By ALICE PUSTER Pomona, California Overlooking golden hills Stand crumbling walls of sun baked clay. The timeless blast of torrid winds Has worn them to a grim decay. Here man and beast alike once toiled Sweating to make the desert pay; While the boiling sun looked down and laughed, Knowing it would have its way. Time marches on, and the desert trails That once filled men's hearts with dread. Now lined with relics of the past, Echo the beat of the tourist's tread.

OCOTILLO On Highway 80 By FRANK RAMSDELL Ocotillo, California I am sitting outside in the patio Just listening to the fall of the rain, Enjoying the odor of soaked greasewood, A perfume too delicate to name. In a few days the purple verbenas Will cover the mesa and dune Phacelia will bloom 'neath the ironwood All the desert with color will be strewn. When the sun drops behind the high mountains And its bright red reflects in the sky One forgets the sand and the cactus Just beauty alone meets the eye. We've had cloudy days and cool weather, A mixture of summer and fall, But this makes one feel it's good to be Death Valley through the ruins of the old Harmony Borax Works. here Photo by Alice Puster. And we love the lone place after all. • • • A DESERT DAY TWILIGHT ON THE MESA ENCHANTED HOMESTEAD By HORACE W. BROWNE By JAMES F. CONWAY By PAUL WILHELM Redding, California San Francisco, California Thousand Palms, California When I look upon the vastness of the The aging day is tiring and longs for night's My house—a shack under the stars and sun, sweet sleep, desert, My hope, clear water flowing past the door, Its sands rose-hued at the break of day, As softly o'er the sandhills mild evening That seeps in sand and stirs, when day is zephyrs creep; The sun stealing o'er the distant ranges, A segment of the crimson sun still tops the done, Seems to brush the shades of night mountain rim Cool blood of plants upon the desert floor. away— 1 hold the gold of date and grapefruit trees, The magic of it enthralls me. Then—lo, retreats, and out of hiding steal Two cows in pasture, green alfalfa rows, the shadows dim. Farm tools, and hives of desert honeybees; The sun reaching the zenith of the skies, But better still, I have the light that flows Turning glitt'ring sands to blinding glare, Hills exchange their purple robes for gowns Across the sand through curtained window Makes me forget the petty things in life; of darker hue. panes, Makes me realize that God is there— And skies forsake cerulean tints for deeper The sound of Little Jeff within the shack The glory of it inspires me. turquoise blue. As happy as the flowers when it rains— The gentle haze of twilight smooths con- Now Dell says, "There is nothing to take Yet, when the day has faded into night tours of the vale back— And the fragrance of verbena fills the air, And look! The moon climbs in the east— This heaven of a home, this land, our son—" I lift mine eyes to star-jewelled heavens; sober, pure and pale. And David, scanning from book in the rock, And from my humble heart there goes a Says, "Homesteading—God knows, it's hon- prayer— Majestic hills, long centuries old, white est won, For its silence rests me. monuments of sand Our daily bread, a son, this little shack—" Watch nights — with convict s'ealth they • • • come—advance upon the land. They see the days like painted maidens THE DESERT CALLING dance in endless line By BLANCHE HOUSTON GRAY 1* Some ashen gray and somber, some gay with youth's red wine. Garden Grove, California By TANYA SOUTH The sand of the desert is golden, Safely my life course I pursue, O silent ramparts of hard rock, what The sage has a silvery sheen; Safely I wend my way. strangers have passed by Many and varied the colors, Whatever comes, what I may do, Since first you were volcano born and Waiting there to be seen. Or haste, or make delay, thrust up to the sky. I dwell in spiritual power What travelers yet will pause here, as day Go in the early Springtime, And know all Fate as just. begins to fade, Go when the day is fair, God holds my soul each shining hour, To wonder just as I do—by whom was all Go when the flowers are blooming, And in Him is my trust. this made? Beauty awaits you there.

DESERT MAGAZINE DESERT CALENDAR July 1-31—"Moonlight in the Indian Country." Exhibit of 20 oil paint- ings of Navajo and Pueblo country by H. Arden Edwards. Southwest Museum, Highland Park, Los An- geles, California. July 3-5 — American Legion Rodeo, Cedar City, Utah. July 3-5 — La Mesilla Fiesta, Old Town section of Las Vegas, New Mexico. Volume 15 JULY, 1952 Number 7 July 3-6—Hopi Craftsman Exhibit. Museum, Flagstaff, Arizona. COVER Oak Creek Canyon, Arizona. By Hubert A. Lowman July 3-6—Ropers Club Rodeo, Cloud- of Covina, California croft, New Mexico. POETRY Death Valley Ruins and other poems .... 2 July 4 — Cimarron Rodeo, Cimar- ron, New Mexico. CALENDAR July events on the desert 3 July 4—Fourth of July celebration EXPERIENCE Life on the Desert, by CHARLES BATTYE . . . 4 at White Sands National Monu- ment, New Mexico. EXPLORATION Tribesmen of Santa Catarina July 4-5 — Round Valley Rodeo, By RANDALL HENDERSON 5 Springerville, Arizona. ART Hoke Denetsosie—Navaio Artist July 4-5—Rabbit Ear Roundup Ro- By EDGAR ELLINGER, JR 12 deo, Clayton, New Mexico. PAGEANTRY Death Valley Encampment announcement . 14 July 4-6—Reno Rodeo and Livestock Show, Reno, Nevada. NATURE The Story cf Flowers, by JERRY LAUDERMILK 16 July 4-6—Prescott Frontier Days and FIELD TRIP Agate Hunting Along the Gila Rodeo. Prescott, Arizona. By FENTON TAYLOR 20 July 4-6 — Desert Peaks Section, BOTANY They Like a Rocky Terrain, by MARY BEAL 22 Southern California and San Diego Chapters, Sierra Club, hike to PHOTOGRAPHY Pictures of the Month 23 White Mountain Peak, California. MINING Current news of desert mines 24 July 4-6 — All-Indian Pow-Wow, Flagstaff, Arizona. LOST MINE Lost Mine with the Iron Door July 4-14 — Sons of Utah Pioneers trek over old Donner and Oregon By JOHN D. MITCHELL 25 trails. From Salt Lake City, Utah. DESERT QUIZ A test of your desert knowledge 26 July 7-8—Spanish and Indian Fiesta, LETTERS Espanola, New Mexico. Comment from Desert's readers 27 FICTION July 10-12 — Ute Stampede, Nephi, Hard Rock Shorty of Death Valley 28 Utah. NEWS From here and there on the desert 29 July 10-13 — Rodeo de Santa Fe, CONTEST Santa Fe, New Mexico. Prize announcement for photographers ... 29 July 11—Dedication of Nevills Mem- CLOSE-UPS orial Plaque at Navajo Bridge. About those who write for Desert 35 LAPIDARY Marble Canyon, Arizona. Amateur Gem Cutter, by LELANDE QUICK . . 36 July 13-August 9—Exhibition of In- HOBBY dian Paintings, Arizona State Gems and Minerals 37 Teachers College, Flagstaff, Ari- COMMENT zona. Just Between You and Me, by the Editor ... 42 July 14—Annual Fiesta and Corn BOOKS Reviews of Southwestern literature 43 Dance, Cochiti Indian Pueblo, The Desert Magazine is published monthly by the Desert Press, Inc., Palm Desert, New Mexico. California. Re-entered as second class matter July 17, 1948, at the post office at Palm Desert, California, under the Act of March 3, 1S79. Title registered No. 358865 in U. S. Patent Office, July 22-25 — Spanish Fork Annual and contents copyrighted 1952 by the Desert Press, Inc. Permission to reproduce contents Rodeo, Spanish Fork, Utah. must be secured from the editor in writing. July 25 — Santiago Day at Taos RANDALL HENDERSON, Editor MARGARET GERKE, Associate Editor Pueblo, Taos, New Mexico. Corn BESS STACY, Business Manager MARTIN MORAN, Circulation Manager Dance. Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs submitted cannot be returned or acknowledged unless full return postage is enclosed. Desert Magazine assumes no responsibility for July 25-26—Spanish Colonial Fiesta, damage or loss of manuscripts or photographs although due care will be exercised. Sub- Taos, New Mexico. scribers should send notice of change of address by the first of the month preceding issue. SUBSCRIPTION RATES July 26—Santa Ana Day at Taos One Year $3.50 Two Years $8.00 Pueblo. Corn Dance. Taos, New Canadian Subscriptions 25c Extra, Foreign 50e Kxtra Mexico. Subscriptions to Army Personnel Outside U. S. A. Must Be Mailed in Conformity With P. O. D. Order No. 19687 Address Correspondence to Desert Magazine, Paint Desert, California

JULY, 1952 Here is a story of Indian gratitude, told by a man who spent many years in the lower valleys of the Colorado River. This story is one of the winning entries in Desert Magazine's Life-on-the-Desert con- Life on the Desert test in 1951. It originally appeared in the Needles By CHARLES BATTYE Nugget in 1940.

02/jlLLIAM HUTT and I were on the Colorado When all was over we turned silently away. Evening £/(/ River at a locality known as Chemehuevi Val- was now approaching, but the sun shone as brightly as ley which now lies beneath the waters of Lake ever. There was no diminution in the song of a mocking Havasu, behind Parker Dam. That river valley was the bird perched atop the tallest cane of a scarlet-flowered home of the Chemehuevi Indians. We knew a good ocotillo; the little wrens still flitted in and out of the many of those Indians, and when, on this occasion, we clumps of cholla cactus wherein they nested; and our were invited to go with a party of them on a desert trip burro, browsing contentedly on some bunches of galleta we gladly accepted. Two were old friends, Hikorum grass had, obviously, forgotten his recent unwelcome and Pah-Tsaou, and they could speak fair English. The load. Five humans alone were subdued and depressed. third Indian was an old man named Wee-Uss. He was One day during our return journey eastward to a kind of witch doctor and had great influence in the Chemehuevi Valley, Wee-Uss surprised us by telling his tribe. The fourth was a young fellow named Pah-gin-eo. two companions to remain in camp, meanwhile beckon- Neither of the latter knew any English. ing Hutt and me to follow him. Mystified, we did so. The Indians traveled light but we took a burro along, Silently he led us over the hills for several miles. Coming with some grub and a bit of bedding. to a halt in a shallow gulch he said, in halting Spanish, We were well out on the desert in a few days. The just three words: "Poco oro aqui." Indians hunted mountain sheep and picked up turtles We knew what that meant, all right. Oro was the for the pot. Hutt and I prospected. one thing we were always looking for. There were no signs in that vicinity of solid forma- One morning we two were delayed in getting off and the Indians were quite a distance ahead of us. When tion, such as would be capable of carrying mineral veins. we caught up with them they were standing helplessly It was a region of wash gravel, so we knew he must be around Pah-gin-eo who seemed to be in grave trouble. referring to placer gold. Somehow we never for a Our friends said he had been bitten by a rattlesnake moment doubted his word. On a high point we built a and none of them seemed to know what to do about it. monument for a landmark. This, together with our Well, neither did we, and Pah-gin-eo died within a few general knowledge of the country would, we knew, en- hours. able us to return to that spot. Then all three returned to camp. This was a tragic ending to our pleasure trip, and At an appropriate time we asked the two others why we wondered greatly what would happen next. the old man had shown us that place. They told us it The three Indians were having a long talk and it was because he felt kindly toward us for our actions and seemed to us there was not full agreement among them. help during the emergency. We asked Hikorum for information and he gave us So, after all, that old reactionary, steeped in super- plenty. We now learned that the dead youth was the stition and prejudice, hard as nails where the ethics of son of Wee-Uss, which was news to us. Also we learned his tribal beliefs were concerned, felt the same human that the old man was determined to cremate his son, emotions within his breast as are common to all man- which was against all the beliefs and traditions of the kind. His natural affection for his son prompted him to Chemehuevis, who believed in burial. Hikorum said respond, to the best of his ability, to what he considered Wee-Uss argued like this: It was not possible to take a kind act. the body back to the river; it was too long a distance. He Later we invited Hikorum and Pah-Tsaou to join us objected strenuously to placing his boy in a shallow in working that placer deposit, share and share alike. grave subject to future desecration by coyotes. Rather, But would they? Not under any consideration. They he would violate all tribal customs and place his son on said the old man had given us that place for ourselves a funeral pyre, the body to be disseminated in the pure alone and for them to participate in any way in the desert air. And his decision prevailed. proceeds thereof would mean their incurring his grave Well, a cremation meant lots of wood and there was displeasure. In fact, they put it much stronger than that. no wood in sight. Did the Indians know of any, we So in the course of time we worked out the ground our- asked? They did. So we unpacked our burro, covering selves with our gold pans and a home-made drywasher. our possessions with a piece of canvas weighted down We cleaned up a good many ounces of gold but nothing with rocks. Then we lashed the body on the protesting spectacular, and then ate up a substantial bill of grub burro. Wee-Uss looked on impassively, saying not a searching for more, but there was no more. So Wee-Uss word. Then our little procession struck out with our knew whereof he spoke when he said, "There is a burro and its gruesome load. little gold here." After considerable travel we dropped into a good- Before me, as I write, lies a man's tie stickpin, the sized wash where scattered mesquite and palo verde trees head of which is a gold nugget. It is only a small nugget, of fair size were available. The old man was silent and and its intrinsic value is negligible, but it is the only immobile. We four went to work gathering wood and material reminder of that eventful trip when six went it took us some time. out and only five returned, a trip of which I am now When the funeral pyre was complete the Indians laid sole survivor. the body on it and lit the fire. After that Wee-Uss The nugget was among the gold William Hutt and motioned all of us aside. Then he began a slow, monot- I recovered, the gold shown us by old Wee-Uss. onous chant, oft repeated. None of the rest of us said On our return to our home base at Needles I had a a word. We stood there and watched the flames con- pin soldered to it, and it has been in my possession ever sume all that was mortal of our late companion. since.

