling groups Saint-Pierre- au- Château, Church of, middling groups, 14 , 15 , 18 , 21 , 32 , 46 , 181 57 , 63 , 65 , 67 , 68 , 71 , 74 , 75 , 83 , town accounts, 96 88 , 92 , 95 , 101, 111 , 122 , 124 , 125 , urban network, 27 126 , 144 , 145 , 147, 148 , 152 , 155 , urban society, 187 195, 198 , 201 , 207 , 208 , 211 , 224 , urban space, 165 , 170 , 176 , 178 , 179 , 227 , 241 , 244 , 249 , 253, 256 , 257 , 181 , 182 261 , 262 , 264 Naples, 28 identity, 71 neighbourhood, 59 , 74 , 76 work ethic, 227 Netherlands, 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 28 , 30 , 44 , 62 , 70 , migration, 9, 57 , 81 , 89 , 199 , 257 71 , 73 , 74 , 84 emigration, 9 , 158 art, 141 , 207 immigration, 13, 31 , 32 , 43 , 59 , 68 , 69 , consumption, 192 , 219 81, 93 , 186 , 218 , 252 princely interaction, 249 ‘life-cycle migration’, 32 religion, 128 , 132 Milan, 120 textile industry, 43 mobility, social, 15 , 21 , 65 , 216 , 239, urban network, 79 , 131 247, 253 urban space, 196 Mokyr, Joel, 231 network, social, 67, 104 monasticism, 135 – 40 , 151 , 154 , 159 , 227 clan, 75 , 76 , 77 , 171 cloister, 137 faction, 76 , 109 , 112 , 125 , 159 ’via media’ , 137 , 138 social security, 104 , 188 Mongolian steppe, 80 new institutional economics, 41 Monnet, Pierre, 130 New World, 20 , 38 , 42 , 44 , 85 Mons, 28, 50 , 170 , 173, 215 Nieuwkerke, 49, 53 , 54 , 55 elite, 73 Nieuwpoort, 29 , 37 , 110 , 145 , 148, 149 , Maison de la Paix, 164 166, 167 market, 172 Nijmegen, 9 , 44 , 164 , 227 municipal government, 91 , 176 urban network, 27 Porte du Parc, 185 Nivelles, 96 , 107 , 114 , 168 , 174 Saint Waudru, Chapter of, 170, 174 nobility, 14 , 15 , 61 , 68 , 71 – 4, 166 , 194 , Saint Waudru, Church of, 178 210 , 212 , 216 , 259 Saint Waudru, market of, 172 gentry, 68 town accounts, 90 , 96 , 171 knights, 73 urban space, 174 , 178 , 181 , 185 Normandy, 147 Mont, Hannin, 106 North Sea, 9 , 26 , 27 , 37 morality, 103 , 104 , 106 , 122 , 148 , 158, 217 , 254 Oostende, see Ostend sexuality, 122 , 216 Oosterbant, 211 Muchembled, Robert, 93 , 94 , 105 Oosterman, Johan, 141 Münster, 155 Orléans, 98 Ostend, 37, 79 Naarden, 81 Otbert of Liège, 166 Najemy, John, 96 Othée, 100 Namur (county), 7 , 56 , 165 Oudenaarde, 40 , 50 , 214 princely interaction, 258 art, 50, 203 Namur (town), 24 , 168 , 176 craft guilds, 116 Cabaret, 176 middling groups, 146 craft guilds, 53 municipal government, 214 gateway, 165 princely interaction, 112

