Mikesha Ya Peshwaar

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Mikesha Ya Peshwaar Mikesha Ya Peshwaar Author(s): Sayyid Muhammad al-Musawi al-Shirazi [1] Publisher(s): Al Itrah Foundation [2] Kitabu kilichoko mikononi mwako ni tarjuma ya kitabu cha Kiingereza kiitwacho, Peshawar Nights. Asili ya kitabu hiki ni cha lugha ya Kifarsi kwa jina la, Shab’ha-ye Peshawar. Sisi tumekiita, Mikesha ya Peshawar. Mikesha ya Peshawar ni nakala ya mjadala kati ya wanavyuoni mbalimbali wa Kisunni na mwanachuoni mmoja wa Kishia mzaliwa wa Shiraz (Iran) aitwaye Sayyid Abdu ‘l-Fani Muhammad al-Musawi Sultanu ‘l-Wa’idhiin, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa na umri wa miaka 31 tu. Mjadala huu ulifanyika katika mji wa Peshawar ambao wakati huo ilikuwa ni sehemu ya Bara Hindi na hivi sasa ni sehemu ya Pakistan. Ulifanyika kuanzia tarehe 27 Januari 1927 na kuundelea kwa mikesha kumi ndani ya msikiti ambako watu zaidi 200 walihudhuria kila usiku. Mjadala huu ulifanywa kwa muundo mzuri wa kuheshimiana pande zote bila ya kuvunjiana heshima. Mwandishi mwenyewe amejiita katika kitabu hiki kama “Da’i” yaani mtu anayewaombea mema watu wengine, sisi tumelitafsiri neno hilo kama “Muombezi”. Get PDF [3] Get EPUB [4] Get MOBI [5] Translator(s): Dr. M. S. Kanju [6] Topic Tags: Ahl al-Bayt [7] History [8] Shi'a [9] Person Tags: Prophet Muhammad [10] Sayyid Muhammad al-Musawi al-Shirazi [1] Fatimah al-Zahra [11] Neno La Mchapishaji Kitabu kilichoko mikononi mwako ni tarjuma ya kitabu cha Kiingereza kiitwacho, Peshawar Nights. Asili ya kitabu hiki ni cha lugha ya Kifarsi kwa jina la, Shab’ha-ye Peshawar. Sisi tumekiita, Mikesha ya Peshawar. Mikesha ya Peshawar ni nakala ya mjadala kati ya wanavyuoni mbalimbali wa Kisunni na mwanachuoni mmoja wa Kishia mzaliwa wa Shiraz (Iran) aitwaye Sayyid Abdu ‘l-Fani Muhammad al-Musawi Sultanu ‘l-Wa’idhiin, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa na umri wa miaka 31 tu. Mjadala huu ulifanyika katika mji wa Peshawar ambao wakati huo ilikuwa ni sehemu ya Bara Hindi na hivi sasa ni sehemu ya Pakistan. Ulifanyika kuanzia tarehe 27 Januari 1927 na kuundelea kwa mikesha kumi ndani ya msikiti ambako watu zaidi 200 walihudhuria kila usiku. Mjadala huu ulifanywa kwa muundo mzuri wa kuheshimiana pande zote bila ya kuvunjiana heshima. Mwandishi mwenyewe amejiita katika kitabu hiki kama “Da’i” yaani mtu anayewaombea mema watu wengine, sisi tumelitafsiri neno hilo kama “Muombezi”. Masharti ya mjadala yalikuwa kwamba ni vianzo vile tu vinavyokubaliwa na madhehebu zote ndivyo vitakavyorejelewa. Mjadala huu uliandikwa na kuripotiwa na waandishi wanne katika magazeti ya kila siku, na baadaye ukachapishwa kama kitabu huko Tehran, Iran. Huu ulikuwa ni mjadala uliopangwa vizuri, wa kielimu na utumiaji wa vipawa vya akili ambapo kila hoja iliyotolewa ilitumika elimu na akili kuiwasilisha mpaka pande zote zikaridhika. Katika kuwasilisha hoja zake, mwanachuoni huyu mkubwa wa Kishia alitumia rejea za vitabu vingi maarufu vya Kisunni na ambavyo si maarufu sana lakini vyenye kuaminika. Rejea na vitabu hivyo vimeorodheshwa kwa wingi sana ndani ya kitabu hiki ili msomaji aweze kuvirejelea. Lakini kwa bahati mbaya sana, mengi ya matoleo mapya ya vitabu hivyo yamefanyiwa mabadiliko na baadhi ya sehemu kuondolewa, hususan zile zinazounga mkono madai ya Shia. Ufuatao hapa chini ni mfano mdogo tu wa yanayofanywa katika vitabu hivyo: Katika ukurasa wa 301 wa juzuu ya 3 ya Tafsir al-Kashshaaf iliyokusanywa chini ya maelekezo ya Sheikh Mustafa al-Halabi (toleo la