DESERT MAGAZINE Eugene Albdnes, a Diegueno Indian who married into Aries Adams, left, with Chief Juan Arvallo of the Santa the Pai-Pai tribe and has lived for many years at Santa Catarina Indians. Juan is a friendly, intelligent Pai-Pai. Catarina. Tribesmen of Santa Catarina After many revolts, the Indian tribesmen of Santa Catarina de los Yumas, in 1840 drove off the last of the padres and burned the mission As part of its new road building which had been established by the Dominican fathers in 1797. For more program, the territory of the Northern than a century these Indians have been referred to by historians as malo District of Baja California—to become hombres—bad men. But when a Desert Magazine party visited the Indian a state as soon as general elections are villages in April this year they found the natives friendly and honest. Here held — is constructing a fine paved is a story revealing many interesting glimpses of one of the most primitive highway parallel to the border, and Indian tribes in North America. extending from Tijuana near the Pa- By RANDALL HENDERSON cific coast through Mexicali to the Map by Norton Allen Colorado River. This road has all been completed except the 4000-foot grade NE LATE afternoon in April this The chief of the tribe was away, the that climbs to the top of the Sierra year I stopped my jeep in front old man told us, but we could camp Juarez on the desert side. of a thatched hut in a little vil- over by the rocks at the edge of the We followed this new paving west- lage near the lower end of the Sierra village and await his return. We ac- ward to the base of the range where Juarez range in Baja California 115 cepted the invitation—and during the there was a road-block, forcing us to miles south of the California border. next two days I became acquainted detour to the old Cantu grade, built An aged Indian in rags and patches with one of the most primitive Indian by a former governor of the territory came out of the low doorway. He tribes in North America—the Santa 40 years ago. The old Cantu roadway spoke a little English, but it was not Catarina de los Yumas. zigzags up the rocky wall with a necessary, for my companions, Aries We had left the Mexicali port of series of hairpin turns. During the two Adams, Bill Sherrill and Malcolm entry before sun-up that morning, and years the new grade has been under Huey all are rather fluent with Span- had spent most of the day following construction no maintenance work has ish. a tortuous road down the peninsula. been done on the old road and the

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DESERT MAGAZINE 12-mile climb is a nerve-racking ex- perience, even in a jeep. At the top of the grade we passed through the little settlement of Alaska, built in the '20s by Gen. Abelardo Rodriquez, then governor of the dis- trict, as a summer capitol. Two miles west of Alaska we left the Mexicali- Tijuana highway and followed the un- improved road which winds to the south across the plateau which is the top of the Sierra Juarez. Most of the way it is a 15-mile-an- hour road, but despite its crooks and sand and rocks it passes through a lovely mountain terrain covered with •mpppppp pinyon, Rhus ovata, manzanita and juniper. We passed through an old 1 placer field near La Milla and stopped briefly at a tungsten mine where the Tecate Mining and Milling company is working three shifts a day. We were gaining elevation as we traveled south and the pinyon timber changed to Ponderosa pine. At noon we came to Laguna Hanson, now full of water and one of the prettiest moun- tain lakes in the California sierra. Fringed with pines and great white granite boulders this idyllic lake, at an elevation of 5000 feet, is little known except to hunters who go in occasion- ally for ducks. In recent years the lake has been nearly dry, but this season's rains have filled it to over- flowing. Five miles beyond Laguna Hanson we passed through an old saw mill camp, now abandoned. Scores of buildings bore evidence of great activ- ity here at one time. It is surrounded by a fine stand of pines, but we were told that the Baja California market for lumber is too limited and trans- portation costs too high to make it a profitable operation. Beyond the lumber camp we began to lose elevation and within a few miles had passed out of the big timber and were rolling over hills covered with a dense growth of red shank— which also has an equally descriptive and prettier name—ribbonwood. At 115 miles from Mexicali the winding dirt road we were following joined the Ensenada-San Felipe road. There has been much talk in recent years that this road was to be paved —but it showed no evidence of im- provement. It is just a winding trail through the brush—a road that could be traveled with a conventional car, but it would be slow going, and dam- aging to a new paint job. Fourteen miles along this road Top—All the Santa Catarina men have horses, but there are no wheeled brought us to a conspicuous landmark vehicles in the village. —Pino Solo. This is a great lone Pon- Center—Most of the 90-odd tribesmen in the Santa Catarina villages live derosa pine tree standing out alone in in tulle-thatched huts. the bush country, many miles from Bottom—This cemetery, still used by the Indians, was established by the any other tree of its species. On one padres near their mission 155 years ago.

JULY, 1952 Santa Catarina Indian village to ped- dle his wares. From Alamo we headed across a rolling mesa to the old Santa Catarina mission, which was the goal of our trip. Aries visited the Indian village over a year ago. When he arrived in camp he found only women there, and was told the chief was away. While awaiting the jefe's return he drove up the hill to the old mission cemetery to take some pictures. He had been there only a short time when he heard a shout and turned to find four angry Indians coming toward him. They told him in no uncertain terms that picture- taking in the cemetery was taboo—at least not without the consent of the chief. Thanks to his fluent Spanish and a generous distribution of cigarets Aries was able to appease the Indians —after he had put his camera away. Later he met Juan Arvallo, the chief, and found him a highly intelligent and very courteous Indian. Before their visit ended Aries was invited to re- turn and bring his friends. It was in the acceptance of this invitation that the four of us made the journey to Santa Catarina. Aries Adams was not the first white man to clash with these Indians. Dur- ing much of the 155 years since the mission was built here, the natives in this area have been regarded as ladro- nes — robbers. There are less than 100 of them in the vicinity today, but in 1797 when the Dominican Frailes, Tomas Caldellon and Jose Llorente, established this last mission in the Dominican chain in Baja California, 1500 Santa Catarina tribesmen are re- ported to have lived in the area. Again and again the Indians re- volted against the control of the mis- sionaries. Finally, in 1840, they killed or drove away the last of them and burned what they could of the mis- Above—Children of the Santa Catarina tribe. The low adobe hut behind sion. It was never rebuilt, and today them is the tribal chicken house. its site is marked only by mounds of Below—Laguna Hanson is a lovely mountain lake surrounded by pines and earth and rocks. great white granite boulders. James O. Pattie, trapper and moun- tain man, came this way in 1827 on of the maps it is named Pino Grande. lode on the side of a nearby mountain a trek from the mouth of the Colorado There are no maps which show all and a mill was erected. The mill is River where his horses had been stolen the roads we followed. The Auto now closed, but some of the old-time by Cocopah Indians, to San Diego. Club of Southern California has the miners still work the claims for ore— Pattie was carried into the Indian camp best available map for travel purposes and bring out enough to buy their on a litter, due to a foot injury. The —but it does not show the Santa frijoles. priests were away at the time and the Catarina mission. The Arey-Jones During the boom days there were little detachment of Spanish soldiers map is best for historical place names between 300 and 400 Chinese labor- on duty there put him and his com- —but it is not an up-to-date road map. ers here,, and about 300 Mexicans. panions in the guard house for a week Aries in his big-tired Chevrolet ja- One of the two surviving stores is before permitting them to go on their lopy was leading the way. He had been way. over this route before. Just beyond owned by an aged Chinese who was Pino Solo he took the right fork, and here during the gold rush. When I More recently Arthur W. North, 12 miles later we arrived in the old asked his name he answered "Mike." explorer and author of Camp and mining camp of Alamo. Placer gold Mike Wah Kee has a little stock of Camino in Lower California, and The was found here in the 1880s, and in groceries and work clothes, and once Mother of California—both now out 1924 a prospector located the mother a month he drives 16 miles to the of print—visited the Santa Catarina DESERT MAGAZINE village in December, 1905. He and of the prehistoric Indians of Southern The men at Santa Catarina braid his companions were suspicious of the California. very fine cowhide riatas. The women Indians, and camped a few miles down Some of my friends who have been make carrying bags, woven like a the trail. During the night the Indians scrambling over the desert mountains small hammock, of agave fiber. These stampeded their stock and concealed for years seeking caves with old In- are slung over their backs and serve North's buckskin riding mule in a dian pottery, could save shoe leather many purposes in a community where thicket, with an armed guard. But the by going down to Santa Catarina where there are no wheels for transportation. North party had better arms than the they can buy all the ollas they want, I also discovered a utensil that was natives, and by brandishing their weap- of identical make, at from 10 to 20 new to me. It is a small netting bag, ons were able to recover the mule pesos each. A peso is now worth about gallon size, which the Indians without bloodshed. about 11 cents in U. S. coin. said they used to get the spines off of Despite the bad reputation which historians have given these Indians we had only the most friendly dealings Above—Aries Adams, Malcolm Huey and Bill Sherrill of the Santa Cata- with them. From three or four to a rina expedition. The ollas are being made by the Indians, as their ancestors dozen of the men and women were made them for many generations. The Yucca fiber net is a carrying bag— in our camp all the time we were at a useful tool in a remote village where there are no wheels. Santa Catarina. They had every op- portunity to pilfer small items of equip- Below—Ghost remains of the old mining camp at Alamo, where millions ment—but nothing was missing. in gold have been recovered in the last 75 years. At Aries' suggestion we had taken along some used clothing and extra groceries, and we did considerable trading with them—both barter and cash purchases—and in every instance they left it to us to place a value on the things they had to sell. «#. * «*• I asked Juan about their tribal names, and learned that their com- munity included Cocopahs, Dieguenos, Kaliwas and Pai-Pais—mostly the lat- ter. North and other writers refer to all the Indians grouped about the old mis- sion site as Santa Catarinas. But when I asked Juan if there were some In- dians of this name he did not seem to understand what I was talking about. My impression was that Santa Catarina was the name given by the padres to all the tribesmen in the area surrounding the Mission Santa Cata- rina de los Yumas—but that the In- dians themselves preferred to be known by their tribal names. All the Indians in the northern part of Baja California are believed to have belonged to the Yuman linguistic group, although the Indians we met at Santa Catarina do not in any sense regard themselves as Yumas. At the time Pattie passed through this region there was bitter enmity between the Cocopahs and the Pai-Pais. Today they pick cotton to- gether in the fields of the Colorado delta. There are two villages, the one where we camped near the old mis- sion site, and another known as San Miguel two miles away. Over the ridge 12 miles to the northeast in Agua Caliente Canyon is another little seg- ment of the tribe with Ramon Arvallo, brother of Juan, as chief. (Desert Mag- azine, July '51.) The Indians live in crude but well- kept thatched tulle and adobe huts. They are making and using the same kind of earthen pottery that archeolo- gists and pot-hunters find in the caves on the Colorado desert—the pottery

