Population Genomics of the Viking World
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Danish Alphabet DENMARK Danish © Lonely Planet
© Lonely Planet danish alphabet A a B b C c D d E e aa bey sey dey ey F f G g H h I i J j ef gey haw ee yawdh K k L l M m N n O o kaw el em en oh P p Q q R r S s T t pey koo er es tey U u V v W w X x Y y oo vey do·belt vey eks ew Z z Æ æ Ø ø Å å zet e eu aw danish 0 100 km 0 60 mi Norway Skagerrak Aalborg Sweden Kattegat NORTH DENMARK SEA Århus Jutland Esberg Copenhagen Odense Zealand Funen Bornholm Lolland BALTIC SEA Poland Netherlands Germany DANSK DANSK DANISH dansk introduction What do the fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen and the existentialist philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard have in common (apart from pondering the complexities of life and human character)? Danish (dansk dansk), of course – the language of the oldest European monarchy. Danish contributed to the English of today as a result of the Vi- king conquests of the British Isles in the form of numerous personal and place names, as well as many basic words. As a member of the Scandinavian or North Germanic language family, Danish is closely related to Swedish and Norwegian. It’s particularly close to one of the two official written forms of Norwegian, Bokmål – Danish was the ruling language in Norway between the 15th and 19th centuries, and was the base of this modern Norwegian literary language. In pronunciation, however, Danish differs considerably from both of its neighbours thanks to its softened consonants and often ‘swallowed’ sounds. -
Old Norse Mythology — Comparative Perspectives Old Norse Mythology— Comparative Perspectives
Publications of the Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature No. 3 OLd NOrse MythOLOgy — COMParative PersPeCtives OLd NOrse MythOLOgy— COMParative PersPeCtives edited by Pernille hermann, stephen a. Mitchell, and Jens Peter schjødt with amber J. rose Published by THE MILMAN PARRY COLLECTION OF ORAL LITERATURE Harvard University Distributed by HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England 2017 Old Norse Mythology—Comparative Perspectives Published by The Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature, Harvard University Distributed by Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England Copyright © 2017 The Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature All rights reserved The Ilex Foundation (ilexfoundation.org) and the Center for Hellenic Studies (chs.harvard.edu) provided generous fnancial and production support for the publication of this book. Editorial Team of the Milman Parry Collection Managing Editors: Stephen Mitchell and Gregory Nagy Executive Editors: Casey Dué and David Elmer Production Team of the Center for Hellenic Studies Production Manager for Publications: Jill Curry Robbins Web Producer: Noel Spencer Cover Design: Joni Godlove Production: Kristin Murphy Romano Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hermann, Pernille, editor. Title: Old Norse mythology--comparative perspectives / edited by Pernille Hermann, Stephen A. Mitchell, Jens Peter Schjødt, with Amber J. Rose. Description: Cambridge, MA : Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature, 2017. | Series: Publications of the Milman Parry collection of oral literature ; no. 3 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifers: LCCN 2017030125 | ISBN 9780674975699 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Mythology, Norse. | Scandinavia--Religion--History. Classifcation: LCC BL860 .O55 2017 | DDC 293/.13--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017030125 Table of Contents Series Foreword ................................................... -
Contents & Introduction
e Archaeology of Sound, Acoustics and Music: Studies in Honour of Cajsa S. Lund Gjermund Kolltveit and Riitta Rainio, eds. Publications of the ICTM Study Group on Music Archaeology, Vol. 3 Series Editor: Arnd Adje Both Berlin: Ekho Verlag, 2020 368 pages with 86 gures and 6 tables ISSN 2198-039X ISBN 978-3-944415-10-9 (Series) ISBN 978-3-944415-39-0 (Vol. 3) ISBN 978-3-944415-40-6 (PDF) Layout and Typography: Claudia Zeissig · Kunst & Gestaltung | www.claudiazeissig.ch Printed in Poland Ekho Verlag Dr. Arnd Adje Both, Berlin [email protected] | www.ekho-verlag.com All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of Ekho Verlag. © 2020 Ekho Verlag 5 Contents Prefaces and Introduction 11 The Sounds of Former Silence Cornelius Holtorf 13 Pioneering Archaeological Approaches to Music Iain Morley 15 My Tribute to Cajsa, or My Encounter with the Swedish Fairy Godmother of the New Music Archaeology Catherine Homo-Lechner 19 Ears wide open: Listening to the 4D Soundscapes of Cajsa S. Lund Emiliano Li Castro 21 Introduction to the Volume The Archaeology of Sound, Acoustics and Music: Studies in Honour of Cajsa S. Lund Gjermund Kolltveit and Riitta Rainio 6 Contents Chapters 31 Sound Archaeology and the Soundscape Rupert Till 55 Ears to the Ground: On Cajsa Lund’s Legacy and Moving Movements Frances Gill 97 The Rommelpot of the Netherlands as a Case Study in Cajsa -
Destination Sigtuna
