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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47468-9 — City and Society in the Low Countries, 1100–1600 Edited by Bruno Blondé , Marc Boone , Anne-Laure Van Bruaene Index More Information 285 Index Aachen, 117 Eiermarkt, 59 , 61 Aalst, 29 , 35 , 109 , 234 , 240 elite, 71 , 73 , 76 , 110 , 169 , 198 gateway, 165 gateway, 14 , 29 , 38 , 43 , 44 , 55 , 56 , 57 , Aardenburg, 117 165 , 258 Abbenbroek, 150 market, 5 , 19 , 30 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 55 , Abundus, 224 59 , 81 , 85 , 87 , 156 , 205 , 218 , 250 administration, municipal, 99 – 101 , 107 , middling groups, 85 , 88 , 89 , 150 , 152 118 – 20 , 175 , 220 , 247 municipal government, 92 , 106 , 114 , chirograph, 99 – 100 154 , 196 , 217 , 247 agriculture, 4 , 7 , 13 , 26 , 29 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 , Our Lady, Chapter of, 179 43 , 47 , 62 , 78 , 218 , 256 Our Lady, Church of, 142 Aire- sur- la-Lys, 63 Our Lady, hospital of, 187 Alberghi, family, 76 population, 27 , 59 , 80 Albert I of Bavaria, 168 princely interaction, 11 , 56 , 107 , 112 , Alberti, Leon Battista, 206 113 , 114 , 119 aldermen’s house, 164 , 176 , 177 , 182 religion, 132 , 145 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , Alkmaar, 88 , 179 157 , 158 alliance between towns, see league Saint Elisabeth, hospital of, 187 of towns Saint George, Church of, 153 almshouse, 18 , 89 , 164 , 175 Saint James, Church of, 153 Alva, duke of, 185 Saint James, parish of, 135 Amay, 165 schools, 222 , 225 , 228 , 232 , 237 , 243 Ameide, Wouter, 41 , 54 Stock exchange, 178 , 179 Amsterdam, 6 , 28 , 44 , 51 , 258 , 260 textile industry, 42 , 203 gateway, 14 , 29 , 38 , 44 , 56, 57 , 258 town accounts, 96 , 160 market, 35 , 37 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 town hall, 178 , 185 religion, 155 , 157 urban network, 10 , 11 , 21 , 26 , 28 , 30 , schools, 248 33 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 45 , 79 , 260 town accounts, 160 urban society, 59 , 60 , 79 , 135 , 142 , 187 , urban network, 11 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 39 , 212 79 , 167 urban space, 120 , 178 , 179 , 181 , 185 urban space, 178 Antwerpen, see Antwerp Anabaptism, 154 Anvers, see Antwerp anti- clericalism, 140 – 1 , 151 archaeology, urban, 165 , 168 , 203 , 208 Antwerp (province), 26 architecture, urban, 6 , 18 , 41 , 162 , 174 , Antwerp (town), 37 , 40 , 50 , 55 , 89 , 237 , 178 – 80 , 192 , 196 , see also house, 247 , 258 , 260 urban art, 49 , 50 , 59 , 123 , 125 , 142 , 152 , 200 , Brabantine Gothic, 179 202 , 207 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 218 , 232 , petrii cation, 171 , 183 , 196 , 218 252 regulations, 196 consumption, 199 , 204 , 209 , 212 Tertiary Gothic, 180 craft guilds, 53 , 55 , 86 , 114 , 174 , 223 urban planning, 6 285 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47468-9 — City and Society in the Low Countries, 1100–1600 Edited by Bruno Blondé , Marc Boone , Anne-Laure Van Bruaene Index More Information 286 286 Index Aristotle, 253 autonomy, municipal, 16 , 62 , 96 , 107 , 114 , Armentières, 29 , 40 , 41 , 49 159 , 258 , 264 Arnemuiden, 167 enclave, 62 , 137 , 169 – 70 , 183 , 189 Arnhem, 9 , 244 legal autonomy, 101 Arquennes, 179 Arras Bacon, Roger, 232 art, 50 , 147 Baldwin the pretender, 180 craft guilds, 69 , 213 Baldwin, count of Flanders (VIII) and elite, 64 Hainaut (V), 102 gateway, 165 Baltic Sea, 26 , 35 municipal government, 109 Baltics, 34 , 37 , 41 , 44 population, 27 Barbezaen, Claes, 185 princely interaction, 105 Barlandus, Adrianus, 243 town accounts, 99 Bartolus of Sassoferrato, 101 urban network, 10 , 29 , 79 beguinage, 137 , 189 art, 49 , 50 , 154 , 189 , 194, 207 , 232 , 249 , behavioural codes, see manners, urban 252 , 263 belfry, 18 , 100 , 121 , 162 , 174 , 175 , 176 , church music, 132 , 143 177 , 180 – 1 , 182 , 184 , 261 