JULY, 1 952 tunas, or prickly pear cactus fruit, be- greatly simplified the problem of secur- destroyed section with a stone and fore eating them. (May Desert Maga- ing what pictures we wanted the next cement wall. A more recent storm cut zine cover.) day. The taboos were all forgotten— through the rebuilt dam, where the This fruit is very palatable, but the and we took several camera shots of old earth and stone wall joins the new tiny spines which grow on the skin their sacred cemetery. And it is a construction—and today the dam is make it difficult to handle. Ap- sacred place to these Indians. They useless. We made up a little fund with parently the Indians have solved this have built a strong barbed-wire fence which they could buy more cement. problem. The tunas were not ripe at around it, and the graves are well kept While we were inspecting the dam the time of our visit to Santa Catarina, and decorated with flowers and tinsel. one of the Indians asked us very seri- and I did not have the opportunity to Where they got the barbed wire and ously if we could tell them the name see how the bag serves as, a spine- tinsel I do not know. of a water monster which according to remover. I want to learn more about Next morning with Chief Juan and tribal legend came in periodically and this utensil and its use. three of the tribesmen we walked up devoured their ancestors. They even The Santa Catarinas have only a the hill to where the mission had been. showed us the great boulder where meager income — but they are fine Recently, the Indians, in searching for one of the tribesmen at some time in healthy-looking Indians. The men all clay for their pottery, had unearthed the prehistoric past had slain the have riding horses. They run a few a little kiln which they said had been dragon with a spear. cattle on the range, and do a little used for baking the bricks in the con- It was with genuine regret that we farming in the arroyos where there is struction of the mission. Also, they bade goodbye to these people. Their moisture. They roast mescal buds and thought it had been used for smelting ancestors may have been ladrones — gather seeds from some of the native ore from a legendary gold and lead but today they have virtues which we shrubs. Occasionally the men are mine a few miles away. like to find in our neighbors. There given work by Mexican cattle ranchers Judging from the dim outlines of are not many places in the civilized in that area, and in the fall many of the walls, marked today only by low world where the buyer sets the price the Indians ride 100 miles to the Colo- ridges of earth and scattered stones, on the merchandise he wants. rado delta and pick cotton for Mexican the mission quadrangle must have From Santa Catarina we continued farmers. been about 180 by 225 feet, with three south 11 miles to the Viejo ranch, The Mexican government estab- entrances and a belfry tower in one which as the name indicates, is one of lished a reservation about three miles corner. the early-day cattle camps in this re- square for these Indians — but they At the time North visited the site gion. It is operated by Mexicans, who range over the desert area for miles in 1905 the old mission bell was still share their range with the Indians. At without much regard for reservation there—housed in a little brush shack. Rancho Viejo we returned again to lines. At the San Miguel camp is a The Indians told us that a few years the Ensenada-San Felipe road. For school house—the only building on ago one of their members got drunk 30 miles we wound through pinyon, the reservation made with saw-mill and sold it to a man in Ensenada. juniper and shrubs of the Upper So- lumber. But there is no teacher. And A considerable part of the cemetery noran zone. Then through a narrow that is the only grievance we heard enclosure is unoccupied, the recent pass we looked down a thousand feet expressed while we were with these burials all being in one end. Time and on a lovely valley carpeted with green Indians. They want a teacher for their rain have levelled the remainder of — Valle Trinidad. At one time an children. The Navajo Indians in the the cemetery to a smooth sandy floor. American cattleman, Newt House, op- United States have a similar complaint. The Indians say that beneath the sand erated this ranch but it has now been When I asked Juan about their re- are the graves of the neophytes buried taken over by Mexican ranchers. The ligion he answered, "Maybe little bit here by the padres. Also, they believe floor of the valley, perhaps ten miles Catholic." The priests seldom visit there is an underground tomb in which long and four miles wide, was covered this remote village—the last time hav- are the remains of the priests who met with a lush growth of filaree, and we ing been two years ago. Whatever death here. saw a well-kept ranch house. It had may have been the faults of their an- the appearance of a prosperous outfit, cestors, I had the feeling that these But whatever lies beneath the sand and with such a range it should be, unschooled primitives, far removed and rocks in that little cemetery is despite the long rough road necessary from church and law, have worked well guarded—these Indians will tol- to get livestock out to market. out for themselves a code of religion erate no intrusion. We did not ask to go inside the enclosure, but with We dropped down a steep grade and of social and economic intercourse over a rock road to the floor of the which is serving them well. the consent of the chief took several pictures from an outcropping of huge valley and headed eastward toward Aries had a big treat for these In- granite boulders on one side. On this the Gulf of California, now about 50 dians. He had loaded a portable gen- outcrop I counted 48 grinding holes miles away. To reach the coastal plain erator in the back of his jalopy, and in one slab, and 19 in another. These the road goes through San Matias taken along a collapsible screen. After Indians still use stone on stone for Pass—between the southern end of the dinner he gave the Indians an outdoor grinding their meal, but they now have Sierra Juarez and the northern end of picture show—probably the first that portable metates in their huts. the San Pedro Martyrs, highest range had ever been presented at Santa Cata- on the peninsula of Baja California. rina. Many of the pictures shown were Below the cemetery is the little Somewhere up in the timbered country the 35 mm. Kodachromes taken on creek from which the padres got their above Valle Trinidad is the San Jose his previous visit to Santa Catarina. water. The creek runs dry during the ranch of Mr. and Mrs. Salvador Mel- It was a strange experience for these summer months, and the missionaries ing. {Desert Magazine, March '51.) Indians — to see the faces of their with the help of their neophytes built San Matias Pass provides a natural tribesmen on the picture screen. The an earth and stone dam to create a trade route through the great mountain men smiled and whispered among little reservoir. Part of the old dam barrier which forms the backbone of themselves. The women were less re- is still standing. A portion of it washed the upper peninsula — giving access strained. They laughed and chattered away in a cloudburst storm a few between the Pacific and the Gulf of in wonder and delight. years ago and the Indians obtained California. From the days of the pad- This picture program in the evening nine sacks of cement and replaced the res, travelers in this region all have

10 DESERT MAGAZINE S»* *",. *"* Entrance to the cemetery established by the Dominican A low ridge of adobe and a few scattered rocks are all frailes at Santa Catarina mission about 1797. No pho- that remain today to show where the Santa Catarina tographers are permitted to pass beyond this gate. mission in Baja California once stood. mentioned San Matias — and I was ued through the pass and out onto the comfortable lodging at $4.00 for one eager to see this historic pass. great dry lake which covers the floor person, $6.00 for two. Actually, it is a wide arroyo drain- of San Felipe Valley. Above us Three hours of easy driving brought ing Valle Trinidad — a luxurious towered the white granite peaks of the us back to our starting point at Mexi- botanical garden in which the plants San Pedro Martyr range—topped by cali—133 miles from San Felipe. Our of the Upper Sonoran zone meet those Picacho del Diablo, elevation 10,163 total distance for the round trip was of the Lower Sonoran. We camped feet. Desert lilies were in full bloom 445 miles, and that included between that night mid-way through the pass on the bajada approaching the lakebed. 30 and 40 miles of side trips. —a dry camp for there are no water- We rode across the lake at 40 miles We had traveled some good roads, holes along the arroyo. an hour — the fastest pace we had and some very bad roads, but the The elevation was 1800 feet, and driven since leaving the Mexicali-Ti- highlight of our trip were those hours the plants of the Upper Sonoran were juana road near Alaska. We stopped we spent with the Indians at Santa still with us—agave, Mojave yucca, for an hour and filled our canteens at Catarina. I have a great admiration jojoba, ephedra and bisnaga. But there the Rancho Santa Clara on the edge for the hardihood of those padres who were also shrubs of the Lower Sonoran of the lakebed, and then drove through went out into that wild country 155 — Palo Verde, Ironwood, creosote, a pass in the low coastal range that years ago and founded a mission there ocotillo — the two zones were over- parallels the Sea of Cortez—Gulf of to save the souls of the heathen abo- lapping at this point. Also, two of California. Just as we reached the lit- rigines of that region. Lower California's most striking bo- tle fishing village of San Felipe our During the 43 years the mission tanical specimens were here—Senita road joined the new paved highway was open it did not appear that the cactus and Elephant tree. that comes down from Mexicali. Dominican frailes made much prog- We cooked dinner that night on a American sportsmen have been go- ress in converting their savage neo- fire of dead Ironwood—the best of all ing to San Felipe in increasing num- phytes to the virtues of Christianity. desert woods for campfire purposes in bers since the paving was completed But perhaps the seed they sowed in my opinion. At least it is the easiest two years ago. The primitive village the hearts of those primitive natives to obtain when one is in the life zone of thatch and adobe huts is giving are just now bearing fruit. Sooner or where it grows. way to many modern improvements. later I want to go back to Santa Cata- Early the next morning we contin- Augie's Riviera Hotel now provides rina. I liked those people.

JULY, 1952 11 Ever since he was a small boy, Hoke Denetsosie has wanted to paint pictures de- picting the colorful way of life of his people, the Navajo. Now Hoke's work is gaining wide recognition, and he looks forward to the time when he can spend all working hours at his drawing board. HokeDenetsosie...Navaj o Artist By EDGAR ELLINGER, JR. Photographs by the author Many travelers to the South- HE INTRIGUING signature, him if he knew where I might reach Hoke Denetsosie (Hoak Din- the artist. Two days later a reply came west have bought cartoon post- 7 et-so'-sey), appears at the bot- from the postmaster: Hoke was in cards signed "Hoke Denetsosie." tom of many cartoon postcards sold town and an interview could be ar- throughout the Southwest. The car- ranged. The fact that he was available The name, as well as the draw- toons, skilfully drawn, illustrate gag was all that was necessary. I packed ing style, intrigued Edgar Ellin- situations relating to the West. Seeing the jeep and headed for Utah with the one, my curiosity was aroused, both feeling that there must be something ger, Jr., and he resolved to learn by the fascinating name of the artist more behind the artist than his facile and his interesting style—I wanted to ability to knock out cartoons. more about this Navajo cartoon- learn more about the man behind this I finally located Hoke not far from ist. Here is the story of an Indian pen. Kanab in the small town of Fredonia, Hearing that Hoke was living in Arizona. He was plastering a house artist whose serious paintings Kanab, Utah, I wrote to him asking for a friend and was living there while are among the best examples oi for an interview. Some time elapsed the work was in progress. He was without an answer, so I sent a letter frankly surprised at my desire to write native American art. to the Kanab postmaster and asked a story about him, although he was 12 DESERT MAGAZINE NAVAJO WEAVER, by Hoke Denetsosie, Indian artist.