298 Index

Oudenaarde (cont.) beggary, 59 , 91 , 228 religion, 145 charity, 63 , 89 – 90 , 213 schools, 225 discipline, 89 , 92 textile industry, 33 , 43 , 46 , 156 discourse, 14, 89 , 91 town hall, 180 deserving poor, 91 urban network, 29 undeserving poor, 61 , 91 urban society, 35 , 147 orphans and foundlings, 228 urban space, 180 poor (social category), 14 , 21 , 59 , 63 , Oudenbosch, 240 80 , 187 , 257 Oudenburg, 145 , 148 poor relief, 89, 91 , 132 , 143 , 158 , Overijssel, 1 , 28 , 47 , 148 228 , 231 Oversticht, 139 poor table, 90 poorhouse, 90 Pacii cation of Ghent, 114 vagrancy, 59, 92 Pafraet, Richard, 234 Prevenier, Walter, 201 Palladio, Andrea, 206 prince, 12 , 15 , 81 , 112 , 119 , 161 , 165 , Paris, 11 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 120 , 245, 246 , 249 175 , 260 , 261 university, 245 , 246 central authorities, 68 , 94 , 105 , 107 , parish, 18 , 62 , 89 , 91 , 96 , 132 , 137 , 142, 112 , 114 , 118 , 153 , 165 , 248 , 258 170 , 192 , 228 Concessio Carolina , 113 identity, 132 i scality, 110 , 259 pastoral care, 132 , 142 princely residence, see court table of the Holy Spirit, see poverty: poor state-building, 105 , 180 , 182 , 185 , table 211 , 255 patriciate, 66, 171 , 186 , 194 , 224 , 259 , principality, 3, 7 see also elite, urban principality, ecclesiastical, 131, 258 periphery, 28, 34 printing, 223 , 239 , 254 perron , 96 , 162 , 175 book production, 49 , 152 , 205 , 220 , Petrarch, 131 234 , 263 Petrus a Thymo, 161 educational books, 234 Philip II Augustus, king of France, 109 engraving, 205 Philip II, king of Spain, 114 , 120 , 157 , pamphlets and l yers, 121 158 , 173, 251 printing press, 20 , 142 , 212 , 220 , Philip IV the Fair, king of France, 111 , 185 233 , 237 Philip of Alsace, 166 publishing, 223 , 234 Philip of Cleves, 121 privileges, municipal, 11, 22 , 36 , 72 , Philip the Bold, 102 113 – 14 , 126 , 167 , 180 , 259 , Philip the Fair, 179 , 210 261 , see also law, municipal; law, Philip the Good, 102, 112, 118 , 176 , 178 , municipal:town charter 185 , 186, 246 , 249 , 250 proletarisation, 48 , 51 , 68 Picardy, 35 , 37 , 57 , 99 , 107 , 147 , 181 property (land), 33 , 36 , 64 , 68 piety, lay, 140– 5 , 157 , 262 ‘betrayal of the bourgeoisie’, 65 Pirenne, Henri, 3, 4 , 5 , 49 , 51 , 66 , 111 , rents, 64 115 Protestantism, 17 , 120 , 128 , 211 Plancius (aka Platevoet), Petrus, 248 provisioning, urban, 32 Plantin, Christophe, 234 , 238 Prussia, 35 , 37 , 57 Pleij, Herman, 93 , 94 , 95 Ptolemy, 250 Po Valley 28 polarisation, social, 15 , 21 , 61 , 68 , 70 , 87 , Ramakers, Bart, 146 101 , 128 , 201 , 216 , 218 , 257, 259 ramparts, town, 169 , 170 , 183 , 185 , see polder model, 6 infrastructure, urban: town, walls Pollmann, Judith, 158 raw materials, 26 , 31 , 32 poorter , see citizenship charcoal, 46 Poperinge, 29 , 49 , 52 coal, 46 Portugal, 40 lime, 65 poverty, 21 , 71 , see also caritas ; parish linen, see textile industry

