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Lenguas Minoritarias ERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS MINORITARIAS 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LANGUAGES VII CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINO ÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINORITAIRES EREMU URRIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTE EREMU URRIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO RIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTEKO BILTZARRA VII CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONALVII. NAZIOARTEKO BILTZARRA DE LENGUAS M ERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS MINORITARIAS 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEVII CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL ON MINORITY LA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LANGUAGES VII CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALESDE LENGUAS MINORITARIAS DE LANGUES MINO VII CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALE ÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINORITAIRES EREMU URRIKO HIZKUNTZEIDES LANGUES BURUZKO MINORITAIRES VII. NAZIOARTE RIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTEKO BILTZARRA VII CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE DE LENGUAS ON M MINORITY LANGUAGES ERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS MINORITARIAS 7th INTERNATIONAL 1999 Euskal Herria CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LANGUAGES VII CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINO ÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINORITAIRES EREMU URRIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTE RIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTEKO BILTZARRA VII CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS M ERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS MINORITARIAS 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LANGUAGES VII CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINO ÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINORITAIRES Language Shift Reversing EREMU URRIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTE RIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTEKO BILTZARRA VII• CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS M ERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS MINORITARIAS 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LANGUAGES VII CONFÉRENCEHizkuntzaHizkuntza INTERNATIONALES BiziberritzekoBiziberritzeko DE LANGUES SaioakSaioak MINO ÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINORITAIRES EREMU URRIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTE RIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTEKO BILTZARRA VII CONFERENCIAExperiencias deINTERNACIONAL Inversión del Cambio DE Lingüístico LENGUAS M ERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS MINORITARIAS 7th INTERNATIONALRécupération de la Perte CONFERENCE Linguistique • Reversing ON Language MINORITY Shift LA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LANGUAGES VII CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINO ÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINORITAIRES EREMU URRIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTE Hizkuntza Biziberritzeko Saioak Experiencias de Inversión del Cambio Lingüístico Experiencias de Inversión Linguistique de la Perte Récupération RIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTEKO BILTZARRAHizkuntza Biziberritzeko Saioak VII CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS M ERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS MINORITARIAS 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LANGUAGES VII CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINO ÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUESISBN: 84-547-1932-7 MINORITAIRES EREMU URRIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTE RIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTEKO BILTZARRA VII CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS M ERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS,!7II4E5-hbjdcj! MINORITARIAS 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LA NATIONALEusko CONFERENCEJaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia ON MINORITY LANGUAGES VII CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALES DE LANGUES MINO KULTURA SAILA DEPARTAMENTO DE CULTURA ÉRENCE ServicioINTERNATIONALES Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco DE LANGUESSalneurria/P.V.P. MINORITAIRES26 EREMU URRIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTE RIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIOARTEKO BILTZARRA VII CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS M ERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE LENGUAS MINORITARIAS 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LA Eremu Urriko Hizkuntzei buruzko VII. Nazioarteko Biltzarra VII Conferencia Internacional de Lenguas Minoritarias VII Conférence Internationale des Langues Minoritaires 7th International Conference on Minority Languages TERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORI ENCEHizkuntza INTERNATIONALES Biziberritzeko DE LANGUES Saioak M URRIKO HIZKUNTZEI BURUZKO VII. NAZIO NFERENCIAExperiencias deINTERNACIONAL Inversión del Cambio DE Lingüístico LENGU TERNATIONALRécupération de la Perte CONFERENCE Linguistique • Reversing ON Language MINORI Shift KULTURA SAILA DEPARTAMENTO DE CULTURA Hizkuntza Politikarako Sailburuordetza Viceconsejería de Política Lingüística Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2002 International Conference on Minority Languages (7.a. 1999. Bilbao) Hizkuntza biziberritzeko saioak : Eremu Urriko Hizkuntzei buruzko VII. Nazioarteko Biltzarra = Experiencias de inversión del cambio lingüístico : VII Conferencia Interna- cional de Lenguas Minoritarias = Récupération de la perte linguistique : VII Conférence Internationale des Langues Minoritaires = Reversing language shift : 7th International Conference on Minority Languages. – 1. argit. = 1.