ARLANDA • MÄRSTA • ROSERSBERG • SIGTUNA STAD DISCOVER SIGTUNA WELCOME TO SIGTUNA COME FOR A VISIT! PLEASE VISIT us – three tourist offices are ready to welcome you all year round. If you are travelling to Stockholm Arlanda Airport, you will find the tourist information office in the arrival halls in Terminal 5 and Terminal 2. Arlanda Visitors Center is open around the clock and is staffed between 06–24. The Sigtuna Tourist office can be found at Stora gatan 33 in Sigtuna town. Here you can book guided tours and get help to plan your visit. Visiting address: Stora gatan 33, Sigtuna Postal adress: Box 117, 193 23 Sigtuna Phone: +46 (0)8 591 269 60 E-mail: [email protected] NMÄ NE RK A E V T S WANT TO KNOW MORE? DESTINATIONSIGTUNA.SE FOLLOW US: FACEBOOK.COM/SIGTUNA Trycksak INSTAGRAM.COM/DESTINATION_SIGTUNA 5041 0004 SIGTUNAGUIDE PUBLISHER Destination Sigtuna AB WRITER Anna Forster PHOTO COVER AND CONTENT Linus Hallgren ADDITIONAL PHOTOS Helena Brännström, Lennart Durehed, Marielle Brolin, Ralf Turander MAPS David Karlström 2 WELCOME TO SIGTUNA — WHERE SWEDEN BEGINS Sigtuna, Sweden’s first town was built as a political and religious center of power over 1000 years ago. Sigtuna quickly became a meeting place for people from all over the world, and remains so to this day. Sigtuna is one of the nation’s premier hotel and conference destinations with over 4000 beds ready for you. A unique place to meet and to discover. You will find us less than one hour from Stockholm or Uppsala. Sigtuna is easily accessible with the SL card, car, boat or why not by plane to Sigtuna’s own Stockholm – Arlanda Airport. -
Saami and Scandinavians in the Viking
Jurij K. Kusmenko Sámi and Scandinavians in the Viking Age Introduction Though we do not know exactly when Scandinavians and Sámi contact started, it is clear that in the time of the formation of the Scandinavian heathen culture and of the Scandinavian languages the Scandinavians and the Sámi were neighbors. Archeologists and historians continue to argue about the place of the original southern boarder of the Sámi on the Scandinavian peninsula and about the place of the most narrow cultural contact, but nobody doubts that the cultural contact between the Sámi and the Scandinavians before and during the Viking Age was very close. Such close contact could not but have left traces in the Sámi culture and in the Sámi languages. This influence concerned not only material culture but even folklore and religion, especially in the area of the Southern Sámi. We find here even names of gods borrowed from the Scandinavian tradition. Swedish and Norwegian missionaries mentioned such Southern Sámi gods such as Radien (cf. norw., sw. rå, rådare) , Veralden Olmai (<Veraldar goð, Frey), Ruona (Rana) (< Rán), Horagalles (< Þórkarl), Ruotta (Rota). In Lule Sámi we find no Scandinavian gods but Scandinavian names of gods such as Storjunkare (big ruler) and Lilljunkare (small ruler). In the Sámi languages we find about three thousand loan words from the Scandinavian languages and many of them were borrowed in the common Scandinavian period (550-1050), that is before and during the Viking Age (Qvigstad 1893; Sammallahti 1998, 128-129). The known Swedish Lapponist Wiklund said in 1898 »[...] Lapska innehåller nämligen en mycket stor mängd låneord från de nordiska språken, av vilka låneord de äldsta ovillkorligen måste vara lånade redan i urnordisk tid, dvs under tiden före ca 700 år efter Kristus. -
Symbols of Faith Or Symbols of Status? Christian Objects in Tenth-Century Rus´ by Fedir Androshchuk
Symbols of Faith or Symbols of Status? Christian Objects in Tenth-Century Rus´ by Fedir Androshchuk To study the Christianization of Rus´ based on archaeological evidence is not something new, and such a topic has already generated a considerable amount of research.1 This paper will deliberate some of the archaeological arguments pre- sented in earlier works, and aims to explore the social and functional contexts in which Christian objects or symbols associated with Christianity circulated in Rus´ during the Viking Age and in the tenth century in particular. Generally, two classes of archeological evidence have been associated with the dissemination of Christianity in Eastern Europe: inhumation graves with west–east orientation and specific objects with clear Christian symbolism (most often, cross-shaped pendants) found in burials. These two types of evidence are considered the obvi- ous markers of the deceased person’s adherence to the Christian faith, while their absence, conversely, is taken as an indication that the buried person belonged to those still practicing heathen cults. The earliest inhumation grave in early Rus´ is Grave 11 in the Plakun cemetery in Staraia Ladoga. A man between 60–70 years old was buried in a wooden cist oriented west–east (northwest–southeast). Close to his feet lay parts of a wooden trough and a birch box. A number of corroded iron and bronze objects lay to the right of the body. Pieces of felt and fur were also recorded in the grave.2 The timber of the chamber was dendrochronologically dated to 880–900, and there are construction traits that share parallels with sites in Denmark, such as Hede- 1 A selection of recent publications includes Aleksandr P. -
ABSTRACT Savannah Dehart. BRACTEATES AS INDICATORS OF