Index 299

metals, 34 , 46 , 57 river, 9 – 11 , 31 , 165 , 166 , 168 , 178 , 256, natural stone, 34 , 46 , 171 see also transport bluestone, 179 delta, 9 , 256 limestone, 179 , 196 network, 9, 167 , 256, 259 sandstone, 179 Robert of Aire , 166 peat, 34, 46 – 7, 57 , 65 , 110 , 166, 256 Rocamadour, 106 wood, 34 Roeselare, 49 wool, 34 , 42 , 49 Rome, 66 rebellion, urban, see revolt, urban Ronse, 42 , 49 Reformation, 17 , 114 , 128 – 30 , 151 , 154 , Rotterdam, 44 , 46 222 , 227 , 231 , 244 , 253 urban network, 168 Réginard of Liège, 166 Rupel (river), 118 religion, urban, 16 , 64 , 140 , 148 , 157 , see also clergy; Church (institution); ‘s- Hertogenbosch parish craft guilds, 118 beguine movement, 17 , 76 , 137 – 8 gateway, 39 beghards, 138 market, 42 , 85 , 172 , 173 Catholic revival, 158 , 159 municipal government, 111 Devotio Moderna , 17 , 138 , 141 population, 27 economy of salvation, 141 , 152 , 157 princely interaction, 112 , 113 Marian devotion, 153 religion, 119 , 139 , 157 mendicant orders, 17 , 90 , 99 , 110 , 118 , schools, 227 , 228 135 , 175 , 187, 188 textile industry, 43 ideal of poverty, 135 town accounts, 86 , 87 , 88 , 100 , 160 pastoral care, 135 urban charter, 24 women, 137 urban network, 10 , 79 , 87 Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows, 150 urban society, 198 pluriformity of religious ideas, 153 , 154 urban space, 170 religious, culture, 17 Vughterdijk, 170 religious experience, 141 , 144 Saint-Omer religious orders, 130 , 159 , 251 craft guilds, 213 spiritual vs material, 130 , 140 , 141 , 142 , elite, 64, 109 144 , 157 , 218 gateway, 165 Third Order, 138 municipal government, 63 Renaissance, 20, 179 , 194 , 220 , 222 , 232 , population, 27 239 , 241 princely interaction, 105 Republic, 6 , 16 , 44 , 45 , 115 , 233 , 255 , 260 textile industry, 45 republicanism, 16 town accounts, 63 , 99 retail, 78 , 87 , 88 urban network, 10 , 29 , 79 revolt, urban, 11 , 16 , 69 , 70 , 97 , 98 , 107 , urban society, 71 109 – 13 , 115 – 21 , 123 – 5 , 127 , 259 Scheldt (river), 10 , 22 , 27 , 31 , 32 , 37 , 40 , rhetoricians, see chambers of rhetoric 79 , 160 , 165 , 218 Rhine (river), 9, 10 , 22 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 34 , 35 , Schiedam, 138, 168 39 , 41 , 70 , 113 , 155 , 165 Schilling, Heinz, 158 Rhône (river), 10 Schollaert, Joos, 243 rights, municipal, see privileges, municipal schools riot, urban, see revolt, urban Bonnefantenschool , 228 rituals, urban, 13 , 192 , 261 Brethren of the Common Life, 227, 242 ‘joyous entries, 113 , 182 , 241, 262 chapter school, 241 – 2 ommegangen , see rituals, urban: pageants convent school, 242 pageants, 54 , 145 , 146, 149 , 241 , 249 grammar school, see Latin school tableaux vivants , 146 , 182 humanist school, 234 processions, 17 , 54 , 130 , 145 , 150 , 158 , Latin school, 238 , 240, 241 – 4 , 245 159 , 182 , 191 , 261 monastery school, 224 network, 149 municipal school, 20, 222 , 242 , 243 town festival, 241 parish school, 224, 241