JULY, 1952 13 very friendly and modestly willing to many wonderful things about the Na- are kept very secret, and yet there is a discuss his life. vajo. I want to do pictures about the prevalent feeling that some of the Hoke is a Navajo Indian 30 years Squaw and Fire Dances and really omens do not augur for the best." old. He is of average height, of slight portray the Yeibichai Dances in a way Hoke and I talked of many things wiry build. His eyes, a soft brown, that all may understand their true as he gradually unfolded the story of reveal a tolerant and understanding at- beauty and significance. his life. He was born in the Navajo titude toward his fellow man. One "My father is a medicine man, and country just east of the Grand Canyon. feels he possesses the cheerful yet sto- he is well informed about the religion His family's ranch lies in the wind- ical outlook on life characteristic of the and beliefs of the Indian. He often swept upland country of Northern Ari- Indian. asks me to tell him about the Bible, zona where the struggle for existence Hoke stopped plastering and invited for he feels that Christianity is very has always been hard. The energies me into the living room of the tiny close to the beliefs of the Indian, and of the entire family were concentrated house. that brotherly love and understanding in keeping body and soul together. "You know," he said, "ever since are the only hope for civilization. He They lived in a small hogan surrounded I was a small boy I have had the feel- also knows that all the devastating wars by sheep, cattle and horses. Hoke said ing that I wanted to paint and to ex- of our generation have been predicted that it seemed natural for him to sketch press to the outside world all of the by the Indians. The current predictions the animals he knew so well. Their movements were so familiar it was easy to put them on paper. When I asked if he had any of his work with him, he brought out a beautiful paint- ing done in tempera — a technique Ptoynam in which combines certain qualities of Following a meeting at Stove Pipe wood available for camps at the 4-day both water color and pastel. He was Wells hotel May 3 and 4, directors of program in November, and since ac- modest about it, in spite of a blue rib- the Death Valley 49ers announced commodations in Death Valley are bon indicating that the painting had that the dates of the annual encamp- limited, visitors will be urged to bring been awarded a first prize at the Ari- ment next fall will be November 8, 9, their bedrolls and camp out on the zona State Fair in Phoenix. 10 and 11. floor of the valley. Hoke has led the life of a nomad The fixing of these dates was in Ardis Walker, president of the and has pursued his career as an artist accordance with a general policy for 49ers, who presided at the Stove Pipe in any direction fate indicated. He has the future—the holding of the encamp- Wells meeting, said that after staging great patience and is philosophically ment annually in November on the three encampments, including the Cen- content with the knowledge that event- weekend nearest to Armistice Day tennial historical pageant staged in ually he will be able to devote most of which is always on November 11. It 1949, the organization has now "come his time to the perfection of his art. was felt that the December days on closer to the earth" and will seek in "I am more than willing to do any which the three previous encampments future years to encourage folk activities kind of work that is available for me," were held were too late in the season, which will have both a cultural and a he said earnestly. "I try to be artistic and that the November dates would recreational appeal to visitors. He and in every job I do, and if I am asked to provide more favorable weather for other leaders in the organization feel paint a sign or a billboard I do it to the campers who will be encouraged that this is the pattern for future en- the best of my ability with the idea of to attend the encampment. campments, and that they will be in- making it as attractive as possible." With four days available for the creasingly popular in the years ahead. This willingness to work hard and program this year, plans are being The group is planning for an estimated conscientiously is characteristic of the made for a more elaborate entertain- attendance of 10,000 at the 1952 en- young artist. His art reveals the careful ment than was held last year. campment program. workmanship of the technician. I re- Paul Palmer, chairman of the pro- • • • member well the murals which he gram committee, suggested that three CANYON'S NORTH MM painted in the Arizona Craftsman campfire programs be held, on Satur- OFFERS INTERESTING VIEWS building in Scottsdale. Unfortunately day, Sunday and Monday nights, and Most travelers to Arizona view the this building burned to the ground a that a breakfast be arranged for South- Grand Canyon from the South Rim; few months ago, and his work was de- western authors on Sunday morning, comparatively few visit the opposite stroyed with it. and for artists on Monday morning. side. Hoke had his first chance to show It was also proposed that the art ex- One of the most scenic viewpoints his artistic talents when he was sent hibit to be arranged by John Hilton of the North Rim is Toroweap Point, to a non-reservation school in Phoenix at Furnace Creek Inn be continued perched on the brink of the canyon after four years of preparatory work for a month. overlooking the Inner Gorge. The two at Tuba City. The natural aptitude One of the features planned for the walls come closer together here than which so many Indians possess came 1952 encampment will be motor tours at any other place in the entire canyon to the surface and was soon recognized. conducted by the Park Service on Sun- system. Hoke was asked to illustrate the "Little day and Monday to enable visitors to Toroweap Point is the end of a long Herder" series put out for the U. S. see the most interesting scenic and plateau which slopes southward from Government. The drawings portrayed historical places in the Death Valley Utah. Called Toroweap Valley, it actu- the Indian concept of Spring, Summer, Monument. ally is a level mesa formed by volcanic Fall and Winter and have been made Floyd Evans, in charge of the pho- debris spilling over from the North available to third and fourth grade tographic exhibit again this year, stated Rim. At the foot of the valley, west children throughout the country. that he planned to arrange for a com- of the point, is Toroweap Lava Cas- The interesting thing about Hoke's petitive showing of 35 mm. color cade, the incline where the molten lava work is that he has had no formal slides, and that two projectors will be from the erupting volcanoes poured training. His talents developed with a provided for this exhibition. over the rim to the Colorado River maximum of freedom, and his paintings The 49ers plan to have plenty of 3000 feet below.—Pick and Dop Stick. have none of the tightness which often

14 DESERT MAGAZINE NAVAJO TRAVELERS, by Hoke Denetsosie. Hoke's home, in the vast expanses of Navajoland, provides a perfect background for the bright coloring of Navajo costumes. is apparent in the work of art school and turquoise. Hoke worked hard and exhibited in Flagstaff at the Museum graduates. painted hard, and when the war was of Northern Arizoaa, and in Las Ve- With his determination to continue over he sought new scenes and fresh gas, Nevada. The U. S. Government in the art field, Hoke left Phoenix and experiences. selected him as one of five Indian went to Windowrock, Arizona, seat of Bright Angel Lodge at the Grand artists to tour the country as part of a the Navajo Tribal Council. He worked Canyon was his next stop. Here a job progressive educational program de- for the Navajo Central Agency and as bell boy provided livelihood and signed to acquaint the American people did process printing and silk screening also time in which to paint. He spent with the art work of the native Indian. for the Department of Education and all leisure hours improving his tech- Jonreed Lauritzen, author of Ar- the U. S. Government. He stayed nique. People began to notice his work. rows Into The Sun, and Song Before there until the start of the last war and He met Hamilton Warren, head of the Sunrise, is an admirer of Hoke's work. then returned to his family ranch to Verde Valley School near Sedona, Ari- In fact Lauritzen has asked the help with the chores. His brother had zona, and Warren commissioned him Navajo artist to illustrate a series of been drafted, but Hoke was unable to to illustrate the school catalogue. books he is preparing for juveniles. pass the physical examination. He de- Hoke then became a lumber-jack in Much of the writing and illustrating cided he could best serve his country the Kaibab forest. Next he moved up has already been completed, and sev- by helping with the sheep and cattle. into the Salt Lake City area where he eral samples of the art work have been The ranch is located in the desert worked in the Kennecott Copper Mines approved by the publishers. plains which stretch as far as the eye in Brigham Canyon. Later he settled Hoke possesses the wanderlust of a can see, interrupted only by flat topped in Kanab and became acquainted with typical Navajo and has traveled to outcroppings of rock and an occasional "Dude" Larson who gave him a com- many parts of the country. He has patch of stunted cedar. The forlorn mission to turn out 200 post card car- never married or settled down for long aspect of the setting is a perfect back- toons for the tourist market. in one spot. Someday this may change, ground against which to paint the During his many changes of work but at the moment he sees fit to use his Navajo, colorful in their dress, resplen- and locale Hoke never neglected his artistic talents in any place where they dent in hand-fashioned silver jewelry classic art. His paintings have been are wanted and appreciated.

JULY, 1952 15 In my home section of the PARTS OF A PEACH BLOSSOM middle west they called you "pe- culiar" if they caught you sketch- ing. This was a touchy point since with me drawing was simply doing what came natur- ally. It was a problem, but I had a solution. I could disguise my sketch book with a magazine cover. Later, I found that such trickery was not necessary in the far West. I had a special knack for drawing plants and like most folks I enjoyed flowers, but only 4-ANTHEK from across a sort of mental 2-STYLE 9-FILAMENT Grand Canyon. That is, I didn't 3-OVARY know them personally. To make Figure 1—An elementary lesson in botany. How to read a peach blossom; a closer acquaintance with flow- A—outside parts with names; B—cross-section; C—pistil; D—one of ers, their private lives, family stamens. histories etc., I had to come to Arizona. The Story of Flowers

By JERRY LAUDERMILK Sketches by the author records of dramatic moments in the Like most folks my idea of a flower career of a yucca, his expression was something showy with a complete showed that I had an appreciative set of sepals, petals, stamens etc., like T WAS late spring in Wickenburg critic. We became acquainted and the a peach blossom. Here, if you read and Nature's annual flower show result was that we overhauled the his- your flower from outside inward you'll along the Hassayampa was su- tory of the plant world until Bob closed notice first five little greenish or red- perb. An army of cactus, yucca, oco- up for the night. dish leaf-like objects, the sepals. These tillo and dozens of other plants whose form the calyx, a base for the five pink names I don't know seemed about to This man knew plants from the ground up. He traced their ascent petals. Inside the cup made by the take the town. In fact, a yucca that petals are several pink objects about grew back of Bob Coolidge's quick- from the first green scum of the Ar- cheozoic seas to the present. It was half an inch long that look something lunch restaurant became one of the like tiny golf clubs. These are the main actors in this story. a panorama that made me groggy. I saw certain plants rise to power and stamens, their club-shaped tips are the How this yucca came to be there in dominate the scene for millions of anthers — the organs that make the the first place was anybody's guess— years and then resign in favor of more pollen. Push the stamens aside and maybe someone planted it years before. up-to-date types. First the marine al- right in the center you notice a single, Anyway, Bob and I waited with im- gae tip-toed out of the sea and staked pale green, thread-like object with an patience while the plant prepared to their claims in the swampy line be- expanded tip. This is the pistil, the celebrate the high point of its career tween high and low water. Ages later, green tip is the stigma. The pistil is with a grand demonstration. Some- some settled down to a life farther the heart of the blossom. At its base, thing great was about to happen in ashore but they had not forgotten their down inside, is the ovary with the egg- the cluster of dagger-pointed leaves. sea-going ancestors. These were little cell which, when fertilized by the pol- Then one morning the flower stalk plants less than two feet high but with len will produce an embryonic peach began to shoot up like some sort of big names, Rhynia Gwinne-Vaughani tree. slowed-down green fireworks. With a and Hornea Lignieri. Ages later came But flowers don't have to be as elab- rush came the buds and then the mir- the ferns and fern-like trees and plants acle. It was majestic. orate as this. Flower architecture fol- with no living descendants, the Sphe- lows many styles. Some like the wind- I did everything I could to make nophylls. Giant rushes and clubmosses flower or Anemone have no petals. the show a success. I raked up the appeared and as geologic time plodded Others like the flowers of Yerba litter of rusty cans and chopped out slowly on, curious seed-bearing ferns Mansa show practically nothing but some frowzy tree-tobacco that struck opened up a new age, the age of trees a false note, like hoboes in an art bare stamens and pistils. The female with cones like our pines and firs, the flower of the castor bean is stream- gallery. I sketched the blossoms from Gymnosperms had arrived. every angle including close-ups of the lined down to a simple three-sided flowers and buds. I was proud of my All the plants of that fantastic past capsule tufted by three tiny red plumes drawings. made up an organization where the —you could hardly eliminate anything Then one evening my sketch book lower forms perpetuated their species more and still call it a flower. This fell into the hands of an individual by means of spores, tiny dust-like par- variety of floral design includes every- with the look of weather-beaten intel- ticles capable of reproduction. Among thing from such bold and simple com- ligence you see on the faces of engi- the higher brackets continuity was by positions as those in the yucca flower neers and other outdoor workers who way of seeds, but seeds still in the ex- to complicated gadgets with trapdoors, follow a hard but interesting line. perimental stage. For millions of years trick platforms that suddenly let go While the U. S, Forest Service man— there was not a flower on the face of and spill off unwanted visitors—and, since that's what he was—scanned my the earth. believe it or not a set of handlebars.

16 DESERT MAGAZINE You can find all this in the flower of the common white sage, Salvia apiana. Well, after you have once become acquainted with flowers and some of their secrets, it's only natural to want to know how they came to be here in the first place. Most botanists in- cline toward the classic theory that a flower is a modified branch with whorls of specialized leaves crowded together in a definite order at the end of par- ticular stems. Several facts go to sup- port this view. For instance, the petals of the common prickly pear grade smoothly into sepals and it is practic- ally impossible to tell where petals leave off and sepals begin. Others like Indian Paintbrush, Castelleja, show continuous grading from sepals to green leaves like the foliage of the stem. The fact that stamens in their turn can grade into petals is shown by Blazing Star, Mentzelia, where the inner set of stamens are honest, straight-forward stamens, but with progression outward they become flat- ter and flatter, lose their anthers and finally become actual petals. This evidence for continuous tran- sition of stamens to petals, petals to sepals and from sepals to ordinary leaves looks so critic-proof that it's no shock when it is suggested that the modern flower evolved from the spore bearing leaves of some remote ancestor. It is assumed that the leaves of this flower-primeval grew like overlapping scales around a central stalk and formed a structure something like a pine cone. Some scales are supposed to have produced the pollen and some the egg-cells. According to this theory, the stalk of this cone or strobile grew shorter and shorter. The lower scales became sterile and turned to petals while some Fig. 2—Present-day blossom showing steps toward complete flower. No. 1 of the inner ones became elongated —catkin of the male willow; A—single staminate flower. No. 2—catkin and changed to stamens. The center of female willow; B—single pistillate flower. In willows the sexes occur in circle of scales grew together at the different plants. No. 3—flowers of alder, sexes are on adjoining stems; C— edges to complete the rough sketch male flowers; D—female. No. 4—flower shoot of castor bean, both sexes of a modern flower with seeds enclosed on same shoot; E—male flowers; F—female; G—single male flower en- in a special capsule. larged; H—anthers; I—female flower, simply a capsule; J—style. No. 5— single perfect but incomplete flower of Lizard's tail, a plant closely related So far, the most that fossil plants to Yerba Mansa; K—pistil; L—stamens. No. 6—perfect and complete have shown to uphold this view is that flower of geranium with all floral parts. the extinct Lepidodendron tree of Car- boniferous time had cones that bore egg-cells in the upper scales and pollen From a study of a long series of cases were simply the swollen ends of in the lower. Unfortunately, this tree fossil plants including the more recent the stems. Still later, some plants de- is not an ancestor of any of our pres- discoveries, Dr. Thomas suggests a veloped special spore cases grown to- ent day flowering plants. new possible lineage for our flowering gether in pairs and the whole arrange- ment supported by the flattened end of This classic theory of flower origin plants or angiosperms. the stem. These types had now reached from a strobile or conelet stood up The first land plants were simple a point where they bear comparison well for a long time. But in recent types like Rhynia and a more recent with male flowers of some modern years it has been pawed over by paleo- discovery from Australia called Barag- species. botanists loaded with new information. wanathia. These reproduced by means These early plants may have favored A rigorous cross-examiner is Dr. Ham- of spores and were so simple in con- the "two household" or dioecious way shaw Thomas of Cambridge Univer- struction you might call them unfin- of life, pollen being produced on one sity who points out some flaws in the ished. The spores were not developed set of plants and seeds on another, an old theory that need explanation. in any special organ since the spore- arrangement still favored by the wil-

