Field Trip 1 Desert Gems – Botswana's Major Mines
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Field Trip 1 Desert Gems – Botswana’s Major Mines Pre- and Post-Conference Organiser: Martin Roberts, Todd McKinlay, Debswana Leaders: Debswana and Lucara Diamond Corporation geologists It is envisaged that, depending on delegate interest, for both the Field Trip 1 Pre- Conference and Field Trip 1 Post-Conference, there will be two buses travelling in opposite directions and starting at different mines: • BUS A - Orapa Mine first. • BUS B - Jwaneng Mine first. Combined, the two buses can accommodate a total of 80 delegates on each of the Pre- and Post-Conference field trips (a total of 160 participants). VERY IMPORTANT • Delegates must provide their own PPE as outlined on the field trip overview page of www.11IKC.com • All travel bookings and formalities to and from Gaborone in Botswana are for your own arrangement and account • One to two twenty litre buckets will be provided per delegate for sample collection and shipping. • Where sampling is allowed on field trips, there will be an opportunity to pack and courier samples at the end of the trip. The Organising Committee is intending to obtain sample export permits for each delegate to export from Botswana the samples collected. These export permits will not cover any samples collected other than on that particular field trip. Participants should not include samples from any other source. In particular, participants should not transport samples between countries. WARNING: There is alcohol testing on all mines to be visited. If you fail the breathalyzer test you will be left outside the mine. FIELD TRIP 1 - PRE-CONFERENCE BUS A – ORAPA MINE FIRST ITINERARY Dates: Saturday 9th September to Saturday 16th September 2017 Saturday 9th September 2017 • Delegates arrive in Gaborone under their own arrangements • Accommodation with dinner at Metcourt Hotel, Grand Palm Resort, Gaborone Sunday 10th September 2017 • Drive Gaborone to Orapa Mine, Debswana (all day) • Accommodation with dinner at Selo Guest House, Orapa Mine Monday 11th September 2017 • Visit Orapa Mine - Debswana • Accommodation with dinner at Selo Guest House, Orapa Mine Tuesday 12th September 2017 • Visit Letlhakane and Damtshaa Mines - Debswana • Bush Night at Orapa Mine Game Reserve (with Bus B) • Accommodation at Thakadu Hotel, Letlhakane Town Wednesday 13th September 2017 • Visit Karowe Mine – Lucara Diamond Corporation • Dinner - Lucara Diamond Corporation (with Bus B) • Accommodation at Thakadu Hotel, Letlhakane Town Thursday 14th September 2017 • Drive Orapa to Jwaneng (all day) • Accommodation with dinner at Cresta Hotel, Jwaneng Town Friday 15th September 2017 • Visit Jwaneng Mine - Debswana • Bush Night at Jwaneng Mine Game Reserve • Accommodation at Cresta Hotel, Jwaneng Town Saturday 16th September 2017 • Drive Jwaneng to Lobatse • Visit Botswana Geoscience Institute core store • Drive Lobatse to Gaborone • Accommodation in Gaborone under your own arrangement as for the conference FIELD TRIP 1 - PRE-CONFERENCE BUS B - JWANENG MINE FIRST ITINERARY Dates: Saturday 9th September to Saturday 16th September 2017 Saturday 9th September 2017 • Delegates arrive in Gaborone under their own arrangements • Accommodation with dinner at Metcourt Hotel, Grand Palm Resort, Gaborone Sunday 10th September 2017 • Drive Gaborone to Lobatse • Visit Botswana Geoscience Institute core store • Drive Lobatse to Jwaneng • Accommodation with dinner at Cresta Hotel, Jwaneng Town Monday 11th September 2017 • Visit Jwaneng Mine - Debswana • Bush Night at Jwaneng Mine Game Reserve • Accommodation at Cresta Hotel, Jwaneng Town Tuesday 12th September 2017 • Drive Jwaneng to Orapa (all day) • Bush Night at Orapa Mine Game Reserve (with Bus A) • Accommodation with dinner at Selo Guest House, Orapa Mine Wednesday 13th September 2017 • Visit Orapa Mine - Debswana • Dinner – Lucara Diamond Corporation (with Bus A) • Accommodation at Selo Guest House, Orapa Mine Thursday 14th September 2017 • Visit Letlhakane and Damtshaa Mines - Debswana • Accommodation with dinner at Thakadu Hotel, Letlhakane Town Friday 15th September 2017 • Visit Karowe Mine – Lucara Diamond Corporation • Accommodation with dinner at Thakadu Hotel, Letlhakane Town Saturday 16th September 2017 • Drive Letlhakane to Gaborone (all day) • Accommodation in Gaborone under your own arrangement as for the conference FIELD TRIP 1 - POST-CONFERENCE BUS A - ORAPA MINE FIRST ITINERARY Dates: Sunday 24th September to Sunday 1st October 2017 Saturday 23rd September 2017 – Trip 1 Post-Conference • Delegates are already in Gaborone following end of the conference • Accommodation in Gaborone under your own arrangement as for the conference Sunday 24th September 2017 • Drive Gaborone to Orapa Mine, Debswana (all day) • Accommodation