ABSTRACT Savannah DeHart. BRACTEATES AS INDICATORS OF NORTHERN PAGAN RELIGIOSITY IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. (Under the direction of Michael J. Enright) Department of History, May 2012. This thesis investigates the religiosity of some Germanic peoples of the Migration period (approximately AD 300-800) and seeks to overcome some difficulties in the related source material. The written sources which describe pagan elements of this period - such as Tacitus’ Germania, Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, and Paul the Deacon’s History of the Lombards - are problematic because they were composed by Roman or Christian authors whose primary goals were not to preserve the traditions of pagans. Literary sources of the High Middle Ages (approximately AD 1000-1400) - such as The Poetic Edda, Snorri Sturluson’s Prose Edda , and Icelandic Family Sagas - can only offer a clearer picture of Old Norse religiosity alone. The problem is that the beliefs described by these late sources cannot accurately reflect religious conditions of the Early Middle Ages. Too much time has elapsed and too many changes have occurred. If literary sources are unavailing, however, archaeology can offer a way out of the dilemma. Rightly interpreted, archaeological evidence can be used in conjunction with literary sources to demonstrate considerable continuity in precisely this area of religiosity. Some of the most relevant material objects (often overlooked by scholars) are bracteates. These coin-like amulets are stamped with designs that appear to reflect motifs from Old Norse myths, yet their find contexts, including the inhumation graves of women and hoards, demonstrate that they were used during the Migration period of half a millennium earlier. -
18Th Viking Congress Denmark, 6–12 August 2017
18th Viking Congress Denmark, 6–12 August 2017 Abstracts – Papers and Posters 18 TH VIKING CONGRESS, DENMARK 6–12 AUGUST 2017 2 ABSTRACTS – PAPERS AND POSTERS Sponsors KrKrogagerFondenoagerFonden Dronning Margrethe II’s Arkæologiske Fond Farumgaard-Fonden 18TH VIKING CONGRESS, DENMARK 6–12 AUGUST 2017 ABSTRACTS – PAPERS AND POSTERS 3 Welcome to the 18th Viking Congress In 2017, Denmark is host to the 18th Viking Congress. The history of the Viking Congresses goes back to 1946. Since this early beginning, the objective has been to create a common forum for the most current research and theories within Viking-age studies and to enhance communication and collaboration within the field, crossing disciplinary and geographical borders. Thus, it has become a multinational, interdisciplinary meeting for leading scholars of Viking studies in the fields of Archaeology, History, Philology, Place-name studies, Numismatics, Runology and other disciplines, including the natural sciences, relevant to the study of the Viking Age. The 18th Viking Congress opens with a two-day session at the National Museum in Copenhagen and continues, after a cross-country excursion to Roskilde, Trelleborg and Jelling, in the town of Ribe in Jylland. A half-day excursion will take the delegates to Hedeby and the Danevirke. The themes of the 18th Viking Congress are: 1. Catalysts and change in the Viking Age As a historical period, the Viking Age is marked out as a watershed for profound cultural and social changes in northern societies: from the spread of Christianity to urbanisation and political centralisation. Exploring the causes for these changes is a core theme of Viking Studies. -
Humans and Animals in the Norse North Atlantic
Humans and Animals in the Norse North Atlantic Lara M. Hogg This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. School of History, Archaeology and Religion. Cardiff University. 2015 SUMMARY It is a well-established fact that all human societies have coexisted with and are dependent upon animals and it is increasingly recognized that the study of human-animal relationships provides vital insights into past human societies. Still this is yet to be widely embraced in archaeology. This thesis has examined human-animal interdependencies to explore the social identities and structure of society in the Norse North Atlantic. Benefitting from recent research advances in animal studies and the ever increasing volume of archaeological reports from Norse period archaeological excavations the North Atlantic this thesis was able to develop previous scholarship and define directions for future research. The thesis explored the role of animals in human society in the North Atlantic to reveal the complex Norse societies that existed. It revealed through human interdependencies with animals that these societies were far from homogeneous and had their own distinct identities with the individual islands as well as across the North Atlantic. The thesis achieved this by examining several important discrete but interlinked themes. These themes were divided into four chapters that focused on the individual aspects. This included an examination of previous North Atlantic Viking Age scholarship, consideration of human construction and perception of landscape through archaeological excavations, investigation of the role of domestic animals in human social activities, and an exploration of the role of domesticated animals in beliefs. -
