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Student Workbook Answer Pages Italicized page numbers after the answers indicate where the informa- Matching 5) deep fascia tion can be found in Trail Guide. 1) N adipose—p. 17 6) adipose (fatty) tissue 2) F aponeurosis—p. 13 7) superficial fascia 3) D artery—p. 16 8) skin 4) H bone—p. 10 9) deep fascia Introduction 5) E bursa—p. 16 Tour Guide Tips #1, p. 1 6) B fascia—p. 14 1) bony landmarks—p. 2 7) G ligament—p. 13 2) Even though the topography, 8) I lymph node—p. 17 Navigating shape and proportion are unique, 9) A muscle—p. 11 Regions of the Body, p. 6 the body’s composition and struc- 10) J nerve—p. 17 1) pectoral tures are virtually identical on all 11) K retinaculum—p. 15 2) axillary individuals.—p. 2 12) L skin—p. 10 3) brachial 3) To examine or explore by touch- 13) M tendon—p. 13 4) cubital ing (an organ or area of the body), 14) C vein—p. 16 5) abdominal usually as a diagnostic aid—p. 4 6) inguinal 4) locating, aware, assessing—p. 4 Exploring Textures #1, p. 3 7) pubic 5) directs movement, depth.—p. 4 1) epidermis 8) femoral 6) • read the information 2) dermis 9) facial • visualize what you are trying 3) arrector pili muscle 10) mandibular to access 4) sweat gland 11) supraclavicular • verbalize to your partner what 5) hair follicle 12) antecubital you feel 6) blood vessels 13) patellar • locate the structure first 7) muscle fibers 14) crural on yourself 8) endomysium 15) cranial • read the text aloud 9) perimysium 16) cervical • be patient—p. 5 10) epimysium 17) scapular 7) across, along—p. 6 11) bone 18) thoracic 8) stay still—p. 6 12) blood vessels 19) lumbar 9) active, passive—p. 7 13) neurovascular bundle 20) pelvic 10) lengths, shapes, edges—p. 7 14) tendon 21) sural 11) • move slowly 15) periosteum 22) gluteal • avoid using excessive pressure 23) popliteal • focus your awareness—be Types of Muscle Bellies & Joints, p. 4 present—p. 8 1) fusiform Planes, Directions, Positions & 12) muscle cells, layers of connective 2) multipennate Movements #1, p. 7 tissue—p. 11 3) sphincter 1) frontal 13) tendon—p. 11 4) bipennate 5) triangular 2) sagittal 3) transverse Tour Guide Tips #2, p. 2 6) unipennate 4) superior or cranial 1) agonist, antagonist—p. 11 7) gliding 5) inferior or caudal 2) striated texture, direction of the 8) hinge 6) posterior muscle fibers, it can be in contract- 9) ellipsoid 7) anterior ed or relaxed state—p. 11, 12 10) pivot 8) proximal 3) attachments, variable tension 11) ball-and-socket 9) distal —p. 13 12) saddle 10) medial 4) tendon, ligament, fascia, perios- 11) lateral teum, retinaculum, aponeurosis, Exploring Textures #2, p. 5 12) superficial adipose—p. 13-17 1) muscle tissue 13) deep 5) fibrous membrane, skin—p. 14 2) bone 6) compression or impingement of 3) periosteum Planes, Directions, Positions & a nerve—p. 17 4) interosseous membrane Movements #2, p. 8 1) C anterior 2) J deep 3) B distal Copyright © 2010 texts, illustrations by Books of Discovery. All rights reserved. Answer Pages 1 Student Workbook Answer Pages 4) E inferior 30) abduction (or protraction) 20) coccyx 5) I lateral of scapula 21) femur 6) H medial 31) lateral rotation of hip 22) patella 7) A posterior 32) flexion of hip 23) tibia 8) G proximal 33) flexion of elbow 24) fibula 9) F superficial 34) pronation of forearm 25) tarsals 10) D superior 35) abduction of fingers 26) metatarsals 11) K abduction 36) lateral rotation of shoulder 27) phalanges 12) V adduction 37) extension of spine 13) P circumduction 38) flexion of knee Skeletal System #2, p. 15 14) T dorsiflexion 39) flexion of neck 1) appendicular 15) U extension 40) abduction of thumb 2) cranium 16) S flexion 41) dorsiflexion of ankle 3) mandible 17) Q lateral flexion 42) medial rotation of shoulder 4) scapula 18) M lateral rotation 43) extension of knee 5) thoracic vertebra 19) L medial rotation 44) horizontal adduction of shoulder 6) ribs 20) O plantar