JULY, 1952 17 Fig. 3—Early Devonian landscape with first land plants. Fig. 4—Later Devonian plants. From left to right: Ale- From left to right: Rhynia, Psilophyton, Baragwa- thopteris, Calamophyton, young frond of a seed-fern, nathia, Asteroxylon, and Hornea. These were all Eospermatopteris an early seed-fern the size of a small, less than two feet high, reproduction was by small tree. Archaeosigillaria a giant clubmoss grows way of spores, all bore stamp of their marine ances- on land spit in middle distance, the trunk with scars tors. They lived in marshy inlets near the sea. Climate at right is the same tree after it has shed its lower was warm all over the earth. About 375 million leaf-scales. Climate appears to have been warm and years ago. semi-arid. 345 million years ago. lows and poplars, where some trees the bottom and the female flowers at 360 million years ago. These seeds, are male and some female. Some of the top. The next step is still shorter about the size of hazel nuts, grew at the extinct types called Cordaites modi- and results in the so-called perfect the ends of special branches. Since fied this system so that pollen and flower. This can be a very simple set- seeds are developed from ovules this ovules were produced on the same up with bare stamens and pistils close means that ovules also grew at the plant but on separate branches, a sys- together like the flowers of Yerba branch tips. Now, some later species tem still popular with the oaks and Mansa. of seed-ferns show a modification of alders. It is only a short step from this The rough idea of the modern the branch tip with the ovules partly scheme to one found among members flowering plant seed was illustrated by enveloped by a cup-shaped outgrowth of the spurge family, castor beans for the seed-ferns. These were plants with from the stalk, this is called a cupule. instance, where both male and female fern-like habits but which reproduced Still later, some millions of years later, flowers occur close together on the by means of seeds. This was far back other plants improved upon the cupule same shoot with the male flowers at in the Carboniferous period, around so that it enclosed the ovules entirely

Fig. 6—Scene in Texas during the Permian period. Co- Fig. 5—A Carboniferous swamp. Left to right: Cala- niferous trees are Ullmannia with cones at left, mites or horsetail rushes of tree-size grow on low Auricarioxylon in foreground; other conifers related ground, fern-like plant is Lyginopteris, trees with to star-pines and monkey-puzzle grow in a thin stand tufts like gigantic bottle brushes are Sigillaria. Large on the bare soil in the middle distance, small plants tree at right foreground with rows of scars is Lepido- are Sphenophyllum and ferns. The lizard-like rep- dendron. Tree with smooth trunk and yucca-like tile with crest is Dimetrodon, beyond are Diasparac- leaves is a Cordaite. Fronds of an early fern hang tus zenos and Limnoscelis paludis. The background into picture at lower right. Climate seems to have of bad-lands and dust-filled sky were typical of the been mild to warm and moist. 270 million years ago. period. Climate was dry-temperate to cold. 225 million years ago.

18 DESERT MAGAZINE Fig. 7 — Somewhere in Arizona during the Triassic Fig. 8—A quiet bay somewhere in Kansas during the period. In middle distance grow conifers related to Jurassic period. Upper left, a branch of Ginkgo or redwood and sequoias; slender tree with yucca-like maidenhair tree dangles into the picture. Cycad-like leaves is a later Cordaite. Fern-like plant is Neurop- plants including the curiously branched Williamsoni- teridium. In middle foreground are palmate leaves of ella fill the foreground. In the middle distance lizard- Clathopteris and Laccopteris types related to the like water reptiles Plesiosaurs bask on a rocky land- ferns, others are two cycads and a giant, broad-leaved spit near a stand of conifers. Climate was cool-tem- fern Macrotaeniopteris. Reptile is an early pre-dino- perate to warm and seasons had begun. 150 million saur. Climate was warm, dry and temperate. 180 years ago. million years ago.

and the only contact between the ovule numbers. The great success and sud- rise may be due to the fact that we and the outside world was by way of den rise to power of the flowering lack important information since en- the pore left at the tip of the fused plants is one of the most remarkable tire chapters are still missing from the cupules. So here we see plants with a events in historical geology. These flower story, and living flowers fail to good many of the essentials for quali- early flowers are all related to families reveal information on this point. So, fications as flowering plants already in still living, mostly the buttercups, water all our flower acquaintances from the development as far back as the Car- lilies and magnolias. This suggests that most unassuming violet to the regal the buttercup plan is probably the yucca blossom are what your intuition boniferous period. antique flower pattern. In any case, may have whispered to you all along The first true flowering plants are flower fossils so far discovered seem — mysterious characters with many found in the lower Cretaceous period, to throw no new light on flower an- dark and unsolved secrets in their or 140 million years ago in rough cestory. What looks like their abrupt background.

Fig. 9—Landscape of Cretaceous period with earliest Fig. 10—Eocene landscape in Utah. Plants are familiar true flowers (angiosperms): Upper right Lirioden- types. Upper left, Liquidambar (sweet gum), Lygo- dron, (tulip tree), Alnus (alder); Lower left, Salix dium (climbing fern); Lower left Hibiscus; Middle (willow), a modern type of Cycad (sago palm), Nym- foreground, Aralia (ginseng) and Syringa (lilac). In phaea (water lily), Laurus (laurel); Upper right, lower right hand corner is an early prickly pear Magnolia. In middle distance two herbivorous dino- Eopuntia douglassii (1944). Frond of a cycad at saurs browse on leaves of a cycamore, a third in right. Upper right corner, Cassia. In middle dis- midstream, feeds on water plants from the bottom. tance three early horses, Eohippi pass beneath a Climate was warm-temperate to sub tropical. 120 palmetto. Climate about like that of Louisiana. million years ago. About 60 million years ago.

JULY, 1952 19 GLOBE, 26 MILES

SAFFORD 63 MILES

Not to Scah

"A rock collector's paradise," Fenton Taylor calls this agate Agate Hunting location just below Coolidge Dam on Arizona's Gila River. Hunting in the lovely canyon dell beside a river abounding in bass, carp, perch and catfish, Along the Gila members of three Arizona miner- alogical societies collected gem quality material on a joint field By FENTON TAYLOR day last March. Here is one of Photographs by the Author those rare collecting sites — a Map by Norton Allen mineral-rich area easily acces- sible by paved highway. ESCRIBING THE canyon dell Last March this secluded but easily- immediately below Coolidge dam accessible valley of the Gila River was on the Gila River in Arizona, a selected for a joint field trip for mem- proximately 120,000 acres of fertile rock collector said, "It is the only bers of the Mineralogical Society of land in the Casa Grande Valley. place I know in the Southwest desert Arizona, Maricopa Lapidary Society Beneath the waters of the lake is where you can pick up gem quality and the Gila Valley Gem and Mineral the location from which the Apache agate with one hand and catch fish Society. Eighty-nine members of the renegade Geronimo once led many of with the other." three groups spent the day picnicking his raids. The place later became the This description sounded like a and collecting specimens. headquarters of the San Carlos Indian corner of paradise reserved for the Protected by steep canyon walls, the agency. Here too, is the ancient In- rockhounds. Being a zealous collector area is reached from Highway 70, the dian burial ground which became a of quartz family minerals, I visited the paved trans-Arizona route which highly controversial topic during the days when the project was being location without delay and was con- crosses the Coolidge dam 105 miles planned. vinced that except for obvious exag- west of the Arizona-New Mexico line. geration my friend was right. Good The highway generally follows the The Indians contended that the cre- ation of the lake would inundate the agate can be found in nearly every course of the historical Gila River, graves, and thus would be a violation direction, and bass, perch, catfish and which was an international boundary carp abound in the river. of their treaty rights. They refused after the Mexican war until the Gads- to consider a proposal that the bodies Saguaro, cholla, pear and other den Purchase in 1853 placed it en- cactus species are scattered over the be removed to a new cemetery. tirely in the United States. encircling hills. It is truly a desert After much discussion the tribal land—where you must bring your own Above the dam, San Carlos lake council approved a proposal that a drinking water unless you are one of this year contains more water than it concrete blanket be poured over the the few who find the brackish river has for many seasons. From this entire cemetery, a project which the water palatable. reservoir irrigation canals serve ap- Reclamation Bureau carried out at a

20 DESERT MAGAZINE cost of $11,000. Occasionally, in drouth years, the water level in the lake lowers to the point where the great concrete slab is visible. Before the reservoir began filling, buildings, pipes, water tanks—anything worth salvaging in the old San Carlos settlement—were sold and removed. Retaining its name, the Indian agency was moved to the site of the Indian school at Rice, where the new town of San Carlos was built. Completed in October, 1928, the dam was not dedicated until March 4, 1930, when former President Cool- idge visited the irrigation monument to his name and delivered the dedica- tion address. Will Rogers was on the dedication program. Noting the heavy growth of algae on the newly created lake and the thick grass at the water's edge, he joked, "If this were my lake I'd mow it. I'd like to have the first cut- ting of hay here." Triple-domed Coolidge Dam, first and largest of this type of structure, im- There was no hay to harvest the pounds water of the Gila River for irrigation in the Casa Grande Valley. day of our field trip, and by the time Immediately below the dam and on the hills in the background is the agate we completed our study of the dam location described in the story. and lake, Charles E. Van Hook of Mesa, field trip chairman of the min- as is often the case, we found some els, specimens that were distinctly eralogical society, was placing his acceptable specimens. characteristic of the Stanley Butte dis- stake-and-arrow markers to designate Climbing to the top of the ridge, we trict about 12 miles southeast of the the turnoff. Rex Layton, head of the could see the river looping eastward dam. Gila Valley club, was issuing direc- around a small butte, flowing between When we returned to the camp we tions to parking and hunting areas. steep bluffs and returning westward were deligkted to see Arthur L. Flagg, The arrows pointed to the dugway until it almost completed a circle. Five outstanding Arizona mineralogist. Au- road turning south from the highway wild ducks flew over us in search of thor of the book, Arizona Rockhounds at the west end of the dam. Blasted a private swimming place. and Arizona Minerals, Flagg fostered into precipitous walls, the road is nar- This region along the bend, we the Arizona Mineralogical Society, row but in good repair, and the descent learned when we talked with others first of its kind in the state, and served into the canyon takes only a few min- at lunchtime, is one of the best. Some- as its president for many years. He utes. one had pried out a large chunk of also was instrumental in the organiza- tion of the Rocky Mountain Federa- We drove down into the dell. Green red moss agate on which was a yellow plate of native copper the size of a tion of Mineralogical Societies and grass softened the dark brown tones served as president of this group. of the hills, and wildflowers were just nickel. Much of the Coolidge Dam beginning their spring display. Water agate contains free copper. One lapi- Through his efforts, the mineral ex- roared down the river on its way to dary cut some cabochons in which hibit at the annual Arizona State Fair the farming regions around Casa the native metal gave design and has become an outstanding part of the Grande and Coolidge. beauty to the polished stones. program. Now working for the State In the same general area another Department of Mineral Resources, he We crossed the narrow, wooden collector discovered some excellent counsels small mine operators, touring bridge, went through the gate and con- quartz crystals, some with pale ame- the state to give generously of his tinued to the old gravel works by the thyst points, others showing tiny dark friendly advice. He also spends much east canyon wall. Here was the only inclusions. time working for the organization of parking area with room for all our On my first trip here, I concentrated junior mineral clubs for school chil- cars. on the steep slopes and gullies west of dren of the state. Everyone was anxious to begin the river. Widely scattered among the To climax the day, the fossil hun- hunting. Shouldering specimen sacks heaps of boulders were many big ters reported great success. From the and gripping rock hammers, the rock- blocks of red and white agate—just limestone strata southeast of our loca- hounds soon were crawling over or the thing for fine bookends—awaiting tion, they returned with gray rock under the barbed wire that enclosed the collector who can devise a way to slabs bearing plant, animal and marine the area. Up the hill they went, search- pack them out. fossils. Plant remains included stems, ing, scratching the earth, picking up Lines of vein agate can be found leaves and seed pods and made very rocks, weighing, digging, hammering on the surface, but it usually takes interesting specimens. and test-licking specimens. digging to obtain good material. Gray After viewing the lake, the dam, We all walked to the south, but my fortification agates weather out of the the agate specimens, the mineral speci- group stayed closer to the river than brown rhyolite rock in this vicinity, mens and the fossil remains, I remem- the others. Broken pieces of crystal- and other collectors have found plume bered the first description I'd heard of line quartz and occasional fragments agate occasionally. the dell. And I agreed—this Coolidge of agate told us we were following a I noted a few scattered pieces of Dam area was indeed a rockhound's previous collector's route. Even so, andradite garnet among the river grav- paradise.