300 Index

schools (cont.) Stabel, Peter, 103 private school, 20 , 243 stability, social, see cohesion, social religious school, 158 , 159 , 178 , 188 , 226 standard of living, 85 – 6, 156 , 200 , 209 , scholastic, 224 , 242 see also economy, urban schoolbooks, 226 , 234 – 8 cost of living, 80 schoolmasters, 148 , 154 , 223 , 224 golden age of labour, 46 Sunday school, 228 , 253 purchasing power, 48 , 84 , 85 –7 , 208 , trade school, 20 209 , 210 scientii c revolution, 20 , 223, 253 wages, see economy, urban Scotland, 47 staple rights, 36 – 7 sea, 256, see also transport Stavoren, 28, 96 i shing, 29 , 43 , 57 Steenvoorde, 156 harbour, see port Stevin, Simon, 248 port, 37 , 43 , 72 , 79 , 166 , 167 Surlet, family, 174 shipping, 37, 167 Switzerland, 154 seigneurie, 7, 11 , 73 self- governance, see autonomy, municipal Taverne, Ed, 6 Serlio, Sebastiano, 206 tension, social, see conl ict, social Sersanders, Daneel, 112 territory, boundary, 10, 44 Sforza, dynasty, 120 territory, princely, 7 , 113 , 165 , 166 Simons, Walter, 136 , 137 territory, urban, 1 , 5 , 62 , 71 , 170 , 181 , 184 Sint- Maartensdijk, 211 families, 76 Sint- Niklaas, 37 textile industry, 22 , 29 , 42 , 47 , 49 , 77 , 79 , Sint- Truiden, 9 , 103 , 117 , 118 87 , 90 , 137 , 155 , 168 , 174 , 201 , 210 , Sittard, 242 226 , 229 , see also economy, urban Sluis, 29 baize, 43 Smeken, Jan, 149 , 150 broadcloth, 36, 39 , 203 sociability, 213 cloth, 20 , 39 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 51 , dining culture, 213 , 218 78 , 202 society, urban, 60 – 1 , 154, 216 , 256 , 257 clothiers, 49, 53 , 54 , 72 , 78 , 84 , 87 culture des apparences , 200 damask, 43 , 203 diversity, 62 , 83 , 128 , 169 decline, 49 harmony, see cohesion, social drapery, 49 social boundaries, 209 , 210, 217 drapiers , see textile industry:clothiers social resilience, 15 , 61 , 79 , 256 , 257 , 264 embroidery, see art social transgressions, see society, urban: fustian, 51 , 203 social boundaries kerseys, 203 solidarity, 71 , 74 , 89 light draperies, 203 three estates, 61 linen, 36 , 39 , 43 , 51 , 54 , 78 , 87 , 210 , 214 Soignies, 97 quality, 36 , 47 , 49 , 82 , 84 , 90 , 174 , 175, Soly, Hugo, 86 210 space, urban, 13 , 18 , 68 , 71 , 139 , 162 , satin, 203 164 , 176 , 190 , 196, 262 say, 43 , 49 cartography, 163 serge, 156 marketplace, 96 , 132 , 262 silk, 40 , 50 , 51 , 204 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 218 meanings of space, 162 – 3 , 173 , 182 , silver or gold brocade, 203 190 , 191 tapestry, see art mental geography, 174 textile, workers, 48 morphology, 46 velvet, 203 , 210 public sphere, 139 , 148 , 191 weaving, 87, 110 , 112 relocation, 172, 180 wool, 34 , 36 , 39 , 47 , 54 , 203 , 210 social topography, 71 woollen broadcloth, 45 spatial turn, 18, 162, 190 woollen cloth, 46 toponymy, 71 The Hague, 31, 178 , 198, 211 , 246 , 258 , Spain, 34 , 114 , 173 , 207 263 square, 117 , 124, 164 , 172 , 179 , 192 De Blauwe Schaar, 198

