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Biofidelity Assessment of 6-Year-Old Anthropometric Test Devices (Atds) and Scaling Laws in Lateral Impact Jennifer Yaek Wayne State University

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Biofidelity Assessment of 6-Year-Old Anthropometric Test Devices (Atds) and Scaling Laws in Lateral Impact Jennifer Yaek Wayne State University Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2017 Biofidelity Assessment Of 6-Year-Old Anthropometric Test Devices (atds) And Scaling Laws In Lateral Impact Jennifer Yaek Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Biomechanics Commons Recommended Citation Yaek, Jennifer, "Biofidelity Assessment Of 6-Year-Old Anthropometric Test Devices (atds) And Scaling Laws In Lateral Impact" (2017). Wayne State University Dissertations. 1902. http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1902 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. BIOFIDELITY ASSESSMENT OF 6-YEAR-OLD ANTHROPOMETRIC TEST DEVICES (ATDs) AND SCALING LAWS IN LATERAL IMPACT by JENNIFER L. YAEK DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2017 MAJOR: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Approved By: ___________________________________ Advisor Date ___________________________________ Advisor ___________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ © COPYRIGHT BY JENNIFER L. YAEK 2017 All Rights Reserved DEDICATION Dedicated to: my parents, Edward and Edwina Gebauer & my husband, Jonathan, and sons, Derek and Curtis To my mom and dad, thank you from the bottom of my heart for all your love, support, encouragement, and all you have done for me in order for me to be where I am today. I have always been humbled and gracious for the hard work ethic you engrained in me and for pushing me to always do my best. You inspired me and made me believe I could do anything I set my mind to, and for that I am forever grateful. Although you are no longer here physically on this Earth, you are with me in love, strength, and spirit each and every moment of my days. To you, Ed and Winnie – I am Finally a Doctor To Jonathan, Derek, and Curtis, I am most humbly and graciously indebted. Thank you from the bottom of my heart for putting your lives on hold, sacrificing, and giving up so very much in the past 7 ½ years. You have been a constant source of unconditional love, patience, understanding, encouragement, and support, that without, this doctoral study would have truly been unattainable. You inspire me, motivate me, and outright make me be the best I can be each and every day. I am truly blessed to have you in my life! Never Give Up On Your Dreams! ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “Appreciation is a wonderful thing. It makes what is excellent in others belong to us as well.” -Voltaire I would like to take this opportunity to thank, individually, all those who have assisted me in one way or another with my doctoral studies at Wayne State University. First, I would like to genuinely thank my advisors, Dr. John M. Cavanaugh and Dr. Steve W. Rouhana, for affording me the opportunity to work under their mentorship and accomplish my PhD research. Their profound insight, kindness, immense support, and encouragement throughout the workings and preparation of my dissertation are most graciously acknowledged and appreciated. I consider myself very fortunate to be able to work with such knowledgeable patient, understanding, and compassionate advisors. I would also like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to Dr. Paul C. Begeman, Dr. John H. Bolte, and Dr. King H. Yang, for kindly accepting to serve on my doctoral dissertation committee. Their insightful recommendations during the course of this dissertation effort are greatly appreciated. I would like to graciously thank Dr. Gerry Hish, our clinical veterinarian, and his staff at Wayne State University’s Laboratory Animal Resources for their amazing care of the swine utilized in this study as well as their patience, insight, dedication, technical and medical assistance, and overall efforts in the preparation and completion of the numerous tests performed. I would also like to thank Dr. Chaoyang Chen for taking time out of his busy schedule to assist with the gross dissections of the test specimens. iii I would also like to graciously thank my research assistants, Christopher Andrecovich and Matthew Diehl, for their patience, dedication, technical assistance, and overall efforts in the preparation and completion of the numerous tests performed. Their support was instrumental to the overall project success. I am extremely thankful to Ford Motor Company for its funding through its URP (University Research Program) and support of this dissertation research. I am also tremendously thankful to TRL (Transport Research Laboratories) for use of its Q6 ATD, Transport Canada for use of its Q6s prototype ATD, the ORSP (Occupant Safety Research Partnership) Committee for its time in verifying the ISO biofidelity ratings, Humanetics for their insight regarding dummy design, and Dr. Richard Kent for providing the swine necropsy data acquired during his research studies. I am tremendously thankful and grateful to my dear friends and colleagues Michael Holcomb, Garry Bahling, Dr. Jim Raddin, Dr. Tom McNish, Tim Fleming, and Dr. Mark Edwards for encouraging me to do what I thought was unattainable, and for providing constant support in this extraordinary endeavor. Thank you all for continuing to push me to always do my best and be at my best. My heartfelt thanks and gratitude to all of my family, extended family, and friends for their patience, understanding, love, and support. I couldn’t do this without you. Finally, please forgive me if I left anyone out. It would have been impossible to complete this without everyone’s love and support. Thank you all! iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................xi CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 1.1 – Background and Significance .............................................................................. 1 1.2 – A Brief Review of Anthropometric Test Devices (ATDs) ..................................... 8 1.3 – A Brief Overview of 6-Year-Old Pediatric ATD Design ........................................ 9 1.4 – A Brief Overview of the Anatomical and Physiological Differences between Human, Adults, and Children ..................................................................................... 13 1.5 – A Brief Overview of Human Subject Research Related to Structural Response Data of the Pediatric Shoulder, Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis Regions .................... 19 1.6 – Statement of the Problem and Specific Aims .................................................... 22 CHAPTER 2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INJURY PATTERNS FOR 4 TO 10-YEAR-OLDS IN LATERAL AND OBLIQUE IMPACTS: A SURVEY OF THE NASS-CDS DATABASE FROM 1991 TO 2014 AND CIREN DATABASE FROM 1996 TO 2014 (SPECIFIC AIM 1) ................................................................................................................................... 27 2.1 – Background ....................................................................................................... 27 2.2 – Methods ............................................................................................................ 30 2.3 – Results .............................................................................................................. 33 2.4 – Discussion ......................................................................................................... 50 2.5 – Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 55 v CHAPTER 3 - BIOFIDELIC ASSESSMENT OF THE 6-YEAR-OLD ATDs IN LATERAL IMPACT (SPECIFIC AIM 2) .......................................................................................... 57 3.1 – Background ....................................................................................................... 57 3.2 – Methods ............................................................................................................ 58 3.3 – Results .............................................................................................................. 70 3.4 – Discussion ......................................................................................................... 73 3.5 – Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 80 CHAPTER 4 – LATERAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON OF APPROPRIATE AGE AND SIZE TORSO CADAVERIC PORCINE SURROGATES FOR FORMATION OF SURROGATE RESPONSE CORRIDOR SCALING RELATIONSHIP (SPECIFIC AIM 3) ......................................................................................................... 81 4.1 – A Review of the Use of Surrogate Scaling Techniques in Research ................. 81 4.2 – Swine Thoracic and Abdominal Anatomy .........................................................
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