DOCSLIB.ORG

Refugio Beach Oil Spill Draft Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan/Environmental Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Refugio Beach Oil Spill Draft Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan/Environmental Assessment Refugio Beach Oil Spill Draft Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan/Environmental Assessment Prepared by: California Department of Fish and Wildlife California State Lands Commission California Department of Parks and Recreation University of California The Department of Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Refugio Beach Oil Spill DRAFT Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan/Environmental Assessment April 22, 2020 On the Cover: Oiled Beach by U.S. Coast Guard Oiled octopus and invertebrates by Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees Dolphins by Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees Pelicans by Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees Harbor seal by Santa Barbara Channelkeeper Suggested Citation: Refugio Beach Oil Spill Trustees. 2020. Refugio Beach Oil Spill Draft Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan/Environmental Assessment. Prepared by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California State Lands Commission, California Department of Parks and Recreation, Regents of the University of California, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2 Refugio Beach Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment Summary: Shoreline Habitats Human Uses $5.5 million $3.9 million Injury: Aproximately 1,500 acres of shoreline Injury: The Trustees estimate over 140,000 lost habitat were impacted including sandy beach recreational user days in Santa Barbara and and rocky intertidal habitats. Ventura Counties; six days of beach closures in Los Angeles County; and lost research, Restoration: Remove Ellwood seawall, education, and outreach opportunities at the enhance red abalone populations, and restore University of California, Santa Barbara Coal Oil degraded sand dune habitats. Point Natural Reserve. Affected recreational activities included camping, sunbathing, beach combing, exercising, swimming, wildlife viewing, Subtidal and Fish Habitats fishing, diving, boating and surfing. $6.1 million Restoration: Injury: Approximately 2,200 acres of benthic Restoration funds (53%) will be administered subtidal habitat were impacted. by State Parks for use on projects benefiting camping and shore-based recreation from Restoration: Restore red abalone populations in Gaviota State Park to El Capitan State Beach. Marine Protected Areas, restore eelgrass beds in Refugio cove, remove Ellwood seawall, restore Restoration funds (46%) will be administered sand dwelling kelp offshore of Goleta Beach. by State Trustees for use on projects benefiting coastal recreation in Ventura County, Los Angeles County, and Santa Barbara County Birds outside of State Park property upcoast of El $2.2 million Capitan State Beach. Injury: 558 birds were estimated killed, repre- Restoration funds (aproximately 1%) will be senting over 28 different species. administered by the University of California for use on projects benefiting research, education, Restoration: Remove invasive plants from or outreach at the Coal Oil Point Reserve. brown pelican nesting colonies on Anacapa Island, reduce seabird injuries from recreational fishing, and implement conservation actions for Restoration Planning, western snowy plovers. Implementation, and Marine Mammals Oversight $2.3 million $2 million Injury: 156 pinnipeds and 76 cetaceans were estimated injured or killed. Public Input Full Document: https://go.usa.gov/xvWEg Restoration: Increase the capability to recover Administrative Record: https://go.usa.gov/xvWEc and rehabilitate marine mammals in distress Comment Period: April 22, 2020 to June 8, 2020 in Santa Barbra and Ventura County, and Increase the capability to respond to instances Virtual Public Meetings: May 13, 2020,1:00 pm of cetacean entanglement in the Santa and 6:00 pm (PDT) Barbara Channel. Submit Comments: [email protected] Executive Summary On May 19, 2015 a 24-inch diameter on-shore pipeline (Line 901) that extends approximately 10.7 miles along the Santa Barbara County coastline in California ruptured resulting in the release of approximately 2,934 barrels (123,228 gallons) of heavy crude oil (U.S. DOT 2016). Line 901 is a buried, insulated pipeline that transported heated crude oil from Exxon Mobil’s storage tanks in Las Flores Canyon westward to Plains’ Gaviota Pumping Station. The pipeline is owned and operated by Plains All American Pipeline, L.P., and Plains Pipeline, L.P. (jointly, Plains). The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) determined that the cause of the Line 901 failure was external corrosion under insulation that thinned the pipe wall to a level where it ruptured suddenly and released heavy crude oil. Crude oil from the buried pipeline saturated the soil and flowed into a culvert that crosses under Highway 101 and railroad tracks, and ultimately discharged into the Pacific Ocean at Refugio State Beach. The crude oil that entered the ocean posed a significant risk to and injured marine plants and wildlife, including seagrasses, kelp, invertebrates, fish, birds, and mammals. In addition to direct natural resource impacts, the closure of beaches and fisheries occurred just days before the Memorial Day weekend, resulting in losses for local businesses and lost opportunities for the public to visit and enjoy the shore and offshore areas. Tar balls attributable to the Line 901 release were carried by southerly ocean currents and eventually reached some beaches in Los Angeles County (California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2016). The response (cleanup) to this significant spill brought together a number of federal, state, local