ª ed. – Vitoria-Gasteiz : Eusko Jaur- laritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia = Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, 2002 or ; cm. + 1 CD-Rom ISBN 84-457-1932-7 1. Gutxiengo linguistikoak-Biltzarrak. I. Euskadi. Hizkuntza Politikarako Saiburuor- detza. II. Izenburua. 800.87(063) Argitaraldia: 1.a, 2002ko abendua Edición: 1.ª diciembre 2002 Ale-kopurua: 1.000 Tirada: 1.000 ejemplares © Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko Administrazioa Kultura Saila Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco Departamento de Cultura Internet: www.euskadi.net Argitaratzailea: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia Edita: Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco Donostia-San Sebastián, 1 - 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz Fotokonposaketa: Ipar, S. Coop. Fotocomposición: Particular de Zurbaran, 2-4 - 48007 Bilbao Inprimaketa: Grafo, S.A. Impresión: Avda. Cervantes, 51 - 48970 Basauri (Bizkaia) ISBN: 84-457-1932-7 LG/D.L.: BI - 1.046-03 AURKIBIDEA ÍNDICE SOMMAIRE INDEX HITZAURREA................................................................ 23 EGITARAUA ................................................................. 27 BATZORDE AKADEMIKOA ..................................................... 35 ANTOLAKETA BATZORDEA .................................................... 35 HITZALDIAK Zergatik da hain zaila galtzeko zorian dagoen hizkuntza iraunaraztea? Joshua A. Fishman ........................................................... 41 Hizkuntza ordezkatzeko ahalegina eta biziberritzeko politika Katalunian. Lluís Jou ................................................................... 59 Hizkuntza- plangintza eta biziberritzea: Galesko aukerez baliatzen. Colin H. Williams ........................................................... 95 Euskara: bizirik irautetik biziberritzera. Xabier Aizpurua ............................................................. 129 Frantsesaren iraunkortasuna Quebec-en ingelesa aurrean izanik. Jean Claude Corbeil .......................................................... 169 KOMUNIKAZIOAK Ukipen-hizkuntzek dituzten egoeren tipologia eta hizkuntza baztertuak biziberritzeko aukerak. Miquel Siguan............................................................... 187 Hizkuntza-eskubideak nazioarteko zuzenbidean: hizkuntza biziberritzeko tresna baliagarriak al dira? Robert Dunbar .............................................................. 197 Hizkuntza biziberritzeko saioei buruzko ikerketarako eredu teoriko berria: Katastrofeen teoria. Ernest Querol ............................................................... 225 Munduko hizkuntzei buruzko txostena. Patxi Juaristi ................................................................ 243 7 AURKIBIDEA / ÍNDICE / SOMMAIRE / INDEX Ofercat: katalanezko eskaintzaren adierazleak Santa Coloma de Gramenet-en. Albert Fabà, Pilar López, Noemí Ubach ......................................... 261 Gaelikoa Eskozian: plangintzarik gabeko «biziberritzea». Wilson McLeod ............................................................. 279 Etorkizuna aurreikusten 1999: nerabeak eta hizkuntza Euskal Herrian. Iñaki Martínez de Luna, Kontxesi Berrio-Otxoa, Jone Hernández, José Manuel Legarra, Erramun Baxok, Teresa Lekunberri, Nekane Larrañaga............................. 297 Euskararen Gizarte Erakundeen Kontseilua: esperientzia bat, gogoeta eta etorkizunerako zenbait ondorio. Xabier Mendiguren .......................................................... 317 Diglosia Alsazian: hizkuntzaren aldaketan eta hizkuntzaren biziberritzean bete duen papera. Alain Lauffenburger .......................................................... 329 POSTERRAK 1. Hizkuntzen bizitasuna Katalanaren bizitasunaren pertzepzioa: etorkizuna. M. Àngels Viladot, Howard Giles, Kim Noels.................................... 375 Bigarren hezkuntzaren garrantzia Carinthian (Austria) esloveniera biziberritzeko prozesuan. Tom Priestly ................................................................ 383 Ikastetxea hizkuntzaren gizarte-eragile. Patxi Saez, Miren Etxeberria ................................................... 393 Eremu urriko hizkuntzen ingeniaritza: garapenerako estrategia. Iñaki Alegría, Arantza Díaz de Ilarraza, Kepa Sarasola ............................. 405 Helduentzako hezkuntza hizkuntza biziberritzeko eragile gisa: Galesko esperientzia. Steve Morris ................................................................ 419 2. Hiztun herrien kasuak Gizarte-sareak eta hizkuntza espazioa Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan: gazte elebidunak euskararen
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