Tooth-Tool Use and Yarn Production in Norse Greenland
TOOTH -TOOL USE AND YARN PRODUCTION IN NORSE GREENLAND G. Richard Scott University of Nevada Reno, Department of Anthropology/MS 096, Reno, NV 89557; [email protected] Ruth Burgett Jolie Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico ABSTRACT During a dental study of medieval Norse skeletons from Greenland, Iceland, and Norway, a distinct pattern of wear was observed on twenty-two anterior teeth of twelve Greenlanders. Further examina- tion revealed that cultural notches were limited almost exclusively to settlement-period Greenlandic females interred at Thjodhild’s church ad( 1000–1150). The most likely explanation for this patterned wear revolves around the manner in which females manipulated woolen thread on their maxillary in- cisors and canines during the production of a coarse woolen cloth (frieze) that was generated in large amounts during the early medieval period for local consumption and export to Europe. keywords: teeth, abrasion, wool INTRODUCTION Anthropologists have long studied normal crown wear to As the most directly visible aspect of the skeletal sys- evaluate the diet and dietary behavior of earlier human tem, teeth are also subject to the vagaries of human cultur- populations (Hinton 1981, 1982; Kieser et al. 2001; Molnar al behavior (cf. Milner and Larsen 1991). For that reason, 1971, 1972; Molnar et al. 1983; Walker 1978; Walker and they are useful in bioarchaeological research for making Erlandson 1986). Several methods have been developed inferences on the behavior of past human populations. to score such wear (Brothwell 1963; Dreier 1994; Murphy Behaviorally induced alterations fall under four general 1959; Scott 1979; Smith 1984) with the primary empha- categories: (1) intentional mutilation; (2) unintentional sis on pattern of dentine exposure. -
The Battle of Lund
104 Rinnebäcksvad Lilla Harrie o retake Skåne, Halland and Blekinge, which had The Battle of Lund was a battle during the Scanian War that Krutmöllan Lilla Harrie church been lost to Sweden by the Peace of Ros kilde in Kävlinge River occurred on 4 December 1676 in an area north of Lund. The V. Hoby 1658, Denmark declared war on Sweden in the Väggarp battle was between a Danish army under King Christian V T autumn of 1675. In June 1676 a Danish army landed and the Swedish army under King Charles XI. It is one of the near Råå south of Helsingborg and quickly recaptured bloodiest battles ever fought on Nordic soil. The war was Skåne and Blekinge. The only place that remained an attempt by Denmark to regain the provinces of Skåne, Håstad under Swedish control was Malmö, which had strong Halland and Blekinge, which had been lost to Sweden by the fortifications. The Swedish forces in Skåne were weak Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. and had to retreat to Småland. Stångby church Svenstorp Ehrenstrahl. Klöcker David XI by of Karl Portrait Johan Philip Lemke. by page: Painting Front i Syd. Ingemar D Kristiansen/Bilder by The monument in Lund, photo In August 1676 the Danish and Swedish forces met in Skälshög battle outside Halmstad. The Swedes won and the Danish ◄ The monument army retreated down into Skåne to set up camp there for to the Battle of the winter and avoid more fighting that year. The Swedes Stångby Odarslöv Lund was erected followed and in November the two armies were each in 1883 and is camped separately north of Lund, in sight of each other designed by ar- chitect Helgo Zet- THE BATTLE OF LUND but separated by the Kävlinge River. -
A History of German-Scandinavian Relations
A History of German – Scandinavian Relations A History of German-Scandinavian Relations By Raimund Wolfert A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Raimund Wolfert 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Table of contents 1. The Rise and Fall of the Hanseatic League.............................................................5 2. The Thirty Years’ War............................................................................................11 3. Prussia en route to becoming a Great Power........................................................15 4. After the Napoleonic Wars.....................................................................................18 5. The German Empire..............................................................................................23 6. The Interwar Period...............................................................................................29 7. The Aftermath of War............................................................................................33 First version 12/2006 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations This essay contemplates the history of German-Scandinavian relations from the Hanseatic period through to the present day, focussing upon the Berlin- Brandenburg region and the northeastern part of Germany that lies to the south of the Baltic Sea. A geographic area whose topography has been shaped by the great Scandinavian glacier of the Vistula ice age from 20000 BC to 13 000 BC will thus be reflected upon. According to the linguistic usage of the term