agencies, and Native American tribes operating under a Unified Command. For the spill response, Incident Commanders consisted of representatives of the United States Coast Guard (USCG), California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response (CDFW-OSPR), Santa Barbara County, and Plains1. The Refugio Beach oil spill cleanup effort completed Phase I “active cleanup and gross oil removal” on August 31, 2015, and completed Phase II “refined oil cleanup endpoints for shorelines targeting maximum net environmental benefit” on January 22, 2016 ( U.S. Coast Guard, 2016). Phase III monitoring activities were largely concluded on May 26, 2016 and the Unified Command disestablished on March 10, 2017 (U.S. Coast Guard 2017). In parallel with the response and cleanup effort, the natural resources trustee agencies (Trustees) conducted a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) to quantify the injuries to natural resources from the spill and assess natural resource damages. In this case, the Trustees for the natural resources injured by the spill include the United States Department of Commerce represented by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); the United States Department of the Interior represented by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Park Service (NPS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM); the CDFW- 1 The National Contingency Plan calls for the Responsible Party to be a member of the Unified Command; ref. 40 CFR 300.135(d) 4 OSPR; the California Department of Parks and Recreation (CDPR); the California State Lands Commission (CSLC); and the Regents of the University of California (the Trustees). As a designated Trustee, each of these agencies is authorized to act on behalf of the public under state and/or federal laws to assess and recover natural resource damages and to plan and implement actions to restore, rehabilitate, replace, or acquire the equivalent of the affected natural resources injured as a result of a discharge of oil. In accordance with the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) NRDA regulations ((33 U.S.C. 2706(b)), the Trustees have cooperatively gathered information and prepared this Draft Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan (DARP)/Environmental Assessment (EA) for public review and comment. This document describes the injuries resulting from the spill and proposes restoration projects intended to compensate the public for those injuries. This document is also an Environmental Assessment intended to satisfy the Federal Trustees’ requirement to evaluate the environmental impacts of the proposed restoration projects under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and is therefore called a Draft DARP/EA. A full environmental review would be premature for some of the proposed projects in the document, as well as projects that were deemed ”second tier” or of lower priority. The need for additional NEPA review will be determined once detailed engineering design work or operational plans are developed for selected projects. Additional review may also be required if any second tier projects are implemented. Under OPA, the responsible party (RP) is liable for the cost of implementing restoration projects, as well as the costs incurred by the Trustees to undertake this damage assessment. The Trustees settled their claim for natural resource damages with Plains, subject to Court approval. This document describes the Trustees proposed restoration projects that are designed to address the various resources impacted by the spill, as well as a process to identify appropriate human use projects for funding. All of the proposed projects are designed to restore, replace, or acquire the equivalent of the lost resources and/or their services through restorative on-the-ground actions. Furthermore, several of the projects address multiple resources. The projects were selected based upon the biological
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ASSESSMENT of COASTAL WATER RESOURCES and WATERSHED CONDITIONS at CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA Dr. Diana L. Engle
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-2006/354 Water Resources Division Natural Resource Program Centerent of the Interior ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED CONDITIONS AT CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA Dr. Diana L. Engle The National Park Service Water Resources Division is responsible for providing water resources management policy and guidelines, planning, technical assistance, training, and operational support to units of the National Park System. Program areas include water rights, water resources planning, marine resource management, regulatory guidance and review, hydrology, water quality, watershed management, watershed studies, and aquatic ecology. Technical Reports The National Park Service disseminates the results of biological, physical, and social research through the Natural Resources Technical Report Series. Natural resources inventories and monitoring activities, scientific literature reviews, bibliographies, and proceedings of technical workshops and conferences are also disseminated through this series. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Copies of this report are available from the following: National Park Service (970) 225-3500 Water Resources Division 1201 Oak Ridge Drive, Suite 250 Fort Collins, CO 80525 National Park Service (303) 969-2130 Technical Information Center Denver Service Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225-0287 Cover photos: Top Left: Santa Cruz, Kristen Keteles Top Right: Brown Pelican, NPS photo Bottom Left: Red Abalone, NPS photo Bottom Left: Santa Rosa, Kristen Keteles Bottom Middle: Anacapa, Kristen Keteles Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Channel Islands National Park, California Dr. Diana L.