JULY, 1952 21 juicy leaves retain moisture for a long time and keep the plant alive under adverse conditions. Dr. Frederick Co- ville in his Botany of the Death Valley Expedition, issued in 1893, reported that specimens of this Echeveria col- lected in the Panamint Mountains, when examined 15 months after the dates of collection, still bore fresh leaves that had formed while the plant was drying. Two of my own specimens displayed that remarkable tenacity of life by developing new leaves after months in my flower press and longer yet in the herbarium boxes. The Desert Savior grows in delight- ful abundance at altitudes of 3000 to 6000 feet in the Old Dad and Provi- dence Mountains of the eastern Mojave Desert, the Panamints and the desert ranges of the northern border of the Colorado Desert. Some botanists also list the Desert Savior for Arizona, which could refer to a closely-related species common in central Arizona, Live-Forever (Echeveria saxosa) growing from a rock crevice in the Provi- Echeveria collomae. This is usually a dence Mountains. larger plant, both in flowers and ros- ettes. The bright red calyx and clear yellow corolla make it a very decora- botany trips up the canyons and slopes tive plant and a desirable addition to of the Providence Mountains, I have cultivated gardens. pulled a leaf or two from an Echeveria They Like rosette to chew and hold on my tongue Echeveria Arizonica is found in to relieve the dryness in my thirsty western Arizona on cliffs up to 2500 mouth. feet. Its ovate-lanceolate leaves are abruptly pointed and the corollas deep- The desert species most often en- red to apricot-yellow. a Rocky countered is generally known by the Echeveria lanceolata is rather rare common name, Desert Savior. Botan- on the desert in general but fairly com- ically it bears the label Echeveria sax- mon in a few chosen localities of the osa (Echeveria lanceolata var. saxosa), western Colorado Desert. The leaves and is classed also by some botanists Terrain are lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate up as Cotyledon or Dudleya. But what- to 4 inches long, veiled with a notice- ever the scientific nomenclature of the able bloom. The stout flower stems genus, Live-Forever is the name agreed By MARY BEAL are 6 to 15 inches high, the corolla upon for everyday usage. reddish-orange and calyx greenish. I GARDENS are the delight The Desert Savior has a conspicu- once found an alluring natural garden of many home gardeners, and ous pale gray-green rosette of thick, of it in Whitewater Wash. most such hobbyists choose to fleshy, erect leaves, 2 to 4 inches long, • • • plant succulents among their rock usually lanceolate in outline and taper- AMATEUR BOTANIST FINDS specimens. These plants grow well in ing to a long point. The young inner NAME SYSTEM CONFUSING coarse, rocky soil, and the coloring of leaves are veiled with a pronounced To most wildflower enthusiasts, the their fleshy leaves and stems pleasantly bloom, which wears off with age. loose application of common names is harmonizes with natural rock forms. From this tufted cluster the flower a confusing annoyance. Most of the The Orpine or Stonecrop family sup- stems rise, 6 to 15 inches high, branch- more familiar plants have more than plies a good number of these garden ing above into a flat-topped cyme. The one common name; in the South- treasures. Most species are foreign to small widely-spaced stem leaves are west many single varieties are desig- the United States, many of them or- bract-like, sharply pointed, with a nated in English, Spanish and one or iginating in South Africa, but rock broad clasping base. The yellow tubu- more Indian languages. gardeners are learning that several at- lar corolla, emerging from the red ca- In an effort to avoid confusion and tractive succulents are native to the lyx, and the pale herbage form an to establish a uniform method of nom- American southwest. Of these, the exquisite color pattern against the enclature, botanists have developed a desert fosters some of the most orna- rocks. I know several rocky slopes and system using descriptive Latin names. mental varieties; others are found on canyons in the Providence Mountains But these are usually too technical for bluffs along the seacoast and in foot- adorned by a bountiful array of these the layman. hill and mountain areas. eye-catching succulents. On one easily Natt N. Dodge, in Flowers of the Several species have a record of accessible steep slope the Desert Savior Southwest Deserts urges flower lovers: utility as well as beauty. The Indians dominates as fascinating a rock gar- "Be serious about plant names—but used the young leaves as food and for den as any landscape architect could not too serious. The visitor to the soothing poultices. Those same fleshy design. desert who has a normal pleasure in leaves allay thirst, as I can verify by Even when rain has been scanty nature is interested in flowers because experience. More than once on all-day you'll find these Live-Forevers. The of their beauty, not their names."

22 DESERT MAGAZINE MM

Pictures of The Month

This quizzical little fellow is a varie- gated ground gecko or banded gecko lizard. Richard Randall of Tucson, Ari- zona, was awarded first prize in the Desert Magazine photo contest for this portrait study, taken with a 4x5 Graphic View camera, Super XX film, 1/10,000 second at f32.

Along Highway 395, three miles east of Ridgecrest, California, E. Graham Westmorland of China Lake spotted a beavertail cactus in bloom. Using a Speed Graphic camera, Super XX film, 1/25 second at f32, Westmorland took this picture and with it won second prize in the May photo contest.

JULY, 1952 Battle Mountain, Nevada . . . Early development of the Nubian turquoise mine in Klondike, Nye county, is planned by Norman L. Heikes of San Francisco and Burton Riggs. The Nubian is said to contain a rare occurrence of gem-quality tur- quoise in which the deep blue of the Goldfield, Nevada . . . Trona, California . . . stone lies in a black matrix of silver Goldfield Consolidated Mining Com- While serving with the Marine Corps ore. The property was discovered in pany has disposed of all its shares in in the Barstow, California, area, Ge- 1924 and has been worked intermit- the Goldfield Deep Mines Company, ologist Eugene Lawrence spent spare tently since that time.—Battle Moun- it was disclosed in the firm's annual hours prospecting on the desert. Now tain Scout. report to stockholders. At one time his exploration has paid off with a • • • Consolidated held well over a million tungsten mine 26 miles southeast of Indio, California . . . shares of Deep Mines. The company Trona. He has three men assisting in As part of the $65,000,000 expan- never played an active role in the the operation of the mine, which he sion program that will increase Kaiser Goldfield Deep Mines operation, al- has named the White Dollar.—Mining Steel Corporation's pig iron output by though some of its ground was ex- Record. 50 percent and raise steel ingot pro- plored as part of a Deep Mines pro- • • • duction by more than 11 percent, ore gram.—Tonopah Times-Bonanzja. Tonopah, Nevada . . . mining at Eagle Mountain, 75 miles • • • Historic Smoky Valley, adjacent to east of Indio, will be stepped up. Pioche, Nevada . . . the Round Mountain gold district and After major additions to the mining, Ferro manganese will be produced 70 miles north of Tonopah, is the housing, ore crushing and separation from the Combined Metals Company scene of active tungsten exploration. facilities at the mine, it is expected mines at Pioche for use by the Pioche Warfield, Inc., is developing a schee- production will increase 50 percent.— Manganese Company in its operation lite deposit on the Tungsten View Date Palm. at the Basic Magnesium plant in Hen- claim of the Meyers-Thomas property; • • • derson, Nevada. Furnaces for smelt- Newmont Mining Corporation has Benson, Arizona . . . ing the ore are being installed, and started exploration work on a group A new mill for the processing of future plans call for construction of of claims in Ophir Canyon, and num- fluorspar ore will be constructed at a smelter, possibly of lead and zinc erous prospectors and small operators Benson "in the very near future," ac- ores. Whether the establishment of are active in the region.—Pioche Rec- cording to Morris Albertoli of Owens the processing unit at Henderson will ord. Valley, California, representative of have capacity to accept and treat man- • • • the Lone Star Mining Company. Flu- ganese ores from the northern part of Reno, Nevada . . . orspar ore is being stockpiled at the the state has not yet been deter- Although selection of a site has not company's Lone Star Mine, in the mined. It is believed that the Pioche yet been made, Kaiser Corporation has foothills of the Whetstone Mountain mines will be able to supply enough announced it will build a new Nevada range six miles west of the Apache ores to reach capacity.—Caliente Her- mill to process fluorspar, a critical powder plant, for processing at the ald. mineral in the production of alumi- contemplated mill.—San Pedro Valley • • • num metal. Some of the fluorspar will News. Wendeii, Arizona . . . come from the recently-acquired Bax- • • • ter Mine near Gabbs, the announce- General Services Administration will Shiprock, New Mexico . . . establish a manganese ore collection ment said, but the mill will be of suffi- cient capacity to handle additional ore Purchase of uranium mining rights depot at Wenden, to be used for the on the Navajo Indian reservation in purchase and collection of the vital purchased from other Nevada deposits. —Pioche Record. the four-corners area of Arizona, New defense metal of which there are large Mexico, Colorado and Utah has been reserves in the Wenden area. Con- • • • announced by business partners of struction of the depot is expected to Lackawanna, Nevada . . . Senator Robert A. Kerr, Democratic begin almost immediately. The gov- The Baltimore Camas Mine's tung- presidential aspirant. Properties and ernment agency also is considering the sten mill at Lackawanna is installing equipment of the Navajo Uranium establishment of a beneficiation plant machinery preparatory to beginning Company, including an ore sampling in the same area.—Wickenburg Sun. processing operations. The mill has plant at Shiprock, have been acquired • • • been set up principally for tungsten by the Kerr-McGee Oil Industries of Winnemucca, Nevada . . . but with additional equipment will be Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. — New Virgin Valley district of northern able to handle other ores, probably Mexican. Humboldt county, which has produced lead and zinc. It will serve mines • • • some of the best gem opal in the within a radius of approximately 400 Silver Peak, Nevada . . . United States, was found in 1950 to miles.—Ely Record. Daily development at Mohawk contain uranium minerals. ''But," the • • • Mine in the Argentite district 10 miles U. S. Geological Survey now reports, Yerington, Nevada . . . west of Silver Peak in Esmerelda "the uranium content ranges from .002 Stripping operations have been county gives rise to speculation that to .12 percent, insufficient to warrant started at Anaconda Copper Com- the silver-lead mine eventually will economic development at present pany's development at Yerington. It become one of the biggest producers prices. The possibilities of finding is estimated that between seven and in that part of the state. Seven men economically minable material by ad- 10 million yards of overburden will be presently are employed at the mine, ditional exploration of known urani- removed before production of the cop- and timber is being hauled in to build ferous layers are not considered good." per ore gets under way.—Battle Moun- a camp for 20 more workers.—Pioche —Humboldt Star. tain Scout. Record.

24 DESERT MAGAZINE Apaches swooped down on the Papago miners, killing many men, women and children and leaving the mission settlement a smouldering ruin.

