Occupied Norway (1940 – 45) Norway in 1940: Population 3 Million
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Masteroppgave I Historie for Ingrid Lastein Hansen
Arbeiderpartiet og krisepolitikken i mellomkrigsårene En analyse av hovedlinjene i Arbeiderpartiets krisepolitiske syn, med utgangspunkt i Nygaardsvold-regjeringens krisepolitikk i perioden 1935-1938 Ingrid Lastein Hansen Masteroppgave i historie Høst 2010 Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie (IAKH) Universitetet i Oslo (UiO) Forord Denne oppgaven har blitt til gjennom en lang og krevende prosess. Først og fremst vil jeg takke veileder Einar Lie for gode faglige innspill, tilgjengelighet og ikke minst tålmodighet. En takk går også til familie og venner for oppmuntrende ord underveis. Arkivpersonalet på Riksarkivet fortjener en takk for informativ veiledning i arkivet. Til slutt vil jeg takke Odin for lange fine turer og et entusiastisk nærvær. Kragerø, 12. november, 2010, Ingrid Lastein Hansen 1 Innholdsfortegnelse Kapittel 1. Innledning .............................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Tema og problemstilling .................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Fremgangsmåte og begrepsavklaring............................................................................... 5 1.3 Tidligere fremstillinger .................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Kilder................................................................................................................................ 8 1.5 Disposisjon.................................................................................................................... -
WEST NORWEGIAN FJORDS UNESCO World Heritage
GEOLOGICAL GUIDES 3 - 2014 RESEARCH WEST NORWEGIAN FJORDS UNESCO World Heritage. Guide to geological excursion from Nærøyfjord to Geirangerfjord By: Inge Aarseth, Atle Nesje and Ola Fredin 2 ‐ West Norwegian Fjords GEOLOGIAL SOCIETY OF NORWAY—GEOLOGICAL GUIDE S 2014‐3 © Geological Society of Norway (NGF) , 2014 ISBN: 978‐82‐92‐39491‐5 NGF Geological guides Editorial committee: Tom Heldal, NGU Ole Lutro, NGU Hans Arne Nakrem, NHM Atle Nesje, UiB Editor: Ann Mari Husås, NGF Front cover illustrations: Atle Nesje View of the outer part of the Nærøyfjord from Bakkanosi mountain (1398m asl.) just above the village Bakka. The picture shows the contrast between the preglacial mountain plateau and the deep intersected fjord. Levels geological guides: The geological guides from NGF, is divided in three leves. Level 1—Schools and the public Level 2—Students Level 3—Research and professional geologists This is a level 3 guide. Published by: Norsk Geologisk Forening c/o Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse N‐7491 Trondheim, Norway E‐mail: [email protected] www.geologi.no GEOLOGICALSOCIETY OF NORWAY —GEOLOGICAL GUIDES 2014‐3 West Norwegian Fjords‐ 3 WEST NORWEGIAN FJORDS: UNESCO World Heritage GUIDE TO GEOLOGICAL EXCURSION FROM NÆRØYFJORD TO GEIRANGERFJORD By Inge Aarseth, University of Bergen Atle Nesje, University of Bergen and Bjerkenes Research Centre, Bergen Ola Fredin, Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim Abstract Acknowledgements Brian Robins has corrected parts of the text and Eva In addition to magnificent scenery, fjords may display a Bjørseth has assisted in making the final version of the wide variety of geological subjects such as bedrock geol‐ figures . We also thank several colleagues for inputs from ogy, geomorphology, glacial geology, glaciology and sedi‐ their special fields: Haakon Fossen, Jan Mangerud, Eiliv mentology. -
Ski Touring in the Narvik Region
SKI TOURING IN THE NARVIK REGION TOP 5 © Mattias Fredriksson © Mattias Narvik is a town of 14 000 people situated in Nordland county in northern Norway, close to the Lofoten islands. It is also a region that serves as an excellent base for alpine ski touring and off-piste skiing. Here, you are surrounded by fjords, islands, deep valleys, pristine lakes, waterfalls, glaciers and mountain plateaus. But, first and foremost, wild and rugged mountains in seemingly endless terrain. Imagine standing on one of those Arctic peaks admiring the view just before you cruise down on your skis to the fjord side. WHY SKI TOURING IN THE NARVIK REGION? • A great variety in mountain landscapes, from the fjords in coastal Norway to the high mountain plateaus in Swedish Lapland. • Close to 100 high quality ski touring peaks within a one- hour drive from Narvik city centre. • Large climate variations within short distances, which improves the chances of finding good snow and weather. • A ski touring season that stretches from the polar night with its northern lights, to the late spring with never- ending days under the midnight sun. • Ascents and descents up to 1700 metres in vertical distance. • Some of the best chute skiing in the world, including 1200-metre descents straight down to the fjord. • Possibilities to do train accessed ski touring. • A comprehensive system of huts that can be used for hut-to-hut ski touring or as base camps. • 5 alpine skiing resorts within a one-hour car drive or train ride • The most recognised heli-skiing enterprise in Scandinavia, offering access to over 200 summits. -