    [Show full text]
  • And Red Sea Urchins
    NEGATIVELY CORRELATED ABUNDANCE SUGGESTS COMPETITION BETWEEN RED ABALONE (Haliotis rufescens) AND RED SEA URCHINS (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ESTABLISHED MPAs CLOSED TO COMMERCIAL SEA URCHIN HARVEST IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA By Johnathan Centoni A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology Committee Membership Dr. Sean Craig, Committee Chair Dr. Brian Tissot, Committee Member Dr. Paul Bourdeau, Committee Member Dr. Joe Tyburczy, Committee Member Dr. Erik Jules, Program Graduate Coordinator May 2018 ABSTRACT NEGATIVELY CORRELATED ABUNDANCE SUGGESTS COMPETITION BETWEEN RED ABALONE (Haliotis rufescens) AND RED SEA URCHINS (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ESTABLISHED MPAs CLOSED TO COMMERCIAL SEA URCHIN HARVEST IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Johnathan Centoni Red abalone and sea urchins are both important herbivores that potentially compete with each other for resources like food and space along the California coast. Red abalone supported a socioeconomically important recreational fishery during this study (which was closed in 2018) and red sea urchins support an important commercial fishery. Both red sea urchins and red abalone feed on the same macroalgae (including Pterygophora californica, Laminaria setchellii, Stephanocystis osmundacea, Costaria costata, Alaria marginata, Nereocystis leutkeana), and a low abundance of this food source during the period of this project may have created a highly competitive environment for urchins and abalone. Evidence that suggests competition between red abalone and red sea urchins can be seen within data collected during the years of this study (2014-2016): a significantly higher red sea urchin density, concomitant with a significantly lower red abalone density, was observed within areas closed to commercial sea urchin harvest (in MPAs) compared to nearby reference areas open to sea urchin harvest.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal Marine Protected Areas: Protecting Maritime Ways And
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The White Paper entitled Tribal Marine Protected Areas: Protecting Maritime Ways and Practice published by the Wishtoyo Foundation (Ventura County, Santa Barbara) in 2004 describes the ecological and cultural significance of south-central California’s marine environment as a suitable area to establish new marine protected areas or MPAs. Tribal MPAs can be one tool for tribal people to co-manage and protect important submerged Chumash cultural sites and coastal marine ecosystems. The Chumash people lived in villages along the south-central California coast from the present day sites of Malibu to Morro Bay and extended to the northern Channel Islands. The Chumash reference for the northern Channel Islands are Tuqan (San Miguel), Wi’ma (Santa Rosa), Limuw (Santa Cruz) and Anyapax (Anacapa). Limuw means “in the sea is the meaning of the language spoken” while Chumash villages were named after the sea, such as Mikiw or “the place of mussels”. Evidence of Chumash village sites and tomol routes show an intimate relationship with the culture, sea and northern Channel Islands. The map below shows the villages and tomol routes within the greater Chumash bioregion. The varied maritime culture was diverse and depended on the rich array of animals and plants. Many animals, such as the swordfish, played a central role in Chumash maritime song, ceremony, ritual and dance. The Chumash people were heavily dependent on a healthy marine environment; the marine component of the Chumash diet consisted of over 150 types of marine fishes as well as a variety of shellfish including crabs, lobsters, mussels, abalone, clams, oysters, chitons, and other gastropods.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Spawning and Larval Rearing of Red Sea Urchin Salmacis Bicolor (L
    Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(6) 3098-3111 2020 DOI: 10.22092/ijfs.2020.122939 Research Article Spawning and larval rearing of red sea urchin Salmacis bicolor (L. Agassiz and Desor, 1846;Echinodermata: Echinoidea) Gobala Krishnan M.1; Radhika Rajasree S.R.2*; Karthih M.G.1; Aranganathan L.1 Received: February 2019 Accepted: May 2019 Abstract Gonads of sea urchin attract consumers due to its high nutritional value than any other seafood delicacies. Aquaculturists are also very keen on developing larval culture methods for large-scale cultivation. The present investigation systematically examined the larval rearing, development, survival and growth rate of Salmacis bicolor fed with various microalgal diets under laboratory condition. Fertilization rate was estimated as 95%. The blastula and gastrula stages attained at 8.25 h and 23.10 h post-fertilization. The 4 - armed pluteus larvae were formed with two well - developed post-oral arms at 44.20 h following post-fertilization. The 8 - armed pluteus attained at 9 days post fertilization. The competent larva with complete rudiment growth was developed on 25th days post - fertilization. Monodiet algal feed - Chaetoceros calcitrans and Dunaliella salina resulted medium (50.6 ± 2.7%) and low survival rate (36.8 ± 1.7%) of S. bicolor larvae. However, combination algal feed – Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans has promoted high survival rate (68.3 ± 2.5%) which was significantly different between the mono and combination diet. From the observations of the study, combination diet could be adopted as an effective feed measure to promote the production of nutritionally valuable roes of S.