When two employes of Mon- ton Air Base near Tucson, Ari- zona, found the rusty remnants Lost Mine With of an ancient Spanish forge high on a ridge of the Santa Catalina Mountains, they considered it the Iron Door only an interesting reminder of Conquistadore days in the Southwest. But John D. Mitchell, an authority on lost mines and By JOHN D. MITCHELL buried treasure of the West, Illustration by thinks it is a clue to one of the most fabulous of lost treasures— Charles Keetsie Shirley The Mine with the Iron Door. Navajo artist

N A RECENT outing in the Santa priest who at one time was assistant the expulsion decree for a number of Catalina Mountains near Tucson, to Father Eusebio Kino at Mission months, meanwhile continuing to re- Arizona, two employes of nearby San Xavier del Bac near Tucson. Al- cover gold from the fabulous mine Monton Air Base discovered the rusty though the principal occupation of the high in the Santa Catalina hills and parts of a blacksmith forge made in Jesuits was to store up treasures in from placer operations along the Ca- Madrid, Spain, and carrying the date, Heaven by spreading the gospel among nada del Oro. But they were not per- 1757. the plains Indians and the wild pagan mitted to take any of their treasure The two men knew little about min- tribes of the northern hills, the good out of the country. ing and had heard nothing about the fathers were not averse to storing up The Jesuits undoubtedly had fore- Lost Escalante Mine made famous by treasures on earth against the prover- seen the possibility of their being un- Harold Bell Wright in his novel, The bial rainy day. In doing so, their treat- able to remove any of the treasure Mine with the Iron Door. But their ment of the neophytes under their from the country, and they decided to find may be the clue which someday charge occasionally caused the Indians hide it in some secret place until they will lead to the rediscovery of lost to rise in revolt. could return for it in safety. Old Span- Spanish treasure. According to old church records, ish records in possession of Tucson The Mine with the Iron Door, as the Escalante Mine was in full opera- citizens, and Papago legends handed the Escalante has come to be called, tion in 1767 when Spanish King down by word of mouth from father is believed to have been found and Charles III issued the edict expelling to son, indicate that a large number of worked for many years by Father Sil- the Jesuit Order from Spain and all Indians were employed in building a vestre Velez de Escalante, a Jesuit her possessions. The Jesuits fought hiding place for the treasure. Accord-

JULY, 1952 25 ing to reports, the treasure vault was In June, 1769, while most of the mission and most of the houses were near the south bank of the Canada Indian miners and their families were almost completely destroyed and were del Oro. The ruins of the old camp celebrating San Juan's Day, a large never rebuilt. The mines were aban- and the foundations of the little chapel band of Apache Indians swooped doned after the raid, and many priests where the priests said mass may still down from the surrounding hills and of other outlying missions were killed be seen. killed great numbers of Papagos. The before they reached the ships waiting to carry them away. An old Mexican merchant who ran Wk m A • aHere'cncils th rclae Julxy tes ant casfor th chaire Qui antz fans1 nn. So get a little grocery store on North Sixth If fiSGrt UU Z P ' '" >' ' d out Avenue in Tucson, just north of the WVWVI 1 THI" how much or how little you know about the present underpass, many years ago Great American Desert. Even if you get a low score it will not be time had in his possession a faded waybill wasted for you will have learned something about the most fascinating that purportedly gave directions for region in the United States. Twelve to 14 correct answers is good, 15 to finding the Escalante Mine. Accord- 17 is excellent, 18 or over is superior. The answers are on page 34. ing to this document, the mine was 1—Bitten by a tarantula, an old-timer on the desert would: Get a doctor located about one league northwest as quickly as possible Apply a tourniquet and try to draw of the Ventana—a natural hole in the poison from the wound . Go to bed and put cold packs on the rock resembling a window. When the wound Address a few uncomplimentary remarks at the insect Indian miners stood at the mouth of and forget about it the tunnel, they could look to the 2—One of the following ghost towns is not in California: Ballarat southeast and see through this window. Rhyolite Calico .__ . Tumco Old Steve, an Indian vaquero who 3—The legendary god Tahquitz of the Cahuilla Indians lived in a cave for many years rode the Santa Catalina on: San Gorgonio Mountain Santa Rosa Mountains San range, was jogging along on his pinto Jacinto Mountains San Ysidro Mountains one windy day when he was startled 4—Pipe Springs National Monument is in: Arizona Utah by a moaning sound coming from a Nevada Californ ia patch of brush near the trail. Investi- 5—Correct spelling of the name of one of the most common plants on gation proved that the wailing was the desert is: Ocotillo Ocotilla Ocatillo Ocatilla caused by the wind blowing across a 6—When you hear a botanist talking about Larrea, he is referring to small hole on the side of the high ridge what you and I call: Smoke tree Ironwood Creosote he had been following. The hole bush Arrowweed turned out to be the entrance to a large 7—Deglet Noor is the name of: An Indian village on the Hopi Mesa tunnel, in places stoped almost to the A famous chieftain of the Navajo Indians A species of date surface. On the floor were piles of grown in the California desert A peak in the Wasatch range ore that had been broken up and made of mountains ready for the pack trip down to the 8—If the man at the service station informed you that you were in the arrastres, evidences of which still stand Escalante Desert you would know you were in: Nevada Ari- on the south bank of the Canada del zona New Mexico Utah Oro near the ruins of the mission. 9—Galena is an ore of: Gold Lead Silver Copper Great clusters of bats were hanging 10—Lieut. Ives is remembered for his: Famous camel train . Ex- ploration of the Lower Colorado River Campaign against the upside down from the walls and ceil- Apaches Discovery of Death Valley ing. Although the old cowpoke talked 11—Hohokam is the name given: One of Arizona's highest peaks freely to his Indian and Mexican A county in Nevada A prehistoric tribe of Indians A friends about his find, he refused to dialect spoken by the Mojave Indians take anyone to the site. 12—Headwaters of the Little Colorado River are in the: Wasatch Moun- tains Rocky Mountains of Wyoming Sangre de Cristo Lost mine and buried treasure hun- Range in New Mexico White Mountains of Arizona ters throughout the Southwest believe 13—A packrat's nest generally is made of: Sticks and twigs Gal- that much of the gold found in the leta grass Rocks Feathers Canada del Oro by the Spanish Con- 14—If the famous Bird Cage theater was still operating you could witness quistadores came from the Escalante its theatricals by going to: Virginia City Tombstone Mine. The heavy rains that fall in the Carson City Searchlight Catalinas every year still wash grains 15—Phainopepla is the name of a desert: Bird Lizard of bright yellow gold down from the Plant Rodent hillsides into the Canada del Oro, 16—If you came to a sign which read "Tinajas Altas" you would know where it finally settles to bedrock. you were on the old: Butterfield Stage road Mormon Trail to The millions of bats that emerge Utah__. Bradshaw road Camino del Diablo 17—If you were to prepare a tender mescal bud for food, Indian style, from forgotten mountain tunnels and you would: Roast it in a pit Barbecue it on an open fire stopes each evening from April to Boil it in water Eat it raw late October to search for food in the 18—Indians who refer to themselves as Dine, meaning "The People" are; Catalinas, and the accidental discov- Hopis Apaches Navajos Pimas ery of the old Spanish forge high on 19—Coolidge dam is on the: Salt River San Pedro River Gila a windswept ridge may be the clues River Virgin River that eventually will lead someone to 20—Death Valley Scotty's partner in the building of Scotty's Castle in the fabulously rich Mine with the Death Valley was: James Scrugham Albert M. Johnson Iron Door and to the Jesuits' lost Borax Smith Shorty Harris treasure house on the banks of the Canada del Oro.

26 DESERT MAGAZINE dary machinery and work benches. greasewood bushes, about 30 feet from Our refrigerator was moved from the the highway. service porch to accommodate a slab- I first saw it in 1937 or '38. At that bing saw set-up, and the sitting room time the slab was old and weather- now is used for picture and slide equip- beaten, but the lettering—apparently ment, a microscope and micromounts. burned in with a hot iron—was fairly Piles of rocks occupy the porch floor new. At the foot of the plank, with How Many Rattles? . . . and a shed which had to be built in about an inch of the neck showing, the back yard. El Monte, California was buried an empty quart whiskey Desert: We hope Mrs. Forsberg can look bottle. In 1941, some wag buried a You may know your stories, but into the future and prepare for similar pair of weatherworn leather boots you don't know your rattlesnakes. expansion before the hobby moves her with the toes sticking out of the ground family out onto the street! just six feet in front of the slab. The On page 34 of the May Desert ap- effect was ghastly. pears an item which states "such phe- MISS MARIE ALMAND nomenal rattles (with a dozen and a MISS ORA D. ORME I haven't noticed this grave for sev- half or two dozen segments) are never • • • eral years now. Some souvenir hunter seen in Nature." The "Unknown" Graves . . . probably has grabbed it. I have killed rattlers with 19 and Red Mountain, California E. S. KIRKLAND 20 rattles, and Charles Mitchell of Desert: Salt Lake City, Utah, has a string In the photographic feature, "In Information Wanted ... with 52 rattles. I have seen it and Memory," on facing pages 22 and 23 counted them. The snake came from of May Desert Magazine, I notice two Redondo Beach, California Texas. photos taken in this district. One is Desert: The button on a rattle indicates two captioned, "Photo taken near Rands- How about giving us more informa- years of age, and each rattle segment burg," the other "An unknown grave tion about the Jackrabbit Homestead- thereafter signifies one year. on the California desert." ers? I understand the group in one C. S. JUDD Sorry, but there is no one buried section is drilling a cooperative well, at either place. They grow things big in Texas, and others have organized and adopted but Mr. Mitchell's 52-rattle snake About four years ago, I was talking by-laws, etc. still is phenomenal. According to to a San Bernardino County deputy JOHN R. WARNER Karl P. Schmidt and D. Dwight sheriff about those same two places. Desert's staff would like to have Davis of the Field Museum of Nat- In his opinion, if such graves had once the addresses of all organized Jack- ural History, authors of "Field Book existed, the county coroner would have rabbit Homesteader groups. We of Snakes," a rattler with a string of removed the remains to Potter's Field, agree with JRW, their doings will more than 20 rattles is extremely as neither was in a designated burial be interesting to many readers. — rare "although they are sometimes ground. R.H. faked by slipping parts of several Be that as it may, here is the story: rattles together." Not only is a long In May or June of 1941, two Mexi- rattle cumbersome and easily broken, cans, driving an ancient model Ford Inyo Mountain Pine . . . but it does not rattle properly and innocent of top, brakes and lights, left Independence, California hence would be much less useful Red Mountain for Trona, where they Desert: than a shorter one. Snake Experts were employed. After an evening of Schmidt and Davis say a rattlesnake rather unwise and much too thorough As a resident of Owens Valley, I adds a "joint" to its rattle each time celebrating, they started north down appreciate the letter of William Dye it loses its skin "which it does three the Trona road. About half way down in your May issue, regarding trees in or four times a year or oftener—not the hill, three miles or so from Trona the Inyos. Anyone who knows the just once." So, even if an adult snake and at the place where one cross was Inyos would resent having them called did retain all its rattles, it would located, they smashed into a large and barren. seem its age still would be its own heavy Auburn sedan. However, Mr. Dye seems to be con- secret.—R.H. The Auburn and one of the Mexi- fused on the kinds of trees found there. cans weren't badly damaged. The We have white bark pine and foxtail other Mexican promptly left this earth, pine as timberline trees on the Sierra The Hobby that Grows . . . and the Ford was a total loss. side, but I never have seen them in Santa Fe, New Mexico About a week later, the small black the Inyos. There are many pinyon and Desert: cross shown on the left in your photo juniper trees in upper elevations throughout the range, and good stands We certainly know what Mrs. Ona appeared at the spot. The following of hickory pine are found on the higher Forsberg was talking about when she spring the larger one with the wreath peaks and ridges. The latter (pinus described her rapid conversion to rock- joined it. aristata) may easily be confused with hounding! (Letters, May Desert.) Made of boards, chicken wire and foxtail pine (pinus balfouriana), but And we warn her, as time goes on stucco and painted white, it was a there is no tree in the Inyos resem- she might expect anything in the way right nice looking monument for sev- bling white bark pine. of expansion—at least judging from eral years. Lately it has been on the our experience. ground most of the time. A new Mountain mahogany also grows Just two years ago, we bought the wreath regularly appears about the here, often reaching the size of small first glass case to display a few choice same time each year. trees; and I have seen good sized wil- mineral specimens. Today there is a The "unknown grave" was located lows in certain locations. room full of cases, shelves, tables, on the east side of the Trona road be- Yes, the Inyos are a desert range, rock cupboards and one fluorescent tween the start of Nine Mile Grade but they are true mountains and do cabinet devoted to our hobby. One and the entrance to Poison Canyon. not reveal themselves too readily. bedroom is given over entirely to lapi- It stood in a small clearing in the MRS. MARY DE DECKER

