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Mikológiai Közlemények Clusiana MIKOLÓGIAI KÖZLEMÉNYEK CLUSIANA Vol. 53. No. 1–2. 2014 Magyar Mikológiai Társaság Hungarian Mycological Society Budapest MIKOLÓGIAI KÖZLEMÉNYEK CLUSIANA Magyar Mikológiai Társaság, Budapest Hungarian Mycological Society, Budapest A szerkesztőség elérhetősége (editorial office): Tel.: (+36) 20 910 7756, e-mail: [email protected] Kiadja a Magyar Mikológiai Társaság (Published by the Hungarian Mycological Society) Felelős kiadó (responsible publisher): dr. JAKUCS Erzsébet Főszerkesztő (editor in chief): DIMA Bálint Társszerkesztők (associate editors): dr. LŐKÖS László PAPP Viktor Képszerkesztő (graphical editor): ALBERT László A KIADVÁNY LEKTORAI (reviewers of the present issue) ALBERT László DIMA Bálint Dr. LŐKÖS László PAPP Viktor HU – ISSN 0133-9095 A kiadvány nyomdai munkáit készítette Inkart Kft. TARTALOM TUDOMÁNYOS DOLGOZATOK RESEARCH ARTICLES CSIZMÁR M., NAGY I., ALBERT L., ZELLER Z. és BRATEK Z.: Mikorrhizaképző gom- bák a nagymarosi szelídgesztenyésekben ....................................................... 5 JAKUCS E.: A Bükk-Őserdő Rezervátum ektomikorrhiza-kutatási programjá- nak összefoglalója ............................................................................................ 19 PAPP V. és DIMA B.: A Pholiota squarrosoides első magyarországi előfordulá- sa és előzetes filogenetikai vizsgálata ............................................................. 33 PAPP V., DIMA B., KOSZKA A. és SILLER I.: A Donkia pulcherrima (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) első magyarországi előfordulása és taxonómiai értéke- lése ...................................................................................................................... 43 RUDOLF K., MORSCHHAUSER T. és PÁL-FÁM F.: Ritka nagygombák új előfordulá- si adatai a Mecsekből és Kaposvár környékéről: Cortinarius caperatus, Grifola frondosa, Phylloporus pelletieri, Strobilomyces strobilaceus ......... 55 SZÍNES OLDALAK COLOUR PAGES ALBERT L. (szerk.): Színes oldalak ......................................................................... 65 MEGEMLÉKEZÉS NECROLOGUE RÉVAY Á.: Megemlékezés Tóth Sándorról (1918–2014) ....................................... 77 VETTER J.: Megemlékezés Szántó Máriáról ........................................................... 87 TÁRSASÁGI HÍREK SOCIETY NEWS Jegyzőkönyv a Magyar Mikológiai Társaság 2014. évi közgyűléséről .............. 93 Egyéb hírek .............................................................................................................. 95 Gombakiállítás 2014 ................................................................................................ 96 CONTENTS RESEARCH ARTICLES TUDOMÁNYOS DOLGOZATOK CSIZMÁR, M., NAGY, I., ALBERT, L., ZELLER, Z. and BRATEK, Z.: Ectomycorrhizal macrofungi in the chestnut forests of Nagymaros, N Hungary ...................... 5 JAKUCS, E.: Summary of the ectomycorrhiza research program of the Bükk Őserdő Reserve ................................................................................................. 19 PAPP, V. and DIMA, B.: First record and preliminary ITS phylogeny of Pholiota squarrosoides from Hungary ........................................................................... 33 PAPP, V., DIMA, B., KOSZKA, A. and SILLER, I.: The first Hungarian occurrence and taxonomic assessment of Donkia pulcherrima (Polyporales, Basidi- omycota) ............................................................................................................ 43 RUDOLF, K., MORSCHHAUSER, T. and PÁL-FÁM, F.: New records of rare macro- fungi from the Mecsek Mts and the vicinity of Kaposvár (SW Hungary): Cortinarius caperatus Grifola frondosa, Phylloporus pelletieri, Strobilo- myces strobilaceus ........................................................................................... 55 COLOUR PAGES SZÍNES OLDALAK ALBERT, L. (ed.): Colour pages ............................................................................... 65 NECROLOGUE MEGEMLÉKEZÉS RÉVAY, Á.: In memoriam Sándor Tóth (1918–2014) .............................................. 77 VETTER, J.: In memoriam Mária Szántó .................................................................. 87 SOCIETY NEWS TÁRSASÁGI HÍREK Minutes of the general assembly of the Hungarian Mycological Society in 2014 ..................................................................................................................... 93 News ......................................................................................................................... 95 Exhibition 2014......................................................................................................... 