embroidery, 50 Belgium, 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 28 , 30 , 51 glass, 252 bell, town, 175 , 178 , 180 – 1 , 192 gold- and silversmiths, 154 , 232 Bentheim, 179 jewellery, 201 Bergen-op-Zoom, 40 , 149 , 179 majolica, 207 , 211 , 232 , 252 , see also urban space, 179 material culture:tableware Bergen-op-Zoom, lords of, 179 painting, 49 , 154 , 200 , 205 , 207 , 211 , Bergues, 29 , 132 218 , 263 Saint Martin, Chapter of, 132 porcelain, 208 , see also material Berlin, 28 culture:tableware Biervliet, 29 , 166 sculpture, 49 , 178 , 232 Bijns, Anna, 125 , 153 stonecutting, 178 , 179 Billen, Claire, 7 tapestry, 50, 54 , 82 , 154 , 189 Binche, 168 woodcut, 50 , 160 Black Death, 48 , 75 , 77 Artesia, see Artois Bladelin, Peter, 211 artisans, 46 , 48 , 59 , 68 , 87 , 112 , 157 , Blankenberge, 37 178 , 198 , 210 , 220 , 226 , 232 , Blockmans, Wim, 201 233 , 238 , 244 , 251 , 253 , see also Bode, family, 76 guilds, craft Boendale, see van Boendale, Jan apprenticeship, see education: Bois- le- duc, see ’s- Hertogenbosch apprenticeship Bolsward, 136 master artisans, 33 , 50 , 55 , 70 , 125 , 148 , Borgloon, 103 , 117 212 , 226 , 241 Borluut, Elisabeth, 141 Artois, 24 , 37 Borluut, family, 65 , 66 economic development, 29 , 35 Bosch, Hieronymus, 211 market, 56 , 57 bourgeoisie, 4 , 15 , 194 , 255 , 257 municipal government, 64 Brabant, 3 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 16 , 19 , 21 , 24 , 26 , population, 27 , 80 34 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 69 , 80 , 86 , 107 , 123 , religion, 261 132 , 178 , 249 textile industry, 42 , 57 , 69 art, 148 , 149 , 150 , 240 , 251 urban network, 10 , 30 , 38 , 49 , 79 consumption, 218 , 219 urban society, 78 craft guilds, 52 , 56 , 69 , 173 , 177 arts, 222 economic development, 34 , 56 , 82 , artes - literature, 237 86 , 179 liberal, 222 , 232 , 233 , 241 , 253 elite, 73 , 224 mechanical, 222 , 232 , 233 , 253 market, 30 , 40 , 47 , 56 , 57 Ath, 102 municipal government, 65 , 100 , 109 Atlantic Rim, 26 population, 27 , 35 , 80 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47468-9 — City and Society in the Low Countries, 1100–1600 Edited by Bruno Blondé , Marc Boone , Anne-Laure Van Bruaene Index More Information 287 Index 287 princely interaction, 11 , 12 , 96 , 107 , 113 , art, 49 , 50 , 123 , 126 , 149 , 153 , 249 123 , 171 , 181 , 210 , 249 , 258 , 261 Baliënplein, 179 religion, 135 , 138 , 154 , 156 , 157 , 261 Broodhuis, 175 , 179 schools, 225 , 232 , 234 , 242 , 245 , 246 Chapel Church, 170 , 184 textile industry, 36 , 43 , 49 , 57 , 69 Coudenberg, 178 , 179 , 249 town accounts, 161 craft guilds, 114 , 174 urban network, 10 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 38 , 39 , elite, 73 , 171 , 211 45 , 49 , 79 , 181 , 260 gateway, 165 urban society, 78 , 92 , 255 Grand Place, 176 , 179 , 181 urban space, 174 , 196 market, 172 , 174 , 175 Breda middling groups, 150 , 154 textile industry, 43 municipal government, 111 , 121 , 159 , British Isles, 34 , 47 171 , 174 , 246 Brouwershaven, 72 population, 27 Brown, Andrew, 147 princely interaction, 11 , 30 , 107 , 114 , Bruegel the Elder, Pieter, 59 121 , 166 , 169 , 170 , 175 , 249 , 263 Bruges, 3 , 9 , 17 , 41 , 50 , 91 , 102 , 112 , 126 , religion, 137 , 145 , 156 , 157 , 158 147 , 174 , 180 , 237 , 258 Saint John, Hospital of, 187 art, 49 , 50 , 125 , 141 , 149 , 203 Saint Nicholas, Church of, 121 belfry, 180 schools, 227 , 242 Beursplein, 41 Steenpoort, 170 Bogardenschool, 227 textile industry, 30 , 45 , 82 cloth hall, 78 , 176 , 180 town accounts, 96 , 160 consumption, 197 , 208 town hall, 162 craft guilds, 53 , 55 , 103 , 114 , 206 , 207 urban network, 10 , 11 , 26 , 30 , 45 , 79 elite, 64 , 66 , 72 , 186 urban society, 118 , 187 gateway, 14 , 38 , 39 , 42 , 44 , 55 , 56 , 165 , urban space, 120 , 162 , 170 , 172 , 177 , 167 , 258 178 , 179 , 181 , 182 , 184 , 249 market, 19 , 30 