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaviota Coast Plan), for Public Hearing and Commission Action at the May 10, 2018 Commission Hearing in Santa Rosa
    STATE OF CALIFORNIA -- NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY EDMUND G. BROWN JR., Governor CALIFORNIA COASTAL COMMISSION SOUTH CENTRAL COAST AREA 89 SOUTH CALIFORNIA ST., SUITE 200 VENTURA, CA 93001 (805) 585-1800 Th19c DATE: April 24, 2018 TO: Commissioners and Interested Persons FROM: Steve Hudson, Deputy Director Barbara Carey, District Manager Deanna Christensen, Supervising Coastal Program Analyst Michelle Kubran, Coastal Program Analyst SUBJECT: County of Santa Barbara Local Coastal Program Amendment No. LCP-4-STB- 16-0067-3 (Gaviota Coast Plan), for public hearing and Commission action at the May 10, 2018 Commission Hearing in Santa Rosa. ______________________________________________________________________________ DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBMITTAL Santa Barbara County is requesting an amendment to the certified Land Use Plan (LUP) and certified Implementation Program/Coastal Zoning Ordinance (IP/CZO) portions of its certified Local Coastal Program (LCP) to designate the Gaviota Coast Plan area; add associated goals, objectives, policies, actions, programs and development standards as described in the Gaviota Coast Plan; and add implementing zoning district and overlay maps. The Gaviota Coast is located in southern Santa Barbara County and is bounded by the western boundary of the Goleta Community Plan to the east, Vandenberg Air Force Base to the west, the ridgeline of the Santa Ynez Mountains and Gaviota Creek Watershed to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The amendment will result in changes to the LUP and the IP/CZO. The County of Santa Barbara (County) submitted LCP Amendment LCP-4-STB-16-0067-3 to the Commission on December 20, 2016. The amendment submittal was deemed complete on March 30, 2017, after the complete submittal of additional information requested by Commission staff.
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Urchin Aquaculture
    American Fisheries Society Symposium 46:179–208, 2005 © 2005 by the American Fisheries Society Sea Urchin Aquaculture SUSAN C. MCBRIDE1 University of California Sea Grant Extension Program, 2 Commercial Street, Suite 4, Eureka, California 95501, USA Introduction and History South America. The correct color, texture, size, and taste are factors essential for successful sea The demand for fish and other aquatic prod- urchin aquaculture. There are many reasons to ucts has increased worldwide. In many cases, develop sea urchin aquaculture. Primary natural fisheries are overexploited and unable among these is broadening the base of aquac- to satisfy the expanding market. Considerable ulture, supplying new products to growing efforts to develop marine aquaculture, particu- markets, and providing employment opportu- larly for high value products, are encouraged nities. Development of sea urchin aquaculture and supported by many countries. Sea urchins, has been characterized by enhancement of wild found throughout all oceans and latitudes, are populations followed by research on their such a group. After World War II, the value of growth, nutrition, reproduction, and suitable sea urchin products increased in Japan. When culture systems. Japan’s sea urchin supply did not meet domes- Sea urchin aquaculture first began in Ja- tic needs, fisheries developed in North America, pan in 1968 and continues to be an important where sea urchins had previously been eradi- part of an integrated national program to de- cated to protect large kelp beds and lobster fish- velop food resources from the sea (Mottet 1980; eries (Kato and Schroeter 1985; Hart and Takagi 1986; Saito 1992b). Democratic, institu- Sheibling 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Biology of the Red Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus Franciscanus, and Its Fishery in California
