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Rough Spored Agarics from India: New Records

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Journal on New Biological Reports 3(1): 44 – 51 (2014) ISSN 2319 – 1104 (Online) Rough spored agarics from India: New Records Munruchi Kaur*, Hilal Ahmad Rather and Nazir Ahmad Malik Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002 (India) (Received on: 21 March, 2014; accepted on: 12 April, 2014) ABSTRACT During the fungal forays undertaken to various localities of North Kashmir three rough spored taxa were identified as first time reports from India viz. Hebeloma sarcophyllum (Peck) Sacc., Cortinarius mucosus (Bull.) J. Kickxf. and Russula stuntzii Pers. Key Words: Basidiospores, carpophores, spore print, new record, India. INTRODUCTION While on fungal forays during spring and autumn identified specimens have been deposited in the season of 2012 to various localities of District Herbarium, Department of Botany, Punjabi Baramulla in North Kashmir a number of agarics University, Patiala (Punjab) India under the were collected. Of these three very interesting rough Accession No. PUN. spored agarics were met with, which are earlier not known from India. The taxonomic description and TAXONOMIC OBSERVATIONS supported by Camera Lucida drawings and field photographs of Hebeloma sarcophyllum (Peck) Sacc., Hebeloma sarcophyllum (Peck) Sacc. Sylloge Cortinarius mucosus (Bull.) J. Kickxf. and Russula Fungorum , 5– 804, 1887. stuntzii Pers. are given. These are not earlier known Fig. 1, 2, 7–A-F & 10 from India. Carpophore upto 9 cm in height. Pileus upto 4.9 cm MATERIALS AND METHODS in diameter, convex to broadly bell shaped; surface grayish white (1B 1), with light brown center, white at The macroscopic and microscopic details were perifree, changing to rusty brown on bruising; moist; worked out as per the standard methodology given by a few scattered, rounded grayish white scales present Atri et al. (2005). The characters pertaining to the towards the centre of the cap, rest scales washedout gross morphology, shape, colour and size of the due to rain; margin regular, non striate, inrolled; pileus, stipe and lamellae, presence or absence of cuticle half peeling; flesh upto 0.5 cm thick, white, annulus and chemical colour reactions were noted changing to grayish on cutting and exposure; pileal from the fresh specimens. Kornerup and Wanscher veil present; taste and odour mild. Lamellae adnate, (1978) was used to note the colour of the various crowded, unequal, narrow, (upto 0.4 cm broad), light carpophores parts. The classification, terminology grayish (1C 1), unchanging; ruptured cog wheel and generic concepts as given in the ‘Dictionary of present; gill edge dentate. Spore deposit pale (2A 2). Fungi’ by Kirk et al. (2008) have been followed. The Stipe central, upto 8.5 cm long, 1.2 cm broad near apex, 1.8 cm at middle, 2.6 cm broad at base, almost ___________________________________________ equal in diameter cylindric with a bulbous base; big grooves present on the bulbous base, concolorous with pileus, changing to grayish on bruising; fleshy; *Corresponding author : [email protected] surface velvety; annulate; annulus superior; white 44 Munruchi Kaur, Hilal Ahmad Rather and Nazir Ahmad Malik cottony mat present at bulbous base. Basidiospores minutes); apiculate, apiculus 0.9µm long. Basidia 32 11.63 – 13.42 × 7.16 - 9µm (Q = 1.08), subglobose – 43 × 10.74 – 12µm, claviform, granular, to amygdaliform, dextrinoid, double walled, tetrasporic; sterigmata 3.5 – 6µm long. Cheilocystidia outerwall ornamented; apiculate, apiculus 0.9 – 43 – 63 × 7 - 11µm, fusoid with claviform upper half 1.8µm long, narrow apical germpore present. Basidia and blunt, rounded apices. Pleurocystidia absent. Gill 34 – 39 × 9 – 11µm, clavate, hyaline, tetrasporic; edges sterile. sterigmata 4.5 – 5 µm long; cheilocystidia 27 – 50 × Carpophore