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 46 , Bruxelles, see Brussels 47 , 54 , 82, 174 buitenpoorter, see citizenship: outburgher middling groups, 68 , 71 , 84 , 85 , 145 , Burckhardt, Jacob, 194 147 , 188 , 210 burgher, see citizenship municipal government, 63 , 91 , 106 , 109 , Burgundian- Habsburg dynasty, 7 , 11 , 17 , 111 , 123 , 159 , 176 , 196 , 210 150 , 260 , 262 population, 27 , 46 , 80 Busleyden, Jeronimus, 250 princely interaction, 107 , 112 , 114 , 119 , Buylaert, Frederik, 105 170 , 182 , 186 , 248 , 263 religion, 104 , 132 , 136 , 137 , 146 , 156 , Cailleu, Colijn, 149 157 , 158 , 189 , 227 Calais, 55 , 166 Saint Donatian, Chapter of, 132 Calvin, John, 155 Saint John, Hospital of, 187 Calvinism, 120 , 154 – 6 , 157 , 251 , 254 schools, 225 , 227 Calvinist Republics, 157 textile industry, 41 , 42 , 78 Cambrai, 63 , 263 town accounts, 86 , 87 , 90 , 99 , 159 , gateway, 131 245 , 261 princely interaction, 131 urban network, 10 , 28 , 29 , 33 , 39 , 40 , religion, 137 , 146 41 , 79 , 113 , 260 Campine, 26 , 42 , 43 urban society, 124 , 136 , 186 , 187 canal, 167 urban space, 160 , 170 , 178 , 180 , canalisation, 167 , 168 184 , 196 capital (territory), 10 , 11 , 28 , 246 , 249 water hall, 174 Cardon, Georges, 220 Wisselbrug, 41 caritas , 187 – 90 Brugge, see Bruges Carlier, Myriam, 103 Brussel, see Brussels Castile, 258 Brussels, 5 , 40 , 132 , 168 , 169 , 186 , Catholicism, 17 , 128 249 , 250 Cele, Johan, 242 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47468-9 — City and Society in the Low Countries, 1100–1600 Edited by Bruno Blondé , Marc Boone , Anne-Laure Van Bruaene Index More Information 288 288 Index chambers of rhetoric, 15 , 17 , 93 – 5 , 122 , confraternities, 69 , 74 , 130 , 136 , 137 , 140 , 124 – 6 , 146 , 150 , 151 – 2 , 213 , 220 , 143 , 144 , 152 , 175 , 178 , 213 , 215 , 223 , 240 , 251 , 253 , 262 see also religion, urban Champagne, 39 , 47 , 56 charity, 69 , 144 Charles the Bold, 102 , 119 , 120 , 186 devotion, 69 Charles the Good, 63 , 107 hospital, 144 Charles V, emperor, 11 , 91 , 100 , 112 , 114 ,
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  • Waterkwaliteit Dat De Demer Ook Een Tong

    Waterkwaliteit Dat De Demer Ook Een Tong

    Vraag nr. 131 steld met een kwaliteitsklasse "aanvaardbaar" van 19 maart 2004 (groen). van mevrouw RIET VAN CLEUVENBERGEN De Belgische Biotische Index, die een maatstaf Demer Tongeren – Waterkwaliteit is voor de biodiversiteit qua aquatische, benti- sche ongewervelden, schommelde begin de ja- Dat de Demer ook een Tongerse rivier is, is minder ren '90 sterk, maar ook hier is de trend uitge- bekend. De Demer ontspringt in de deelgemeente sproken positief. In 2001 en 2002 scoorde de in- Berg, ten oosten van Tongeren. dex een waarde 6, wat overeenstemt met een "matige kwaliteit" en dus nog onvoldoende is De waterkwaliteit wordt allicht hier ook beïnvloed om de wettelijke basiskwaliteitsnorm te halen door huishoudelijke lozingen, insecticidengebruik (minimaal 7). en eventueel bedrijfsafval, die allemaal (on)recht- streeks in de Demer terechtkomen. Details over deze metingen alsook over de meet- resultaten met betrekking tot andere parameters, Om de waterkwaliteit van de Demer te verhogen, zijn terug te vinden op de VMM-website werden er in het recente verleden waterzuiveringsin- (www.vmm.be). stallaties in gebruik genomen in Bilzen, Hoeselt en Riksingen. De visstand van de Demer werd in het kader van het "Meetnet Zoetwatervis" al enkele keren be- De resultaten opvolgen van deze initiatieven om de studeerd: in 1995, in 1999, in oktober-november waterkwaliteit van de Demer te verhogen, is dus 2001 (regio Limburg) en in april-mei 2003 (regio aangewezen : de waterkwaliteit zou moeten verbe- Vlaams-Brabant). teren en het leven in de rivier zou moeten toene- men. De belangrijkste trends waren dat op bijna alle locaties het aantal soorten was toegenomen en 1.