THE GRANITIC ROCKS of FARSUND, SOUTH NORWAY INTRODUCTION the Present Study Is a Reappraisal of the Granitic Rocks Described As F
THE GRANITIC ROCKS OF FARSUND, SOUTH NORWAY ERIC MIDDLEMOST MIDDLEMOST, E.: The granitic rocks of Farsund, South Norway. Norsk Geo/. Tidsskr. 48, pp. 81-99. Oslo 1968. The farsundite is a composite granitic body that crops out over an area of some 420 sq. km. in southern Norway. On a local scale the contact between the farsundite and the surrounding country rocks is often discordant; but when observed on a regional scale a broad structural conformity emerges. Three main facies are found within the farsundite body and the mineralogy and chemistry of these units is discussed. The farsundite is regarded as part of the Rogaland anorthosite province. It was emplaced as a magma that was augmented in volume by the in corporation of granitic gneiss. The charnockitic part of the farsundite body is believed to have crystallized under granulite facies conditions at a timl! whenthe main mass of rocks of the Rogaland anorthosite province was cooling down. INTRODUCTION The present study is a reappraisal of the granitic rocks described as farsundite by Barth (in Holtedahl 1960, pp. 41-44). These rocks crop out over an area of approximately 420 sq.km. in south western Vest-Agder, the southern-most county in Norway. Most of the farsundite crops out on a series of peninsulas and islands that are separated from one another by an intricate pattern of fjords. The highest point in the area is at Klåskniben (504 m.) which is 3.5 km east of Orange. The landscape is generally rugged, and it shows consider able evidence of ice sculpturing. -
Towards the Kalmar Union
S P E C I A L I Z E D A G E N C I E S TOWARDS THE KALMAR UNION Dear Delegates, Welcome to the 31st Annual North American Model United Nations 2016 at the University of Toronto! On behalf of all of the staff at NAMUN, we welcome you to the Specialized Agency branch of the conference. I, and the rest of the committee staff are thrilled to have you be a delegate in Scandinavia during the High Middle Ages, taking on this challenging yet fascinating topic on the futures of the three Scandinavian Kingdoms in a time of despair, poverty, dependence and competitiveness. This will truly be a new committee experience, as you must really delve into the history of these Kingdoms and figure out how to cooperate with each other without sending everyone into their demise. To begin, in the Towards the Kalmar Union Specialized Agency, delegates will represent influential characters from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which include prominent knights, monarchs, nobles, and important religious figures who dominate the political, military and economic scenes of their respective Kingdoms. The impending issues that will be discussed at the meeting in Kalmar, Sweden include the future of the Danish and Norwegian crowns after the death of the sole heir to the thrones, Olaf II. Here, two distant relatives to Valdemar IV have a claim to the throne and delegates will need to decide who will succeed to the throne. The second order of business is to discuss the growing German presence in Sweden, especially in major economic cities. -
PORT of NARVIK Arctic-Hub
PORT OF NARVIK Arctic-Hub Narvik is a part of the CORE EU TEN-T rail, port and road Network 1 Arctic-Hub The geographic location of Narvik as a hub/transit port is strategically excellent in order to move goods to and from the region (north/south and east/west) as well as within the region itself. The port of Narvik is incorporated in EU’s TEN-T CORE NETWORK. On-dock rail connects with the international railway network through Sweden for transport south and to the European continent, as well as through Finland for markets in Russia and China. Narvik is the largest port in the Barents Region and an important maritime town in terms of tonnage. Important for the region Sea/port Narvik’s location, in relation to the railway, road, sea and airport, Ice-free, deep sea port which connects all other modes of makes the Port of Narvik a natural logistics intersection. transport and the main fairway for shipping. Rail Airport: The port of Narvik operates as a hub for goods transported by Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes is the largest airport in North- rail (Ofotbanen) to this region. There are 19 cargo trains, in ern Norway and is one of only two wide body airports north each direction (north/south), moving weekly between Oslo and of Trondheim. Current driving time 1 hour, however when the Narvik. Transportation time 27 hours with the possibility of Hålogaland Bridge opens in 2017, driving time will be reduced making connections to Stavanger and Bergen. to 40 minutes. The heavy haul railway between Kiruna and Narvik transports There are several daily direct flights from Evenes to Oslo, 20 mt of iron ore per year (2015). -