Index 301

theatre, 146 , 150 , 159 , 223 , 262 , see also international, 44 , 54 , 56 , 257 chambers of rhetoric interregional, 38 – 45 competition, 149, 152 merchant hall, 18 , 164 , 173 – 4 , 177 esbattementen , 148 merchants, 14 , 21 , 38 , 48 , 54 , 55 , 59 , 62 , puys , 147 64 , 68, 69 , 72 , 83 , 84 – 5 , 87 , 115 , sociétés joyeuses , 146 118 , 166 , 181 , 220 , 231 , 234 , 264 Theoduinus of Liège, 96 German Hanse, 40 Thérouanne, 120 , 131 hanse, 63 Thierry of Alsace, 147 , 166 mother trade, 44 Thuin, 102 , 120 network, 38 Tiel, 63, 165 rich trade, 44 Tielt, 36 , 89 , 145 trading, techniques, 39 Tienen, 9 , 81 , 107 , 119 , 178 wholesale, 73 Timback, Gerard, 85 trade, maritime, 39 , 257 , see also sea time, urban, 181 network, 26 clockwork, 181 transport, 13 , 166 , 257 , see also sea; river Tongeren, 117 , 120, 131 , 164, 174 gateway town, 14 , 38, 39 , 258 , 260 Tournai, 180 , 245 , 249 , 263 land route, 9 , 39 art, 49, 50 river, 9 , 10 , 13 , 26 – 7, 28 , 29 – 30 , 31 , 32 , belfry, 162 , 180 , 182 34 – 5, 37 , 38 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 164 , craft guilds, 117, 177 165 , 166 , 168 , 184 , 191 elite, 64 tolls, 10 , 72 , 164 , 172 , 186 gateway, 131 , 164 , 165 transportation, cost, 50 , 257 middling groups, 149 water, 174, 179 municipal government, 63 , 109 Trent, 144, 228 population, 27 Trio, Paul, 144 princely interaction, 131, 182 Turnhout, 152 religion, 131, 132 , 145 , 155 , 157 , 261 schools, 228 United Kingdom of the Netherlands, textile industry, 43 see Netherlands town accounts, 90 , 97 , 131 United Provinces, see Republic urban network, 79 , 181 universities, 20 , 30 , 226 , 232, 234 , 240 , urban space, 162 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 184, 241 , 243 , 244 – 8 , 250 , 251 , 258 189 , 196 jurists, 247 Toussaert, Jacques, 142 Trilingual College, 250 town– countryside relationship, 22, 29 , 31 , uprising, urban, see revolt, urban 33 – 4, 46 , 49 , 54 , 62 , 65 – 6 , 71 – 2, urban history, 1 – 7 74 , 81 , 156 , 166 , 183 , 217 , 257 , urbanisation, 6 , 9 , 17 , 24 , 28 , 31 , 45 , 65 , see also agriculture 131 – 5, 139 , 165 , 231 , 245 , 255 , cottage industry, 33 256 , 257 exploitation, 31 de-urbanisation, 1 , 44 power relations, 31 , 36 model of the Low Countries, 28, 29 , 30 , proto- industrialisation, 43 31 , 139, 256 rural industry, 42 – 3 , 72 percentage, 22 , 50 , 139 surplus extraction, 36 pre- urban nuclei, 169 , 170 town hall, 18 , 96 , 100 , 119, 121 , 162, 175 , process, 17 , 22 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 38 , 45 , 47 , 177 – 8 , 180 , 185 , 261 57 , 62 , 65 , 71 , 79 , 131 , 139 , 151 , 169 trade, 35 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 57 , 64 , 68 , 124 , ratio, 1 , 22 , 26 , 33 , 35 , 136 126 , 165 , 166, 176 , 212 , see also resilience of the urban system, 9, 31 , 81 economy, urban social consequences, 71 agents, 42 , 48 , 55 suburbanisation, 1 commercial, institutions, 39 urban network, 1 , 12 , 22 – 31 , 49 , 60 , 79 , commercial, transactions, 41 149 , 256 , 258 company, commercial, 42 competition, 178 share-holding, 43 urban potential, 27 fair, 40 , 42 urbanisation ratio, 31

302 Index

Utrecht (prince-bishopric), 186 van Hoboken, family, 76 art, 148 van Immerseel, family, 73 religion, 132, 139 van Leeuwen, Jan, 123 Utrecht (town), 144 , 263 van Leiden, Jan, 155 Buurkerk, 143 van Lemego, Johan, 161 craft guilds, 56, 70 van Leyden, Philips, 98 Dom, 142 van Lichtervelde, Jacob, 102 gateway, 131 , 165 , 166 van Maerlant, Jacob, 16 , 122 , 123 market, 44, 47 , 173 van Maldeghem, Arnold, 245 middling groups, 152 van Mansdale, family, 178 municipal government, 111 , 246 Van Melle, Jan, 119 population, 45 van Orley, Bernard, 154 princely interaction, 11 , 113 , 131 van Os, Peter, 160 religion, 136 , 146 van Pede, Hendrik, 180 schools, 227 van Poelgeest, family, 73 town accounts, 96 van Ruusbroec, Jan, 204 urban society, 142 van Ruysbroek, Jan, 177 urban space, 120 , 143, 196 van Schoonbeke, Gilbert, 169 Van Uytven, Raymond, 5 , 14 Valenciennes, 28, 50 van Werveke, Hans, 5 art, 147 van Wesele, family, 76 , 250 belfry, 180 van Zanden, Jan Luiten, 75 , 233 elite, 73 van Zwieten, family, 73 Grand Place, 180 vanden Coornhuuse, Gillis, 206 municipal government, 63 vanden Rake, Jan, 245 population, 27 Vauchez, André, 128 princely interaction, 180 Veere, 46, 72 , 156 , 167 religion, 137 , 145 , 155 , 156 , 157 Venice, 27 , 28 , 261 schools, 225 Vercauteren, Ferdinand, 5 textile industry, 43 Verhoeven, Gerrit, 151 town accounts, 63 , 96 , 161 vernacular urban space, 170, 180 administration, 16 , 99 – 100 values and norms, see ideology; urban etiquette books, 213 , see also manners, van Artevelde, Jacob, 113 urban van Boendale, Jan, 123 , 125, 161 , 204 handbooks, 237 van Borssele, family, 72 instruction books, 223 van Boschuysen, family, 72 , 73 literature, 150, 220, 238 Van Bruaene, Anne-Laure, 95 religious texts, 140 – 1 , 153 , 237 van Buyten, Cornelis, 205 Verviers, 4 van Campene, Cornelis, 243 Vesalius, Andreas, 232 , 250 van Campene, Philips, 243 Veurne, 29 , 132 , 172 van Cotthem, Wein, 125 Our Lady and Saint Walpurga, Chapter van Dalem, Andries Pieterszoon, 198 of, 132 van der Elst, family, 76 Vijd, Joos, 141 van der Elst, Nicolaas, 154 Villers, 224 van der Heyden (à Myrica), Gaspar, 250 Vilvoorde, 114 , 137, 168 van der Luere, Boudewijn, 159 violence, 16 , 112 , 115 , 116 , 124 , 213 van der Molen, family, 55 Visé, 120 Van der Wee, Herman, 5, 47 , 200 Vives, Juan Luis, 91 , 226 , 228 , 242 , 243 van der Weyden, Rogier, 249 Vlissingen, 72 , 167 , 178 van Deventer, Jacob, 184, 250 Voorne, 211 Van Dijck, Maarten, 105 vroedschap , 67 , 73 , see also elite, urban van Dixhoorn, Arjan, 151 van Dixmude, Jan, 209 Waal (river), 29 van Dommele, Hector, 227 Waas, Land van, 37 van Ghistele, Gheeraard, 217 Walcheren, 167