    Biology of the Red Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, and Its Fishery in California SUSUMU KAT0 and STEPHEN C. SCHROETER Introduction Canada and the United States to answer quested information to help them devel- some of these needs. This report pre- op fisheries for their species of sea Since Kat0 (1972) reported on the sents relevant information from the urchins. beginning of the sea urchin fishery in literature, much of which is not readily California, it has grown dramatically. accessible to persons in the industry, as Description of Sea Urchins The catch has exceeded 11,OOO metric well as from our own investigations. A Sea urchins belong to the phylum tons (t) in 1981 in California, and up to review of red sea urchin, Strongylocen- Echinodermata, which also includes 500 t have been harvested in 1 year in trotus franciscanus (Fig. l), biology is starfish, sea cucumbers, sea lilies, and Washington. Most of the product of the given to promote understanding of brittle stars. All sea urchins have a hard fishery, the roe (both male and female natural processes which can have a calcareous shell called a test, which is gonads), is marketed in Japan, where bearing on the commercial use of sea covered with a thin epithelium and is the sea urchins as well as the roe are urchins. Descriptions of the harvesting, usually armed with spines. The mouth, called “uni.” processing, and marketing sectors of the located on the underside, consists of five Inevitabky, development of the fishery industry are also presented. We hope calcareous plates called “Aristotle’s lan- has raised questions about the status of that this information will aid in main- tern” in honor of the Greek naturalist populations, and effects of the fishery taining a commercially viable and envi- and philosopher.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Channel Islands National Park, California
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-2006/354 Water Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center Natural Resource Program Centerent of the Interior ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED CONDITIONS AT CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA Dr. Diana L. Engle The National Park Service Water Resources Division is responsible for providing water resources management policy and guidelines, planning, technical assistance, training, and operational support to units of the National Park System. Program areas include water rights, water resources planning, marine resource management, regulatory guidance and review, hydrology, water quality, watershed management, watershed studies, and aquatic ecology. Technical Reports The National Park Service disseminates the results of biological, physical, and social research through the Natural Resources Technical Report Series. Natural resources inventories and monitoring activities, scientific literature reviews, bibliographies, and proceedings of technical workshops and conferences are also disseminated through this series. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Copies of this report are available from the following: National Park Service (970) 225-3500 Water Resources Division 1201 Oak Ridge Drive, Suite 250 Fort Collins, CO 80525 National Park Service (303) 969-2130 Technical Information Center Denver Service Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225-0287 Cover photos: Top Left: Santa Cruz, Kristen Keteles Top Right: Brown Pelican, NPS photo Bottom Left: Red Abalone, NPS photo Bottom Left: Santa Rosa, Kristen Keteles Bottom Middle: Anacapa, Kristen Keteles Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Channel Islands National Park, California Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Baselines for Oregon's Coast
    Ecological Baselines For Oregon’s Coast A report for agencies that manage Oregon’s coastal habitats Roberta L. Hall, Editor Thomas A. Ebert Jennifer S. Gilden David R. Hatch Karina Lorenz Mrakovcich Courtland L. Smith Ecological Baselines For Oregon’s Coast A report for agencies that manage Oregon’s coastal habitats for ecological and economic sustainability, and for all who are interested in the welfare of wildlife that inhabit our coast and its estuaries. Editor: Roberta L. Hall, Emeritus Professor, Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University Contributing Authors: Thomas A. Ebert, Emeritus Professor, Department of Biology, San Diego State University Jennifer S. GilDen, Associate Staff Officer, Communications anD Information, Pacific Fishery Management Council Roberta L. Hall, Emeritus Professor, Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University DaviD R. Hatch, FounDing member, the Elakha Alliance; member, the ConfeDerateD Tribes of the Siletz InDians Karina Lorenz Mrakovcich, Professor, Science Department, U.S. Coast GuarD AcaDemy CourtlanD L. Smith, Emeritus Professor, School of Language, Culture, anD Society, Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon April 2012 To request additional copies, or to contact an author, e-mail the editor: [email protected] Printed by the Oregon State University Department of Printing and Mailing Services, Corvallis, Oregon, April 2012. Contents Baselines for Oregon’s coastal resources 5 Shifting baselines ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Protected Area Outreach, Education and Ambassador Programs September 2016 DRAFT List of Programs by Region DEL NORTE