with dinner at Selo Guest House, Orapa Mine Monday 25th September 2017 • Visit Orapa Mine - Debswana • Accommodation with dinner at Selo Guest House, Orapa Mine Tuesday 26th September 2017 • Visit Letlhakane and Damtshaa Mines - Debswana • Bush Night at Orapa Mine Game Reserve (with Bus B) • Accommodation at Thakadu Hotel, Letlhakane Town Wednesday 27th September 2017 • Visit Karowe Mine – Lucara Diamond Corporation • Dinner - Lucara Diamond Corporation (with Bus B) • Accommodation at Thakadu Hotel, Letlhakane Town Thursday 28th September 2017 • Drive Orapa to Jwaneng (all day) • Accommodation with dinner at Cresta Hotel, Jwaneng Town Friday 29th September 2017 • Visit Jwaneng Mine - Debswana • Bush Night at Jwaneng Mine Game Reserve • Accommodation at Cresta Hotel, Jwaneng Town Saturday 30th September 2017 • Drive Jwaneng to Lobatse • Visit Botswana Geoscience Institute core store • Drive Lobatse to Gaborone • Accommodation with dinner at Metcourt Hotel, Grand Palm Resort, Gaborone Sunday 1st October 2017 • Delegates depart Gaborone for home under your own arrangements FIELD TRIP 1 – POST-CONFERENCE BUS B – JWANENG MINE FIRST ITINERARY Dates: Sunday 24th September to Sunday 1st October 2017 Saturday 23rd September 2017 • Delegates are already in Gaborone following end of the conference • Accommodation in Gaborone under your own arrangement as for the conference Sunday 24th September 2017 • Drive Gaborone to Lobatse • Visit Botswana Geoscience Institute core store • Drive Lobatse to Jwaneng • Accommodation with dinner at Crest Hotel, Jwaneng Town Monday 25th September 2017 • Visit Jwaneng Mine - Debswana • Bush Night at Jwaneng Mine Game Reserve • Accommodation at Crest Hotel, Jwaneng Town Tuesday 26th September 2017 • Drive Jwaneng to Orapa (all day) • Bush Night at Orapa Game Reserve (with Bus A) • Accommodation at Selo Guest House, Orapa Mine Wednesday 27th September 2017 • Visit Orapa Mine - Debswana • Dinner – Lucara Diamond Corporation (with Bus A) • Accommodation at Selo Guest House, Orapa Mine Thursday 28th September 2017 • Visit Letlhakane and Damtshaa Mines - Debswana • Accommodation with dinner at Thakadu Hotel, Letlhakane Town Friday 29th September 2017 • Visit Karowe Mine – Lucara Diamond Corporation • Accommodation with dinner at Thakadu Hotel, Letlhakane Town Saturday 30th September 2017 • Drive Letlhakane to Gaborone • Accommodation with dinner at Metcourt Hotel, Grand Palm Resort, Gaborone Sunday 1st October 2017 • Delegates depart for home under your own arrangements ORAPA MINE – DEBSWANA DIAMOND COMPANY Resting place for lions (in Sesarwa) Orapa is a conventional open pit mine, situated 240 km west of Francistown. The Mine was discovered in 1967 by a team of De Beers geologists led by Manfred Marx. It became fully operational in July 1971 when it was officially opened by the then President of Botswana, His Excellency Sir Seretse Khama. The Orapa A/K1 pipe consists of two volcanic conduits that coalesced near the surface totalling 118 Ha before mining commenced. Each of these pipes represents a discrete batch of kimberlite magma that has resulted in a variation in the nature of the diamonds found within each pipe. The deposit was dated at 93.1 Ma using mantle zircon grains (Davis, 1977). The older North Pipe contains crudely layered pyroclastic kimberlite, not unlike those of the diatreme-facies “TKB” described by Clement (1982), with avalanched basalt breccia lenses around the periphery. Three major units have been modelled. The South Pipe has a far more complex geology. Three phases of intrusions have been modelled, each separated by a sequence of basalt-rich breccias. Massive, steeply dipping basalt breccias are present around the periphery of the western and eastern margins of the pipe. The upper portion of the pipe contains a sequence of epiclastic kimberlite composed of shales, grits, sandstones and debris flows that were formed in a crater-lake. These deposits contained a variety of Cretaceous fossil plants and insects (Rayner et al. 1991). Orapa town serves as the administrative centre for Orapa, Letlhakane and Damtshaa Mines. Orapa is still ISO 14001 accredited, which is the equivalent of an impeccable environmental management programme. Orapa is a closed town with a population of over 12 000 people. Orapa Mine with the open pit in the foreground with town behind. Debswana. Orapa Mine open pit. Debswana. Orapa Mine open pit. Debswana. Orapa Mine plant. Debswana. LETLHAKANE MINE - DEBSWANA DIAMOND COMPANY Little reed (in Setswana) Letlhakane Mine is situated 50 km from Debswana's Orapa operation and 190 km West of Francistown, in Central Botswana. The mine, which was first discovered during the sampling and evaluation process at Orapa, became Debswana's second mine when it opened in 1975. 547 447 carats of diamonds were recovered