context homoiomerous. Pileus 7 – 12 µm, versiform, elongate – clavate with long cuticle made up of horizontally tangled 7 – 9 µm neck having inflated apices; hyaline, thin walled. broad septate hyphae giving rise to granular 5 – 7 µm Pleurocystidia absent. Gill edges fertile. broad, septate, clamped hyphae. Hymenophoral Carpophore context homoiomerous. Pileus trama regular. Stipe cuticle hyphal, made up of cuticle hyphal, made up of radially tangled 7 – 9 µm longitudinally tangled 9 – 13µm broad, septate broad septate hyphae, from cuticle arises a turf of hyphae. densely granular 4.5 – 6.7µm broad projecting Chemical colour reaction– Cap surface of dried clamped hyphae with flame shaped apical cells; carpophore turned blackish in KOH. pileus context made up of loosely arranged cellular elements. Hymenophoral trama bilateral divergent. Collection examined – Jammu and Kashmir, Stipe cuticle hyphal made up of 18 – 26µm broad Baramulla, village Boniyar (Uri), (2189 m), growing longitudinally arranged 7 – 9 µm broad septate in groups in humicolous soil in the mixed forest clamped hyphae. during spring season, Hilal Ahmad Rather, PUN Collection examined – Jammu and Kashmir, 5182, May 23 th , 2012. Baramulla (1593m), village Sain, growing solitary on dead wood in the mixed forest during spring season, Remarks – The internal and external details of Hilal Ahmad Rather, PUN 5188, and May 29 th , 2012. presently examined specimen exactly matches with Remarks – The external and microscopic details of Cortinarius mucosus Bull (1867), as described by the above examined collection matches with those Kuo (2011) and also from Rogers mushrooms. given for Hebeloma sarcophyllum (Peck) Sacc. by Cortinarius mucosus originally described as Agaricus Smith (1949). It fits well in the identification key of mucosu s by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard in genus Hebeloma provided by Arora (1986) and Smith 1792. The cap surface turns blackish brown in KOH (1949). As this species is not earlier known from solution.The presence of glutinous outer veil; perifree India, it constitutes a new record from India. glabrous, sticky, shiny, flushed with tinge of yellowish brown and the presence of dextrinoid, Cortinarius mucosus (Bull.) J. Kickxf. Fl. Crypt. verrucose spores taken from dried material are the Flandres (Paris) 1–191, 1867. significant characters for identification purpose. Fig. 3, 4, 8 –A-F & 11 Presently, it has been recorded from Jammu and Kashmir. Carpophore 3.4–8.6 cm in height. Pileus 6.2 cm broad, convex, surface moist; grayish white (1B 1) Russula stuntzii Pers . Observ. Mycol . 1– 100, 1796. with tinge of yellowish brown (5E 3) along the Fig. 5, 6, 9 –A-H & 12 margin; scales are fibrillose, orange white (6A 2) at the center and yellowish brown (5D 4) all over the Carpophore 7.7 cm in height. Pileus cuticle 7.3 cm cap; glabrous; margin regular, non striate; cuticle half broad, plano convex; surface offwhite, turning to peeling; flesh upto 0.5 cm thick, white, changing to brownish in the center, grayish magenta (13D 3) at the light grayish. Lamellae adnate, crowded, violet white margin; umbo absent; margin regular, striate, (15A 2) when young, dull violet (15D 3) when mature; incurved; surface dry, hygrophanous; cuticle half gill edges wavy. Spore print deposit light brown peeling; flesh upto 0.4 cm thick; white, unchanging; (7D 5). Stipe central, 3.7 cm long, 2 – 3.1cm broad, pileal veil absent. Lamellae 0.6 cm broad, adnexed, short stout; pale orange (6A 3) changing to orange unequal, subdistant, orange yellow (4B 8), gray (6A 4), ring like tinge at base; exannulate; stipe unchanging; gill edge wavy. Spore print deposit surface veined. white; fragile; taste none; odour mild. Stipe central, Basidiospores 12.53 – 14.32 × 8.05 – 6.8 cm long,1.3 cm near the apex, 1.2 cm in the 8.95µm (excluding apiculus), (Q = 1.0), ellipsoid to middle and 2cm broad at base, obclavate, creamy amygdaliform with a short snout; verrucolose with white (3A 1), unchanging, smooth, hollow. interconnecting ridges present; dextrinoid (after 30 45 Journal on New Biological Reports 3(1): 44 – 51 (2014) Fig. 1. Hebeloma sarcophyllum . Carpophore Fig. 3. Cortinarius mucosus. Carpophore growing in growing on wood. soil. Fig. 2. Hebeloma sarcophyllum. Cap surface Fig. 4. Cortinarius mucosus Underview of showing scattered, rounded scales. Carpophore showing Cortina and adnate lamellae. 