Index 303

Walloon Flanders, 10, 147 Ypres, 123, 167 , 168 , 174 Walraversijde, 37 art, 148 war, 36 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 125 , 167 , 171, 259 , belfry, 174 see also infrastructure, urban: cloth hall, 115 , 162 , 174 , 176 town walls; ramparts craft guilds, 52 , 115 city militia, 59 , 72 , 100, 263 gateway, 165 factional conl ict, 76 market, 30 , 37 , 172 , 174 , 258 plunder, 81 middling groups, 210 siege warfare, 81 , 184 municipal government, 91 , 106 , 109 , urban demolition, 5 , 120 174 , 176 water management, 7 , 33 , 166 , 168 – 9 , 175 population, 27 , 80 canal house, 199 religion, 132 , 136 , 145 canalisation, 33 , 46 , 164 , 166 , 167 , 256 textile industry, 45 drainage, 166 town accounts, 32 , 99 dyke, 65 urban network, 10 , 28 , 29 , 79 , 113 sluice, 166 – 7 urban society, 71 , 77 source of energy, 168 urban space, 162 waterway, see transport: river Weber, Max, 4 Zeeland, 7, 9 , 12 , 100 Weert, 42, 43 art, 148 , 151 , 251 weigh house, 18 , 164 , 171 , 173 economic development, 33 , 34 , 46 , 57 , Wenceslas of Brabant, 112 65 Wesel, 250 elite, 72 , 73 Westkapelle, 72 market, 44 , 72 , 218 Westphalia, 35 middling groups, 251 Willems, Wim, 6 municipal government, 100 William Clito, 107 population, 45 William IV of Bavaria, 100 princely interaction, 258 , 261 William of Normandy, 12 religion, 132, 135 , 139 , 150 , 156, 158 women, 63 , 78 – 9 , 103 , 150 , 189 , 209 , 215 urban network, 30 , 49 , 167 beguines, see also religion, urban urban society, 255 discourse, 125 Zenne (river), 32 education, 79, 242 Zierikzee, 46, 135 , 138 gender division, 77 , 214 Zottegem, 37 gender equality, 77 Zoutleeuw, 9 , 90 , 96 , 107 , 110, 119 , ideology, 15 149 , 174 labour, 75 , 77 , 86 Zuiderzee, 27 , 28 , 166 legal status, 78 Zuilen, 211 marriage, 75 Zutphen, 9 , 81 , 173 patriarchy, 77 – 9 Zwin, 40 servants, 32 , 78 , 214 , 229 Zwolle, 27 , 44 , 136 , 139 , 152 , 196 , 242 widowhood, 103 , 199 , 215 Grote School, 241