Knut Døscher Master.Pdf (1.728Mb)
Knut Kristian Langva Døscher German Reprisals in Norway During the Second World War Master’s thesis in Historie Supervisor: Jonas Scherner Trondheim, May 2017 Norwegian University of Science and Technology Preface and acknowledgements The process for finding the topic I wanted to write about for my master's thesis was a long one. It began with narrowing down my wide field of interests to the Norwegian resistance movement. This was done through several discussions with professors at the historical institute of NTNU. Via further discussions with Frode Færøy, associate professor at The Norwegian Home Front Museum, I got it narrowed down to reprisals, and the cases and questions this thesis tackles. First, I would like to thank my supervisor, Jonas Scherner, for his guidance throughout the process of writing my thesis. I wish also to thank Frode Færøy, Ivar Kraglund and the other helpful people at the Norwegian Home Front Museum for their help in seeking out previous research and sources, and providing opportunity to discuss my findings. I would like to thank my mother, Gunvor, for her good help in reading through the thesis, helping me spot repetitions, and providing a helpful discussion partner. Thanks go also to my girlfriend, Sigrid, for being supportive during the entire process, and especially towards the end. I would also like to thank her for her help with form and syntax. I would like to thank Joachim Rønneberg, for helping me establish the source of some of the information regarding the aftermath of the heavy water raid. I also thank Berit Nøkleby for her help with making sense of some contradictory claims by various sources. -
Fact Sheet on "Overview of Norway"
Legislative Council Secretariat FSC21/13-14 FACT SHEET Overview of Norway Geography Land area Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is located in northern Europe. It has a total land area of 304 282 sq km divided into 19 counties. Oslo is the capital of the country and seat of government. Demographics Population Norway had a population of about 5.1 million at end-July 2014. The majority of the population were Norwegian (94%), followed by ethnic minority groups such as Polish, Swedish and Pakistanis. History Political ties Norway has a history closely linked to that of its immediate with neighbours, Sweden and Denmark. Norway had been an Denmark and independent kingdom in its early period, but lost its Sweden independence in 1380 when it entered into a political union with Denmark through royal intermarriage. Subsequently both Norway and Denmark formed the Kalmar Union with Sweden in 1397, with Denmark as the dominant power. Following the withdrawal of Sweden from the Union in 1523, Norway was reduced to a dependence of Denmark in 1536 under the Danish-Norwegian Realm. Union The Danish-Norwegian Realm was dissolved in between January 1814, when Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden as Norway and part of the Kiel Peace Agreement. That same year Sweden Norway – tired of forced unions – drafted and adopted its own Constitution. Norway's struggle for independence was subsequently quelled by a Swedish invasion. In the end, Norwegians were allowed to keep their new Constitution, but were forced to accept the Norway-Sweden Union under a Swedish king. Research Office page 1 Legislative Council Secretariat FSC21/13-14 History (cont'd) Independence The Sweden-Norway Union was dissolved in 1905, after the of Norway Norwegians voted overwhelmingly for independence in a national referendum. -
Nordic Narratives of the Second World War : National Historiographies Revisited
Nordic Narratives of the Second World War : National Historiographies Revisited Stenius, Henrik; Österberg, Mirja; Östling, Johan 2011 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Stenius, H., Österberg, M., & Östling, J. (Eds.) (2011). Nordic Narratives of the Second World War : National Historiographies Revisited. Nordic Academic Press. Total number of authors: 3 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 nordic narratives of the second world war Nordic Narratives of the Second World War National Historiographies Revisited Henrik Stenius, Mirja Österberg & Johan Östling (eds.) nordic academic press Nordic Academic Press P.O. Box 1206 SE-221 05 Lund, Sweden [email protected] www.nordicacademicpress.com © Nordic Academic Press and the authors 2011 Typesetting: Frederic Täckström www.sbmolle.com Cover: Jacob Wiberg Cover image: Scene from the Danish movie Flammen & Citronen, 2008. -
World War II at Sea This Page Intentionally Left Blank World War II at Sea