46 Munruchi Kaur, Hilal Ahmad Rather and Nazir Ahmad Malik Fig. 10. Hebeloma sarcophyllum . Basidiospores. Fig. 5. Russula stuntzii. Carpophore growing in soil. Fig.11. Cortinarius mucosus . Basidiospores. Fig. 6. Russula stuntzii . Underview of Fig.12. Russula stuntzii . Basidiospores. Carpophore showing adnexed lamellae. 47 Journal on New Biological Reports 3(1): 44 – 51 (2014) Fig. 7. A–F. Hebeloma sarcophyllum (Peck) Sacc. A. Carpophore B. Spores C. Basidia D. Cheilocystidia E. C. S. through pileus cuticle and context F. C.S. through stipe cuticle and context. 48 Munruchi Kaur, Hilal Ahmad Rather and Nazir Ahmad Malik Fig. 8. A–F. Cortinarius mucosus (Bull.) J. Kickxf. A. Carpophore B. Spores C. Basidia D. Cheilocystidia E. C. S. through pileus cuticle and context F. C.S. through stipe cuticle and contex. 49 Journal on New Biological Reports 3(1): 44 – 51 (2014) Fig. 9. A-H. Russula stuntzii Pers. A. Carpophore B. Spores C. Basidia D. Cheilocystidia E. Pleurocystidia F. Caulocystidia G. C.S. through pileus cuticle and context H. C.S. through stipe cuticle and contex. 50 Munruchi Kaur, Hilal Ahmad Rather and Nazir Ahmad Malik Basidiospores 8.95 – 10.74 × 7.16 – 8.95µm usually has a straight stipe. R. stuntzii Pers. has no (excluding ornamentation), ornamented, globose to clear yellow colour in the cap, Grunds (1997) subglobose, (Q = 1.2), warty, warts 1.6µm high, description of
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    Report on Macrofungi of the Columbia River Basin By: Dr. Steven i. Miller Department of Botany University of Wyoming November 9,1994 Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project Science Integration Team - Terrestrial Staff S. L. Miller--Eastside Ecosystem Management Project--l, Biogeography of taxonomic group Macrofungi found within the boundaries of the Eastside Ecosystem Management Project (EEMP) include three major subdivisions--Basidiomycotina, Ascomycotma and Zygomycotina. The subdivision Basidiomycotina. commonly known as the “Basidiomycetes”, include approximately 15,000 or more species. Fungi such as mushrooms, puffballs and polypores are some of the more commonly known and observed forms. Other forms which include the jelly fungi, birds nest fungi, and tooth fungi are also members of the Basidiomycetes. The majority of the Basidiomycetes are either saprouophs on decaying wood and other dead plant material, or are symbiotic with the living cells of plant roots, forming mycorrhizal associations with trees and shrubs. Others are parasites on living plants or fungi. Basidiomycotina are distributed worldwide. The Ascomycotina is the largest subdivision of true fungi, comprised of over 2000 genera. The “Ascomycetes”, as they are commonly referred to, include a wide range of diverse organisms such as yeasts, powdery mildews, cup fungi and truffles. The Ascomycetes are primarily terrestrial, although many live in fresh or marine waters. The majority of these fungi are saprotrophs on decaying plant debris. lMany sapronophic Ascomycetes specialize in decomposing certain host species or even are restricted to a particular part of the host such as leaves or petioles. Other specialized saprouophic types include those fungi that fotrn kuiting structures only where a fire recently occurred or on the dung of certain animals Xlany other Ascomycetes are parasites on plants and less commonly on insects or other animals.