96 Mikológiai Közlemények, Clusiana 53(1–2): 5–17. (2014) TUDOMÁNYOS DOLGOZATOK RESEARCH ARTICLES MIKORRHIZAKÉPZŐ GOMBÁK A NAGYMAROSI SZELÍDGESZTENYÉ- SEKBEN CSIZMÁR Mihály1, NAGY István2, ALBERT László3, ZELLER Zoltán4 és 1 BRATEK Zoltán 1ELTE, Növényélettani és Molekuláris Növénybiológiai Tanszék, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c; [email protected] 21117 Budapest, Fehérvári út 27. 31121 Budapest, Karthauzi u. 4/a. 42626 Nagymaros, Diófa utca 101. Mikorrhizaképző gombák a nagymarosi szelídgesztenyésekben. – Magyarországon ez idáig nem jelent meg olyan munka, amely a szelídgesztenye (Castanea sativa) mikorrhiza- képző gombapartnereivel foglalkozna. Nagymaroson 18 kisebb-nagyobb gesztenyés folt található, illetve elszórtan az egész település területén találkozhatunk a fákkal. Az itteni sze- lídgesztenyésekben többször zajlott mikológiai célú felvételezés az elmúlt évtizedekben, de összegzés a területek nagygombáiról eddig még nem született. Munkánk során 126 mikorrhi- zaképző fajt 184 adattal sikerült megtalálni, illetve a korábban publikált irodalmi adatokból összegyűjteni Nagymarosról. Az összes faj 88%-a (111 faj) szerepel a magyarországi nagy- gombák tervezett vörös listáján. Továbbá két védett faj, a Boletus dupainii és a Sarcodon scabrosus is előfordult a területen. Az egész világon pusztító kéregrák (Cryphonectria pa- rasitica) az itteni gesztenyeállományokat is jelentősen megtizedelte. A fák pusztulásával párhuzamosan a begyűjtött mikorrhizás gombapartnereik száma is csökkent. Az 1994 előtti időszakhoz viszonyítva alacsonyabb fajszámot regisztráltunk a 2008 utáni felvételezésekben. Ectomycorrhizal macrofungi in the chestnut forests of Nagymaros, N Hungary. – No data about mycorrhizal fungi of chestnut tree (Castanea sativa) have been published so far in Hungary. Eighteen chestnut stands of various sizes exist in Nagymaros, as well as scattered trees occur in the vicinity of the town. In the past decades several mycological surveys were performed in these chestnut stands without summarising their results. Altogether 126 ecto- mycorrhizal (EcM) fungal species with 184 records are listed either during our field works or selected from previous publications. We found that 111 species (88%) are included in the proposed Hungarian Red List of macrofungi, furthermore two protected species (Boletus dupainii and Sarcodon scabrosus) were also recorded. The dangerous pathogenic fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) of the chestnut trees has largely destroyed the stands in Nagy- maros as well. The decay of the chestnut trees obviously resulted a decrease in the number of the mycorrhizal species. We registered lower EcM species number during the surveys after 2008, comparing to that of before 1994. Kulcsszavak: Castanea sativa, kéregrák, mikorrhiza, Nagymaros Key words: Castanea sativa, chestnut blight, mycorrhiza, Nagymaros BEVEZETÉS A nagymarosi szelídgesztenyés természeti, tájképi adottságai, kultúrtörténeti je- lentősége alapján jelentős természetvédelmi értéket képvisel a Dunakanyarban. A Mikológiai Közlemények, Clusiana 53(1–2), 2014 Magyar Mikológiai Társaság, Budapest 6 CSIZMÁR M., NAGY I., ALBERT L., ZELLER Z. és BRATEK Z. szelídgesztenyéhez (Castanea sativa) kötődő gazdálkodás nagy hagyományokkal rendelkezik Nagymaroson. A táji adottságokhoz illeszkedő, tradicionális tudáson alapuló gazdálkodás szoros kapcsolatot alakított ki a növények, az állatok és az em- berek között, összefüggő rendszert alkotva. A térségben évszázadok óta kiemelt je- lentőségű a Duna bal partjának kultúrtájjellegű kialakításában, az ember és táj har- monikus kapcsolatában. A nagymarosi szelídgesztenyések létének három fő tényezője az ősi eredet, a te- lepítések, az itt élők századokon átívelő gazdálkodása, illetve a mindezekhez páro- suló fejlett kereskedőhálózat. Az eltérő kitettségek hatására kialakuló különböző gesztenyés típusok sajátos mikroklímával rendelkező, változatos, gazdag élővilág- nak biztosítanak élőhelyet. A nyílt, hegyirét-jellegű, művelt szelídgesztenye-ligetek, zárt, erdőjellegű, művelt szelídgesztenye-ligetek, felhagyott szelídgesztenye-ligetek egyaránt megtalálhatóak. A gesztenyefák igen nagy változatosságot mutatnak Nagy- maroson. Az ősi, természetes előfordulású gesztenyeváltozatok és a – néphagyomány szerint (Károly Róbert kertészei által az 1300-as évektől betelepített) Itáliából (Ná- poly, Firenze) származó – fajták keveredéséből alakultak ki a nagymarosi alakvál- tozatok (SZENTIVÁNYI és CSOMA 2002). A biológiai sokféleség fenntartása szem- pontjából természetvédelmi, őseink szorgos munkája nyomán tájtörténeti, értékes gyümölcse révén társadalmi és gazdasági szempontból is fontos a helyi ökológiai viszonyokhoz jól alkalmazkodó tájfajták megmentése, megőrzése. Nagymaros mára sokat vesztett kultúrtájjellegéből. A 19. század végétől a szőlő térhódítása, 1945-től – gazdasági, társadalmi, politikai okokból – a gazdálkodás fo- kozatos felhagyása, később a kéregrák
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