pili, 1319 A.H. liliochapishwa na Main Government Printing House ya Amiriah Bulaq ya Misir), kuna beti zinazojitokeza ambazo kwazo Jarullah Zamakhshari, mfasiri wa al- Kashshaaf, alitangaza wazi imani yake katika uhalali wa Ushia. Lakini katika chapisho la 1373 A.H. lililochapishwa na Printing House Istiqamah bi’l-Qahara, shairi lililotajwa halionekani tena. Marehemu Allamah Sayyid S. Akhtar Rizvi katika kitabu chake Uimamu uk. 37, anaandika kushangazwa kwake kutokana na maneno yaliyoondolewa katika kitabu cha at-Tarikh cha at-Tabari, chapa ya Leiden (ya mwaka 1879 Masihia) ambayo imeyanakili maneno ya Mtukufu Mtume (s.a.w.) aliyoyatumia wakati wa karamu maarufu ya ndugu wa karibu aliyoitayarisha mwenyewe. Maneno ya mwisho aliyoyasema Mtukufu Mtume (s.a.w.) katika karamu hiyo yalikuwa haya: “Enyi watu wangu! Huyu Ali ni ndugu yangu, wasii wangu na khalifa wangu miongoni mwenu; msikilizeni na mtiini.” Lakini katika chapa ya Misri (ya mwaka 1963 Masihia) - chapa ambayo inayodaiwa kuwa imechekiwa na ile ya Leiden - maneno haya muhimu: “wasii wangu na khalifa wangu” yamebadilishwa na kuwa “kadha wa kadha” na kusomeka hivi: “Huyu Ali ni ndugu yangu na kadha wa kadha.” Huu ni msiba mkubwa. Sultanu ‘l-Wa’idhiin, mwandishi wa kitabu hiki, amedondoa rejea nyingi kutoka katika matoleo ya zamani, hivyo, msomaji asishangae kutokuona rejea hizo katika matoleo mapya. Huu ni mchezo umefanywa na unaendelea kufanywa mpaka leo. Na lengo ni kuficha ukweli. Hata hivyo, ‘ukweli siku zote unaelea’; matoleo ya zamani yapo mengi na yamehifadhiwa kwenye maktaba zetu. Ni muhimu kufikia kila aina ya maoni katika kujaribu kuamua ukweli. Uislamu kimsingi uko dhidi ya kufuata kibubusa. Mjadala huu umefanywa ili kuwaelemisha Waislamu kwa ujumla juu ya madhehebu za Kiislamu ili kujenga maoni yao kuhusu mtazamo mzuri wa mtu mwenyewe. Ni muhimu mtu kuelewa hoja za wale ambao hakubaliani nao. Inawezekana kusemwa kwamba wale ambao hawaelewi kabisa mtazamo wa maoni tofau- ti, hawaelewi kwa ukamilifu (mtazamo) wa kwao wenyewe. Hili tena ni jaribio letu kubwa la kutoa kitabu kikubwa kinachohusu mjadala juu ya madhehebu za Kiislamu. Tumekiona kitabu hiki ni chenye manufaa sana, hususan wakati huu wa maendeleo makubwa ya elimu katika nyanja zote, ambapo uwongo, ngano za kale na upotoshaji wa historia ni mambo ambayo hayana nafasi tena katika akili za watu. Kutokana na ukweli huo, Taasisi yetu ya Al-Itrah Foundation imeona bora kukichapisha kitabu hiki kwa lugha ya Kiswahili, kwa madhumuni yake yaleyale ya kuwahudumia Waislamu, hususan wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili. Tunamshukuru ndugu yetu, Dr. M. S. Kanju kwa kukubali jukumu hili la kukitarjumi kitabu hiki. Vilevile tunawashukuru wale wote walioshiriki kwa njia moja au nyingine hadi kufanikisha kuchapishwa kwa kitabu hiki. Mchapishaji: Al-Itrah Foundation S. L. P. 19701 Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania Peshawar(Mikesha Ya Peshawar) Sultanu’l-Wa’izin Shirazi, mwanachuo mkubwa wa Iran, alitembelea India mwaka wa 1927 (1345 A.H.) wakati akiwa na umri wa miaka 30. Alipata makaribisho makubwa popote alipokwenda. Watu walinufaika kutokana na ujuzi wake wa hadithi, historia, na tafsiri juu ya Qur’ani Tukufu. Alishauriwa kuingia katika mjadala wa kidini tarehe 23 Rajab, 1345 A.H., na watu wa imani nyingine katika eneo la Peshawar, eneo ambalo lilikuwa ni katika India na ambalo leo ni eneo la Pakistan. Mjadala ulifanyika kwa muda wa mikesha kumi mfulululizo. Washiriki wakubwa wawili kutoka upande mwingine walikuwa