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Glossary of Islamic Terms

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Glossary of Islamic Terms Pubblicata su Al-Islam.org (https://www.al-islam.org) Home > Karbala and Beyond > Glossary of Islamic Terms Glossary of Islamic Terms A ,ا،أ، آ، ع imam, religious leader. There are many types of such leaders in Islam: The اﻣﺎم Plural of :أﺋﻤﺔ A’imma mam al-jama’a, leader of congregational prayers. Imamite Shi’ites follow اﻣﺎم اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ most common is the اﻣﺎم Imams who start from Ali ibn Abu Talib and end with the Awaited One, Imam al-Mahdi. The word 12 imam is given a much broader meaning in verse 124 of Ch. 2, The Cow, of the Holy Qur’an where it refers to an imam of an entire nation. Such imams of entire nations, we are told in 17:71, will be gathered on the Judgment Day with their followers for questioning. parish, diocese A.D.: stands for "Anno Domini" ("year of the Lord"). It is used to refer to :أﺑﺮﺷﻴﺔ Abrashiyya pre-Hijra dates. Hijra is the migration of the Prophet from Mecca to Medina. According to some reports, the Prophet entered Medina on the 12th of Rabi` I which then coincided with the 24th of September according to the Julian calendar or the 27th of September according to the Gregorian calendar of the year 622 A.D. ethics, rules of conduct, morals, arts :آداب Adab or Aadaab fair, just, equitable, impartial, unbiased :ﻋﺎدل Adil` Usually, it refers to the concept of the justice of Allah (God). This is one of the principles of the :ﻋﺪل Adl` Islamic creed: The Almighty is fair and just to everyone and does not discriminate among His servants. Pl.; singular: hadith, a statement (usually stated/attributed either to the :أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ Ahadith or Ahadeeth or to one of the members of his Progeny or companions); these are one of the two sources (ص) Prophet of the Sunna, the other being the Holy Qur'an. But this Sunna has been distorted so much since the beginning of the Islamic history by politicians and interest seekers, so much so that it is very difficult now to sift through them and identify what is authentic, genuine, and what is fabricated. Mu`awiyah played a major role in distorting the Islamic creed by paying writers to tailor design "traditions" to serve his interests and support his deviated views. plural of hilal, crescent :أﻫﻠﻪ Ahilla .people of opinion. It refers to qualified people who are consulted on Islamic matters :أﻫﻞ اﻟﺮأي Ahl ar-Ra'i parties. "Ahzab" occurs in Ch. 33 of the Holy Qur'an to describe the different tribes that :أﺣﺰاب Ahzab fought the Muslims in the Battle of Khandaq (ditch, moat) which took place in 5 A.H./627 A.D. Refer to the meaning of khandaq below for full details. prevailed, overrode, predominated, triuphed over. It also means soared :ﻋﻼ ﻋﻠrose, ascended; :ﻋﻼ Ala or indulged in pride, acted arrogantly, thought too much of himself. Other meanins: mounted, towered over. scholar, theologian, a highly knowledgeable person :ﻋﺎﻟﻢ Alim` This statement is :اﻟﻪ أﻛﺒﺮ Allahu Akbar or Allaho Akbar, Allahu Akber, Allahoo Akber, Or Allah Akbar said by Muslims quite often and on various occasions. During the call for prayers, during prayers, when they are happy, when they wish to express their approval of what they hear, when they slaughter an animal, and when they want to praise a speaker…, Muslims utter this expression. Its means: "Allah is the Greatest." secular, multi-confessional ”ﻋﻠﻤﺎﻧAlmani highly recommended acts of adoration :أﻋﻤﺎل A`mal custodian or guardian, someone who is loyal, faithful, trustworthy, secretary :أﻣﻴﻦ Amin or Ameen leader or commander, prince, one in charge :أﻣﻴﺮ Amir or Ameer ,Commander of the Faithful: title of the caliphs :أﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻴﻦ Amir al-Mumineen or Ameerul-Mu'mineen the Prophet's Prgeny, apply it particularly to Imam Ali ibn Abu ,(ع) Islamic rulers. Followers of Ahl al-Bayt on account of the "Ghadeer Khumm Declaration". This Declaration took place on the 18th of (ع) Talib Thul-Hijja of the year 11 A.H. which then coincided, according to the Gregorian Christian calendar, with the 9th of March (or the 6th of March according to the Julian Christian calendar) of the year 633 A.D. The Ghadeer, swamp or small lake of shallow water formed mostly by rainfall, is located in the Juhfa desert between Mecca and Medina on the pilgrims' route to Mecca. It is there and then that the Prophet !articulated his famous statement: "To whom I have been a mawla, master, this Ali is his master (ص) Lord befriend whoever befriends him and be the enemy of whoever antagonizes him!" It is there and then that Ali was called "Amir al-Mu'mineen", commander of the faithful. Numerous classic books (mostly in Arabic) detail this incident. One of them is al-Bukhari's book titled At-Tarikh Al-Kabir where the author details the incident in Vol. 1, Part 1, p. 375 (Hayderabad, India, edition). Alhamdu-Lillah, I have written an entire book about this incident which I titled Ghadeer Khumm: Where Islam was Perfected. helpers, supporters. These were the people of Medina who responded to the :أﻧﺼﺎر Ansar or Ansar Prophet's call to Islam and helped establish Islam's first city-state power. One of the most famous of the Ansar is the great sahabi "Abu Ayyub" Khalid ibn Zaid (some say ibn Kulayb) al-Ansari who hosted the .upon his arrival at Medina following his Hijra, migration, from Mecca (ص) Prophet Literally, this word means: obstacle, obstruction, stumbling block, hindrance. It :ﻋﻘﺒﻪ Aqaba or Aqabah also refers to a place in Mina just outside Mecca where the first Muslims of Yathrib (Medina) pledged allegiance to the Prophet in the year 621 A.D. shortly before the migration (hijra). A similar meeting took .