    Marine Protected Area Outreach, Education and Ambassador Programs September 2016 DRAFT Please send any corrections or additions to [email protected] List of programs by region DEL NORTE – page 6 1. Redwood State and National Parks Education 2. Crescent City Harbor District 3. North Coast District PORTS Distance Learning Program HUMBOLDT – page 6 1. Friends of the Dunes 2. Kayak Zak’s 3. Redwood Edventures 4. BLM - King Range 5. MPA IPA 6. Humboldt MPA Chocolate 7. North Coast Junior Lifeguards 8. Humboldt Area Saltwater Anglers MENDOCINO – page 9 1. Beach Watch - Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary 2. Mendocino Coast Audubon Society 3. Reef Check - North Coast Region 4. CA Indian Water Commission: 5. Mendocino Ab Watch 6. Potter Valley Tribe/Mendocino MPA Collaborative 7. Mendocino State Parks: 8. Noyo Marine Center - Docent Program 9. Mendocino High School SONAR (School of Natural Resources) SONOMA – page 12 1. Sonoma County Water Agency 2. Bodega Marine Lab 3. LIMPETS - Farallones National Marine Sanctuary 4. Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods 5. Sonoma State Parks 6. Sonoma Surfrider Chapter 7. Sea to school - Marine Mammal Center 8. Sonoma MPA Collaborative 9. Beach Watch (see description under Mendocino) GOLDEN GATE – page 13 1. Golden Gate Collaborative Ambassador Program 2. Beach Watch - See description under Mendocino 3. Citizen Science Program - Cal Academy of Sciences 4. Rocky Shore Naturalist Program (being phased out) - Cal Academy of Sciences 5. Point Reyes National Sanctuary 6. Marin MPA Watch (Environmental Action Committee of West Marin) 7. Shark Stewards 8. Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Santa Barbara County Integrated Regional Water Management Plan Update 2019
    SANTA BARBARA COUNTY INTEGRATED REGIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE 2019 Prepared for : SANTA BARBARA COUNTY IRWM COOPERATING PARTNERS INTEGRATED REGIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE 2019 Prepared by: 621 Chapala Street Santa Barbara, California 93101 Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material. Santa Barbara County IRWM Region IRWM Plan Update 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................... XI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................... XIII 1 INTRODUCTION TO IRWM PLAN UPDATE 2019 ...................................................1 1.1 Integrated Regional Water Management ................................................................ 6 2 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................9 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Regional Overview ................................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Regional Acceptance Process ..................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Internal Boundaries ..................................................................................... 9 2.2.3 Integrated Regional Water Resource Management in the Region ............ 17 2.3 Physical Setting ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Feasibility of Enhancing Red Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus Franciscanus, Stocks in California: an Analysis of the Options
    The Feasibility of Enhancing Red Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, Stocks in California: An Analysis of the Options MIA J. TEGNER Introduction tially throughout the range of the fish­ Ui 25,000 ery, the alternatives are a reduced c: B 20,000 The red sea urchin, Strongylocen­ harvest and contraction of the indus­ .!'! ~ 15,000 trotus franciscanus, is the largest try, or stock enhancement to maintain §. echinoid in kelp forest communities populations above what is possible ~ 10,000 c: along the west coast of North America with current fishery practices. The =g 5,000 C\l and is fished commercially from Brit­ spectacular successes achieved with ...J o+--..:.....~---.---~~~ ish Columbia to Baja California some finfishes, notably the salmonids, 1970 1975 1980 1985 (Sloan, 1986). The California sea as well as the many recent advances in Figure I.-California landings of urchin fishery began in the early aquaculture, have led to widespread red sea urchins, 1971-87 (Calif. 1970's and grew very rapidly to total interest in the second and more eco­ Dep. Fish Game. Unpubl. data). landings of more than 20,000 metric nomically appealing alternative. Here, tons (t) in 1987 (Kato and Schroeter, I examine potential options for the en­ l 1985; Parker ). By 1987, this was the hancement of red sea urchin stocks, second most valuable fishery in Cali­ consider the conditions under which methods to enhance fishable stocks. fornia waters with a landed value of each might be appropriate, and make The success of all attempts to enhance $13,693,000. There are no unfished relative estimates of the costs and ef­ benthic invertebrate stocks by the re­ stocks left in southern California; only fort involved.
    [Show full text]