flexion 45) abduction (radial deviation) 7) lumbar vertebra 21) W pronation of wrist 8) pelvis 22) R rotation 46) eversion of foot 9) sacrum 23) N supination 47) medial rotation of hip 10) coccyx 48) protraction of mandible 11) cervical vertebra Movements of the Body #1-5, p. 9-13 49) opposition of thumb 12) clavicle 1) supination of forearm 50) retraction of mandible 13) humerus 2) depression of scapula 51) extension of thumb 14) ulna 3) depression of mandible 52) plantar flexion of ankle 15) radius 4) abduction of hip 53) flexion of spine 16) carpals 5) adduction of shoulder 54) downward rotation of scapula 17) metacarpals 6) flexion of wrist 55) extension of shoulder 18) phalanges 7) flexion of thumb 56) adduction of thumb 19) femur 8) inversion of foot 57) rotation of neck 20) tibia 9) rotation of spine 58) flexion of shoulder 21) fibula 10) upward rotation of scapula 59) horizontal abduction of shoulder 22) talus 11) posterior tilt (upward rotation) 60) elevation/expansion of ribs 23) calcaneus of pelvis (inhalation) 12) lateral deviation of mandible Muscular System #1, p. 16 13) adduction (ulnar deviation) Skeletal System #1, p. 14 1) orbicularis oculi of wrist 1) axial 2) omohyoid 14) extension of fingers 2) skull 3) pectoralis minor 15) anterior tilt (downward rotation) 3) cranial portion 4) coracobrachialis of pelvis 4) facial portion 5) deltoid (cut) 16) extension of elbow 5) mandible 6) brachialis 17) extension of wrist 6) cervical vertebra 7) rectus abdominis 18) elevation of scapula 7) clavicle 8) internal oblique 19) elevation of mandible 8) sternum 9) flexor digitorum profundus 20) lateral flexion of spine 9) humerus 10) adductor longus 21) adduction of hip 10) ulna 11) vastus intermedius 22) extension of hip 11) radius 12) temporalis 23) abduction of shoulder 12) carpals 13) masseter 24) extension of neck 13) metacarpals 14) sternocleidomastoid 25) adduction (or retraction) 14) phalanges 15) trapezius of scapula 15) scapula 16) deltoid 26) lateral flexion of neck 16) ribs 17) pectoralis major 27) adduction of fingers 17) lumbar vertebra 18) serratus anterior 28) flexion of fingers 18) pelvis 19) biceps brachii 29) lateral tilt (elevation) of pelvis 19) sacrum 20) external oblique 2 Student Workbook Copyright © 2010 texts, illustrations by Books of Discovery. All rights reserved. Student Workbook Answer Pages 21) brachioradialis 17) brachialis 13) right common carotid 22) pectineus 18) triceps brachii 14) subclavian 23) sartorius 19) serratus anterior 15) brachiocephalic trunk 24) gracilis 20) rectus abdominis 16) axillary 25) rectus femoris 21) external oblique 17) brachial 26) vastus lateralis 22) tensor fasciae latae 18) common iliac 27) vastus medialis 23) rectus femoris 19) radial 28) gastrocnemius 24) vastus lateralis 20) ulnar 29) peroneus longus 25) iliotibial tract 30) tibialis anterior 26) tibialis anterior Cardiovascular System—Veins, p. 22 1) right brachiocephalic Muscular System #2, p. 17 Fascial System #1, p. 19 2) superior vena cava 1) supraspinatus 1) brachial fascia 3) coronary sinus 2) rhomboids 2) biceps brachii 4) inferior vena cava 3) infraspinatus 3) humerus 5) common iliac 4) teres major 4) lateral intermuscular septum 6) femoral 5) triceps brachii 5) triceps brachii 7) great saphenous 6) brachioradialis 6) medial intermuscular septum 8) right internal jugular 7) internal oblique 7) antebrachial fascia 9) right external jugular 8) gluteus medius 8) flexor muscles 10) left subclavian 9) piriformis 9) radius 11) axillary 10) quadratus femoris 10) ulna 12) great cardiac 11) vastus lateralis 11) interosseous membrane 13) cephalic 12) semimembranosus 12) extensor muscles 14) brachial 13) plantaris 15) splenic 14) occipitalis Fascial System #2, p. 20 16) left renal 15) splenius capitis 1) lateral intermuscular septum 17) popliteal 16) trapezius 2) quadriceps 18) small saphenous 17) deltoid 3) iliotibial tract 19) posterior tibial 18) latissimus