World War II at Sea This page intentionally left blank World War II at Sea AN ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume I: A–K Dr. Spencer C. Tucker Editor Dr. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr. Associate Editor Dr. Eric W. Osborne Assistant Editor Vincent P. O’Hara Assistant Editor Copyright 2012 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World War II at sea : an encyclopedia / Spencer C. Tucker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59884-457-3 (hardcopy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-59884-458-0 (ebook) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Naval operations— Encyclopedias. I. Tucker, Spencer, 1937– II. Title: World War Two at sea. D770.W66 2011 940.54'503—dc23 2011042142 ISBN: 978-1-59884-457-3 EISBN: 978-1-59884-458-0 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America To Malcolm “Kip” Muir Jr., scholar, gifted teacher, and friend. This page intentionally left blank Contents About the Editor ix Editorial Advisory Board xi List of Entries xiii Preface xxiii Overview xxv Entries A–Z 1 Chronology of Principal Events of World War II at Sea 823 Glossary of World War II Naval Terms 831 Bibliography 839 List of Editors and Contributors 865 Categorical Index 877 Index 889 vii This page intentionally left blank About the Editor Spencer C. -
NORWEGIAN MIDNIGHT SUN Across the Arctic Circle and Onto the North Cape
Lofoten Island Village NORWEGIAN MIDNIGHT SUN Across the Arctic Circle and onto the North Cape “Bucket list” destinations for most serious motorcycle globe- European large cities trotters include places such as Ushuaia, Prudhoe Bay, and • Spectacular southern Norway with its stave churches, some “the big one” - the northernmost point in the world to which of the oldest wooden buildings on the planet it’s possible to ride a motorcycle - Norway’s North Cape. • Ferry ride on the “world’s most beautiful fjord” - Geiranger is “tour to the top of the world” takes riders nearly 400 Fjord miles north of the Arctic Circle. Our major destination, Norway’s North Cape, is 50 miles further north of the Arctic • Trollstigen, Norway’s most spectacular pass road Circle than Prudhoe Bay, Alaska - the northernmost point • A rest day in Alesund, art nouveau city on the West Coast in North America accessible by motorcycle. is Adventure • e spectacular Lofoten Islands, where mountains rise directly will take you through the pristine beauty of Northern Norway out of the ocean with stunning and bizarre landscapes on endless roads through uninhabited wilderness. We will ride along the • Crossing the Arctic Circle Norwegian fjord–dotted coastline, cross the Lofoten Islands • An optional whale safari from Andenes and ride the never ending plains of Lappland up to the border of Russia. With 24 hours of daylight, you won’t miss a thing. • e North Cape, the northern tip of Europe is tour is about challenging and experiencing mother e last riding day is long, so you may wish to extend your stay nature and riding the roads that lead you to where Europe in Tromsø to enjoy additional sightseeing. -
The Challenges and Dynamics of Alliance Policies: Norway, NATO and the High North Wrenn Yennie Lindgren & Nina Græger
7 The Challenges and Dynamics of Alliance Policies: Norway, NATO and the High North Wrenn Yennie Lindgren & Nina Græger This chapter sets out to discuss two major framework conditions for Norwegian foreign, security and defence policy: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the High North.1 Having to address increasingly heterogeneous security concerns and agendas, how do alliances shape their members’ foreign, security and defence policies? And how do the specific challenges related to the High North, such as Russia and other states’ policy agendas, form Norwegian responses and policies? In answering these questions, we aim to explore the framework conditions in a contemporary and historical context. Apart from contributing to the literature on Norway and NATO, we endeavour to add value to the general understanding of small states’ foreign and security policy enablers and constraints.2 1 The term ‘High North’ (nordområdene) often appears in Norwegian Government documents and is used interchangeably with ‘Arctic’. It does not refer solely to Norwegian territory, but is rather a broad concept that attempts to capture developments in the wider circumpolar area. See Jonas Gahr Støre, ‘The High North and the Arctic: The Norwegian Perspective’, Arctic Herald, Moskva, no. 2, Jun. 2012, www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/nord_arktis/id685072/. 2 Christine Ingebritsen, ‘Norm Entrepreneurs: Scandinavia’s Role in World Politics’, in Christine Ingebritsen, Iver Neumann & Sieglinde Gstohl (eds), Small States in International Relations, Reykjavik: University of Iceland Press, 2006, pp. 273–85; Anders Wivel, Clive Archer & Alyson JK Bailes, ‘Setting the Scene: Small States in International Security’, in Clive Archer, Alyson JK Bailes & Anders Wivel (eds), Small States and International Security: Europe and Beyond, London: Routledge, 2014, pp.