(ص) place the next year when more Muslims from Yathrib pledged their allegiance to the Prophet a dinner reception held after a child is born; relatives, friends, and neighbors are invited for :ﻋﻘﻴﻘﺔ Aqiqa such an occasion; sacrifice of a sheep or goat at the time of the ritual shaving of the baby's first grown hair a hill and plain north of Mecca. Muslims believe that it is on this hill and its :ﻋﺮﻓﻪ Arafat or Arafah or Arafa surrounding plain that mankind will start their resurrection on the Judgment Day for questioning, judgment and settling accounts. During the hajj on the ninth day of the month of Thul-Hijja, Muslim pilgrims gather in this area for one day. .Literally, it means throne, symbol of the Almighty's Authority :ﻋﺮش Arsh fanaticism, extremism, excessive tribal loyalty :ﻋﺼﺒﻴﻪ Asabiyya Purism, purity, genuineness, authenticity, excellence :أﺻﺎﻟﺔ Asala or Asaalah plural of sahar, the time immediately preceding daybreak :أﺳﺤﺎر Ashar This is an expression which ”اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻢ Assalamu Alaikum or Assalamo Alaikum, As-Salamo Alaikom Muslims utter whenever they meet one another. It is a statement of greeting with peace. Its meaning is: "Peace be upon/with you" or "May the peace and the Mercy of Allah be upon/with you," The complete which اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻢ و رﺣﻤﺔ اﻟﻪ و ﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ ",statement is "Assalamu Alalikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh means: "May the peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon/with you." late afternoon, time for one of the five obligatory salat, prayer, rites ”ﻋﺼﺮ Asr This is an expression used by a Muslim when he pleads for :أﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮاﻟﻪ Astaghfirullah or Astaghfir-Allah Allah's forgiveness. The meaning is: "I ask Allah for His forgiveness." A Muslim utters this statement many times, even when he is talking to another person. When a Muslim abstains from doing wrong, or even when he wants to prove that he is innocent of an incident of which he is charged, he uses this expression, too. After every salat (payer), a Muslim utters this statement at least three times. One hadith (Prophet's tradition) says that Istighfar, the uttering of this statement, is the essence of adoration. Literally, it means old, obsolete, antinquated, ancient. But the Venerable Ka'ba has always :ﻋﺘﻴﻖ Ateeq which has more than one meaning: the House which was spared the اﻟﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ been referred to as that is, it was "freed" or spared the destruction caused by ,(ع) destruction of the flood of Prophet Noah is the best, the choicest, the most ﻋﺘﻴﻖ the flood. According to the famous lexicon Lisan al-Arab, what is precious of everything. This fits the Ka'ba more than any other place or spot or monument on earth. because the Almighty freed it from the اﻟﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ Lisan al-Arab also says that the Ka'ba is described as hegemony of any tyrant in all human history: None could demolish it or obliterate its precincts or put an end to the pilgrimage to it which was first started by our father Adam, and it will continue till the Last Day. Adam was taught by arch-angel Gabriel how to perform the pilgrimage so he would be forgiven for having eaten of the forbidden fruit in Paradise. The time when Adam was kicked out of Paradise was in the late afternoon, so Gabriel taught him to pray 3 rek'ats (prostrations): one on behalf of himself, another on behalf of his wife, our mother Eve, and one on behalf of his offspring, our human species. This is why sunset prayers are performed in 3 rek'ats. the call for prayers; mu'aththin is one who performs the 'athan :أذان Athan or Adhan one who is widely recognized as an authority in his field ,ﺛﺒﺖ plural of thabat :أﺛﺒﺎت Athbat gift, present, grant, boon :ﻋﻄﻴﺔ Atiyya :أﻋﻮذ ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن اﻟﺮﺟﻴﻢ A'uzu billahi minashaitanir-rajim or A'oodhu billahi minash-Shaitan ar-Rajeem This is a statement which Muslims have to recite before reciting the Holy Qur'an, before speaking, before doing almost anything, even before making a supplication, performing the ablution or entering the wash room.
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