  • How the Mushroom Got Its Name Else C

    How the Mushroom Got Its Name Else C

    LONG ISLAND MYCOLOGICAL CLUB http://limyco.org Available in full color on our website VOLUME 20, NUMBER 4, WINTER, 2012 FINDINGS AFIELD How the mushroom got its name Else C. Vellinga Mycena News, April, 2011 (by permission) n the last Findings Afield’s column, we de- hat do ‘spillcam’, ‘vuvuzela’ and ‘Connopus’ scribed one of the three I have in common? Coprinus species that fruited sponta- All three words were used for the first time neously in Peggy’s potted plants on in 2010. Spillcam is the videostream of the oil our rear deck, Coprinellus flocculosus. W spill in the Coast of Mexico last spring; A vuvuzela is the plastic This column will provide identifica- hooting instrument in use during the world cup football (soccer) last tion details of the second, Coprinus summer; Connopus is the name for a new genus of mushrooms, to cortinatus, quite similar macroscopi- accommodate Gymnopus (Collybia) acervatus. Now, we have a new cally (to the naked eye) but with in- genus name for Gymnopus acervatus but where do the other mush- triguing and room names we are using come from? The white-dotted red-capped delineating species with a white stalk which is enlarged at the base and has a differences white ring is a good one to look at in detail. microscopi- The first person to call it Amanita mus- cally. caria was Lamarck, who included it in his 1783 When they catalogue of plants. He gave a lyrical descrip- first emerged tion, with emphasis on the beauty of this amidst the mushroom, its wonderful scarlet cap, nicely decaying wood covered with white plush dots.
  • Studimi I Disa Parametrave Biokimik Te Kartamos

    Studimi I Disa Parametrave Biokimik Te Kartamos

    AKTET ISSN 2073-2244 Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca www.alb-shkenca.org Reviste Shkencore e Institutit Alb-Shkenca Copyright © Institute Alb-Shkenca TREATING KERATOKONUS DISEASE WITH CROSS-LINKING METHOD TRAJTIMI I KERATOKONUSIT ME METODEN E CROSS-LINKING TEUTA рAVE‘I ″iuge oftalologe, “pitali Aeika, Tiae e-ail:[email protected] ABSTRACT Keratokonus is a degenerative disease, starting generally at 14- 25 years old and causing progressive thinning of the cornea. Because of these thinning, corneal shape is reduced into a conical one, causing also distortion of vision. Clinically, keratokonus presents progressive changes of the refraction, principally of astigmatisms, the patient feuetl hage the glasses ut dot feel ofotale ith the. Etee adaeet of the keratokonus can cause corneal perforation, destroying the vision. To avoid this, corneal transplant is required to save the eye. Considering the young age of the patients, high cost of the of the corneal transplantation, and the risk of transplant reject, high priority is given to the early diagnose and halting treatment. Nowadays, cross-linking is the only procedure used to halt the natural progression of keratokonus, Studied and applied for the first time at Dresden University, a great number of clinical studies supported its efficacy in halting the progression of keratokonus. PERMBLEDHJE Keratokonusi është sëmundje degjenerative e kornesë, e cila fillon të evidentohet në moshën 14- jeҫ dhe shkakton hollim progresiv të saj.Për shkak të këtij hollimi, kornea merr formë konike duke shkaktuar deformim dhe dëmtim të shikimit.Klinikisht paraqitet me rritje progressive të korrigjimit optik,kryesisht të astigmatizmit,pacienti ndërron shpesh syzet por nuk ndihet komod me to.Ndërkaq mprehtësia e pamjes ulet progresivisht.