ni wanachuoni maarufu wa Kabul, Hafidh Muhammad Rashid na Sheikh Abdul’s-Salam. Waandishi wanne waliandika taarifa za mjadala huo mbele ya watu takirban 200 (Shia na Sunni). Magazeti ya sehemu hiyo yaliandika taarifa za mjadala huo kila siku asubuhi iliyofuatia. Sultanu’l- Wa’idhin alikusanya maelezo ya magazeti kuhusu mjadala huo katika kitabu nchini Iran, na kuchapishwa Tehran kama Shabhaye-Peshawar, au Peshawar Nights ifuatayo ni tarjuma ya kitabu hicho: Mkutano Wa Kwanza (Usiku wa Alhamisi, 23 Rajab, 1345 A.H.) Hafidh Muhammad Rashid, Sheikh Abdu’s-Salam, Sayyid Abdu’l-Hayy, na wanachuoni wengine wa eneo hilo walihudhuria. Mjadala ulianza mbele ya mkusanyiko mkubwa. Katika majarida na magazeti, walimuita mwandishi kama “Qibla-o-Ka’ba,” lakini katika kurasa hizi nimejiita mwenyewe kama “Muombezi” na Hafidh Muhammad Rashid kama “Hafidh.” Hafidh: Tumefurahishwa sana kupata fursa hii ili kujadili nukta za msingi ambazo kwazo tunahitilafiana. Kwanza lazima tuamue jinsi tutakavyo endesha mjadala huu. Muombezi: Niko tayari kushiriki katika mjadala huu kwa masharti kwamba tunaweka kando mawazo yote tuliyokuwa nayo kabla (juu ya imani zetu), na kujadili masuala kwa mantiki, kama ndugu. Hafidh: Mimi pia niruhusiwe kutoa sharti moja: kwamba mjadala wetu uwe chini ya msingi wa maamrisho ya Qur’ani Tukufu. Muombezi: Sharti hili halikubaliki kwa vile Qur’ani Tukufu ni yenye habari nyingi katika maelezo machache ambayo maana zake za ndani lazima zitafsiriwe kwa kurejea kwenye matukio mengine na hadithi. Hafidh: Sawa, hili ni wazo la maana, lakini vile vile ni muhimu kwamba rejea zote zifanywe kwenye hadithi na matukio ambayo chimbuko lake ni juu ya ushahidi usiopingika. Lazima tujizuie kutokana na kurejea kwenye vyanzo vyenye mashaka. Muomezi: Imekubalika. Kwa mtu kama mimi, ambaye ana fahari ya kutosha kudai uhu- siano na Mtume, sio haki kwenda kinyume na mifano iliyowekwa na jadi wangu, Mtume wa Uislamu. Ametambulishwa katika Qur’ani kama ifuatavyo: {واﻧﱠﻚَ ﻟَﻌﻠَ ﺧُﻠُﻖ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ {4 “Na hakika una tabia njema kabisa.” (68:4) Vile vile sio vizuri kutenda dhidi ya maamrisho ya Qur’ani Tukufu ambayo inasema: {ادعُ اﻟَ ﺳﺒِﻴﻞ رﺑِﻚَ ﺑِﺎﻟْﺤﻤﺔ واﻟْﻤﻮﻋﻈَﺔ اﻟْﺤﺴﻨَﺔ ۖ وﺟﺎدِﻟْﻬﻢ ﺑِﺎﻟﱠﺘ ﻫ اﺣﺴﻦ ۚ{125 “Waite watu katika njia ya Mola wako kwa hikima na mauidha mema, na ujadiliane nao kwa nama iliyo bora…” (16:125) Uhusiano Na Mtukufu Mtume Hafidh: Samahani, unatoa rejea kwenye uhusiano wako na Mtukufu Mtume. Hiyo inajulikana sana, lakini naomba kwamba unifahamishe nasaba yako ili nipate kujua vipi jadi yako kinasaba imefikia kwa Mtume. Muombezi: Nasaba ya jadi yangu humfikia Mtume kupitia kwa Imamu Musa Kadhim kama ifuatavyo: Muhammad, mtoto wa Ali Akbar (Ashrafu’l-Waidhin), mtoto wa Mujahid al-Waidhin, mtoto wa Ibrahim, mtoto wa Salih, mtoto wa Abi Ali Muhammad, mtoto wa Ali (ajulikanye kama Mardan), mtoto wa Abi’l- Qasim Muhammad Taqi, mtoto wa (Maqbulu’d-Din) Husein, mtoto wa Abi Ali Hasan, mtoto wa Muhammad bin Fadhullah, mtoto wa Is’haq, mtoto wa Hashim, mtoto wa Abi Muhammad, mtoto wa Ibrahim, mtoto wa Abi’l-Fiyan, mtoto wa Abdallah, mtoto wa Hasan, watoto wa Ahmad (Abu Tayyib), mtoto wa Abi Ali Hasan, mtoto wa Abu Ja’far Muhammad al-Hari (Nazil-e-Kirman), mtoto wa Ibrahim Az-Zarir (ajulikanaye kama Mujab), mtoto wa Amir Muhammad al-Abid, mtoto wa Imamu Musa Kadhim, mtoto wa Imamu Muhammad Baqir, mtoto wa Imamu Ali Zainu’l-Abidin, mtoto wa Imamu Husein, mtoto wa Amir’l-Muminin, Ali bin Abi Talib.
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