dorsi 4) femur 20) anterior tibial 19) flexor carpi ulnaris 5) fascia lata 20) extensor digitorum 6) medial intermuscular septum Nervous System, p. 23 21) gluteus maximus 7) adductors 1) brachial plexus 22) gracilis 8) hamstrings 2) musculocutaneous 23) biceps femoris (long head) 9) tibia 3) axillary 24) gastrocnemius 10) interosseous membrane 4) median 25) peroneus longus 11) deep crural fascia 5) radial 12) crural fascia 6) ulnar Muscular System #3, p. 18 13) fibula 7) lumbar plexus 1) sternocleidomastoid 8) iliohypogastric 2) trapezius Cardiovascular System—Arteries, p. 21 9) ilioinguinal 3) deltoid 1) right internal carotid 10) genitofemoral 4) teres major 2) right vertebral 11) lateral femoral cutaneous 5) latissimus dorsi 3) ascending aorta 12) femoral 6) gluteus medius 4) heart 13) obturator 7) gluteus maximus 5) thoracic aorta 14) sacral plexus 8) vastus lateralis 6) abdominal aorta 15) superior gluteal 9) biceps femoris 7) femoral 16) inferior gluteal 10) gastrocnemius 8) popliteal 17) tibial 11) peroneus longus 9) anterior tibial 18) common peroneal 12) soleus 10) posterior tibial 19) saphenous 13) temporalis 11) dorsal artery of foot 20) cervical plexus 14) platysma (dorsalis pedis) 21) lesser occipital 15) extensors of the forearm 12) arcuate 22) ansa cervicalis 16) biceps brachii 23) transverse cervical Copyright © 2010 texts, illustrations by Books of Discovery. All rights reserved. Answer Pages 3 Student Workbook Answer Pages 24) supraclavicular 5) spine of the scapula—p. 52 9) coracoid process 25) phrenic 6) in the small of the back—p. 53 10) superior angle 26) thoracic (12 pairs) 7) serratus anterior—p. 53 11) supraglenoid tubercle 27) median 8) levator scapula, trapezius—p. 53 12) glenoid cavity 28) ulnar 9) teres major and minor—p. 54 13) infraglenoid tubercle 29) radial 10) use your broad thumbpad—p.
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  • Diagnosis of Atlantoaxial Instability Requires Clinical Suspicion To

    Diagnosis of Atlantoaxial Instability Requires Clinical Suspicion To

    al of S rn pi ou n Henderson Sr and Henderson Jr, J Spine 2017, 6:2 J e Journal of Spine DOI: 10.4172/2165-7939.1000364 ISSN: 2165-7939 Mini Review OMICS International Diagnosis of Atlantoaxial Instability Requires Clinical Suspicion to Drive the Radiological Investigation Fraser C Henderson Sr.1,2* and Fraser C Henderson Jr.3 1Doctors Community Hospital, Lanham, MD, USA 2The Metropolitan Neurosurgery Group, LLC, Chevy Chase, MD, USA 3Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Introduction bending to the contralateral side, are often injured in motor vehicle collisions, and could be implicated in whiplash-associated disorders Atlantoaxial instability (AAI) occurs as a result of trauma, [15]. Failure of the alar ligament allows a 30% increased rotation to congenital conditions such as os odontoideum, neoplasm, infection the opposite side [16]. The atlantoaxial joint is ill-equipped to handle and degenerative connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid the required multi-axial movements in the presence of ligamentous arthritis, genetic conditions such as HOX-D3 and Down syndrome, laxity or disruption [17]. Weakness of the muscles and ligaments, and heritable connective tissue disorders, emblematic of which are hormonal changes, infection, immunological problems, and congenital the Ehlers Danlos syndromes (EDS). Prototypical of disorders in dysmorphism may contribute to the overall mechanical dysfunction at which AAI is diagnosed, is rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Prior to the the C1-C2 motion segment. development of effective disease-modifying pharmacotherapies, 88% of RA patients exhibited radiographic evidence of C1-C2 involvement, Hypermobility of the AAJ is common in children, and up to 45° of in whom 49% were symptomatic and 20% myelopathic; ultimately, rotation may be observed in each direction.