JULY, 1952 27 Answers, Please . . . problem of land tenure under desert opposed and obstructed for a time by Burbank, California conditions and their communal method politicians in Washington and else- Desert: of farming. where. In the May Desert Quiz, the answer When the federal census of these It was not until the fallacy of indi- to number 6 was omitted. The same desert Papagos was completed in May, vidual Indian allotments was discussed misfortune befell question 16 in the 1910, and it was learned that there by correspondence and orally with June issue. were upwards of 4500 Papagos in Commissioner Sells during his trip I only missed one so far in the June Pima County instead of the less than through the Papago country, with the test, and hope I guessed right on that 2000 that was previously estimated, precious and profitable help of good San Ildefonso puzzler. Why not pub- the advisability of establishing and Father Ventura, that these efforts for lish these two answers in July? creating a separate reservation was the creation of a reservation finally WILLIAM H. REEVES justified in my opinion. attained success. For Mr. Reeves and other quiz The first suggestions made to Wash- I opposed the removal of the agency fans frustrated by Desert's oversight, ington for the creation of a reservation headquarters from San Xavier to Sells here are the answers: The stream were made when Inspector Carl Gun- as a waste of money, and said person- which Major Powell called the Dirty derson, later governor of South Da- ally I would refuse to move there. Devil River is now known as Fre- kota, and I made the trip through the District farmers could be deputized to mont Creek, Utah; True, the Indian desert and recommended by wire in settle most problems, and furthermore craftsmen of San Ildefonso in New 1910 that the allotment work be they could all be connected by tele- Mexico are best known for their pot- stopped immediately and a reservation phone to San Xavier. tery making.—R.H. be created. This recommendation was HENRY J. McQUIGG • • • A Reservation for the Papagos . . . Following the publication in the February issue of Harold Weight's biographical sketch of Father Bonaventura, some inter- Scanty esting sidelights on the history of the Papago Indians were furn- ished in a letter written to Harold OF;DEATH VALLEY by Henry J. McQuigg, first super- intendent of the Papago reserva- tion. McQuigg wrote in part as follows: Members of the Coast Camera Sat all day on the bench out un- club were in Death Valley on Santa Ana, California der the front porch. Boys in the their annual field trip. They had store figgered he hadn't had any- Dear Mr. Weight: been out during the early morn- thing to eat since he finished off We read with pleased interest your ing exposing their films to the that box o'crackers, so they gave excellent story of Father Bonaventura Valley's scenic wonders, and had him a hunk o' cheese. in the February issue of Desert. I have returned to the Inferno store to "After that Flatfoot wuz a pleasant memories of my work with loiter around the cold drink stand the good Father in the development regular visitor. He'd show up during the middle of the day. jest after sun-up and sit all day of the Papagos. "Takes shadows to make good I was appointed by President Wm. on that bench. Generally some- pictures" one of the camera en- body bought 'im something to H. Taft as first superintendent of the thusiasts explained to the clerk Papagos in Pima County and the San eat. And do yuh know, that ol' behind the counter. "Pictures Indian sat there every day fer Xavier reservation in 1910, remain- are too flat when the sun is di- ing there until 1916. 40 years. When the late after- rectly overhead. We'll be going noon sun hit the porch Flatfoot Before December 1909 the desert out again late this afternoon." Papagos and the small reservation at jest stayed there anyway—him Hard Rock Shorty was seated an his shadder on the wall. San Xavier del Bac were under the on a counter, corncob pipe in superintendent at Sacaton, but Com- one hand and a fly-swatter in the "One day he didn't show up, missioner of Indian Affairs Valentine other. an' that afternoon down in the dunes where the Indians had felt that the time had come to give "Too bad you-all didn't come more autonomy and attention to the their camp they wuz havin' a down here a coupla months ago," burnin' ceremony. Lot o' wailin' Papagos so an Agency with headquar- he remarked. "If yuh like to ters at San Xavier was founded. an' singin'. One of the Indian take pictures o' shadders we boys told us ol' Flatfoot had Shortly afterwards good Father Ven- really had a good one fer yuh. tura arrived to renew the missionary gone to the Happy Hunting Was a perfect likeness o' 01' Ground. work of the Franciscans that had been Chief Flatfoot, the Paiute Indian. interrupted by politics in old Mexico; "Flatfoot wuz in Death Valley "Ol' Flatfoot wuz gone—but and I gave him all the assistance pos- when the first white man cum not his shadder. That shadder'd sible in developing his school system here. No one knew where he been on that wall every afternoon and missionary work. At the same cum from, but the day after this fer 40 years—and I guess it did- time I started the construction of seven here store wuz opened back in n't know the ol' chief wuz dead. government day schools. 1906 he showed up. He looked Yep, that shadder stayed there When I arrived at San Xavier in hungry and Pisgah Bill bought on the wall fer six months afore January, 1910, Carl Aspaas was en- 'im a box o' crackers. The next it went to the Happy Hunting gaged in allotting the desert Papagos day Flatfoot cum back again. Ground too." a quarter section each, which obviously was an unrealistic approach to their

28 DESERT MAGAZINE memories ARIZONA Cattle in Kaibab . . . Project Completion. Near . . . GRAND CANYON —The United YUMA—Construction of the Well- States Forest Service has decided to you'll ton-Mohawk division of the Gila River give cattle a permanent place on the Project may be completed by 1957, Kaibab National Game Refuge, which according to the Bureau of Reclama- was set aside by President Theodore tion's current timetable of construc- Roosevelt in 1906 for the famous tion. The project, opened May 1, is Kaibab deer herd. The action was treasure expected to bring an additional 10,000 taken because cattlemen agreed to re- acres under irrigation this year. Al- duce livestock use 38 percent through most 17,000 acres of the government- fall calf sales that would remove the ...allthe rest of owned land will be divided into 116 annual increase. It is expected the ad- farms and offered for sale to qualified mission of cattle to range lands will your life veterans over a five-year period begin- necessitate a larger deer hunt this fall. ning later this year.—Yuma Daily Sun. —A rizona Republic. the sights you'll see and the • • • . . . Arizona First in Cotton Yield . . . Papagos Best Adjusted . . . comforts you'll enjoy on any CASA GRANDE—Despite the fact WASHINGTON—The Papagos of one of Santa Fe's that adverse water conditions brought Arizona seem to be adjusting best to last year's yield down 150 pounds per the demands of a complex white world. 5 great trains acre, Arizona farmers still hold the This is the opinion of Dr. John M. No. 1 position in the country in aver- Roberts of Harvard University, age yield of lint cotton per acre. Al- speaker at a three-day meeting of the though complete figures are not yet Institute on American Indian Assimila- available, Arizona's 1951 yield is ex- tion. The Papagos are absorbing pected to reach 750 pounds per acre, gradually into the national economic compared to the United States average and social structure while still retain- of 268 pounds. — Casa Grande Dis- ing their ancient tribal identity, said patch. Dr. Roberts.—Arizona Republic. Prize Photograph Announcement... Yes, it is hot out here on the desert as this is written, early in June, and the photographers who do their own dark room work have to put ice in their fluids. But they don't mind that—and so Desert Magazine's Picture-of-the-Month contest will be carried on through the summer. This contest is intended to secure for publication the best of the pictures taken in the desert country each month by both amateur and professional photographers. All Desert readers are invited to enter their best work in this contest. Entries for the July contest must be in the Desert Magazine office. Palm Desert, California, by July 20. and the winning prints between California will appear in the September issue. Pictures which arrive too late for and Chicago, one contest are held over for the next month. First prize is $10; second prize $5.00. For non-winning pictures accepted for publication $3.00 through the each will be paid. colorful Southwest HERE ARE THE RULES 1—Prints for monthly contests must be black and white. 5x7 or larger, printed Indian Country on glossy paper. 2—Each photograph submitted should be fully labeled as to subject, time and place. Also technical data: camera, shutter speed, hour of day, etc. Super Chief • Chief • El Capitan 3—PRINTS WILL BE RETURNED WHEN RETURN POSTAGE IS ENCLOSED. 4—All entries must be in the Desert Magazine office by the 20th of the contest Grand Canyon • California Ltd. month. 5—Contests are open to both amateur and professional photographers. Desert Magazine requires first publication rights only of prize winning pictures. 6—Time and place of photograph are immaterial, except that it must be from the desert Southwest. 'A K 7—Judges will be selected from Desert's editorial staff, and awards will be made immediately after the close of the contest each month. Santa Fe Address All Entries to Photo Editor •a K *De&ent PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA C. C. THOMPSON, PASSENGER TRAFFIC MGR. LOS ANGELES 14, CALIFORNIA

JULY, 1952 29 Test Indian Welfare Laws . . . PHOENIX—Are Indians living on reservations entitled to the same treat- THE DESERT TRflDMG POST ment as anyone else in the matter of Classified Advertising in Thin Section Costs 8c a Word, $1.00 Minimum Per Issue public assistance? This long-disputed question will be decided by the federal courts when they deliver a ruling on TWO BEAUTIFUL lots; approximately 300 ft. INDIAN GOODS frontage Kuffel Canyon Road, Sky Forest, a petition the State of Arizona has California, near Arrowhead and Rim of World FOUR PERFECT AND FINE Indian Arrowheads Highway. Can be divided into 4 or 5 lots. filed for declaratory judgment. The $1.00. 2 large arrowheads $1.00; extra fine Water shares. $4500. M. Contreras, 1845 N. stage was set for the litigation when stone tomahawk $2.00; 4 beautiful bird ar- Raymond, Pasadena, California. rowheads $1.00; 2 flint knives $1.00; fine Oscar Ewing, federal security admin- effigy peace pipe $8.00; bone fish hook $2.00. 6" or over spearhead $5.00, thin and perfect. MISCELLANEOUS istrator, ruled a new Arizona law out List Free. Lear's, Glenwood, Arkansas. LEATHERCRAFT SUPPLIES: Make your own of conformity with federal regulations. FOR SALE: Antique Indian collections. Many bags, wallets, belts, etc. Free instructions at The act created a new category of aid ollas, metates, baskets, artifacts, etc. Box store. Mail orders promptly filled. Bill 180, Julian, California. White's, 102 W. State St., Redlands, California. to the totally and permanently disabled DESERT TEA. One pound one dollar postpaid. and specifically barred reservation In- INDIAN MATERIAL—enough for a roadside Greasewood Greenhouses. Lenwood, Barstow, museum or wall decorations for bar or California. dians from its benefits. Its passage restaurant or lodge. Used costumes, flint and Ewing's action both were part of tipped arrows, flint tipped lance, powder PANNING GOLD — Another hobby for Rock horns, peace pipes, hundred items too num- Hounds and Desert Roamers. A new booklet, a plan to clear up the whole question erous to mention. Price $265.00 cash. Come "What the Beginner Needs to Know," 36 pages see this vanishing material. Any time ex- of instructions; also catalogue of mining books of Indian welfare responsibility and at cept Friday night and Saturday. Joe Dalbey, and prospectors' supplies, maps of where to go the same time not jeopardize federal 2524 W. Colorado Blvd., Eagle Rock. Phone and blue prints of hand machines you can CLeveland 7-1504. build. Mailed postpaid 25c, coin or stamps. matching funds for other phases of the WE SEARCH UNCEASINGLY for old and rare Old Prospector, Box 729, Desk 5, Lodi, Calif. state's welfare program.—Arizona Re- Indian Artifacts, but seldom accumulate a LADY GODIVA "The World's Finest Beautifier." public. large assortment. Collectors seem as eager to For women who wish to become beautiful, for possess them as their original owners. To e e • those who like real Indian things, a hearty women who wish to remain beautiful. An welcome. You too may find here something outstanding desert cream. For information, you have long desired. We are continually write or call Lola Barnes, 963 N. Oakland, To Study River Border . . . increasing our stock with the finest in Navajo Pasadena 6, Calif., or phone SYcamore 4-2378. PHOENIX —The Colorado River rugs, Indian baskets, and hand-made jewelry. NATIVE HUT, Novelty Lamp. Hut designed has created a number of boundary dis- Daniels Trading Post, 401 W. Foothill Blvd., parchment shade. When lighted, shows na- Fontana, California. tive dancer and drummer silhouette. Raft putes by its meandering since the Ari- type base, 5"x5"x2". Lamp 11" high, $5.95 postpaid. Television style, 12", $7.95 postpaid. zona state line was declared to be the BOOKS — MAGAZINES Send 10c in coin for snapshot, credited on order. Lynn Lamp Shop, Route 1, Box 128A, center of the river. Because California BOOKS FOUND: Any subject, any author. Fast Yuma, Arizona. is surveying the lands along its side service. Send wants—no obligation. Interna- tional Bookfinders. Box 3003-D, Beverly Hills, PHOTOGRAPHIC GEMS made from your own of the river, and since the state legis- California. favorite negatives. 5x7 inch enlargements sealed in glass-clear plastic and mounted in lature has authorized a survey on the DESERT MAGAZINES FOR SALE: 86 issues handsome display mounts, 75c each, three Arizona side, Governor Howard Pyle from 1938 to 1947 $20.00 postpaid. L. Roe, for $2.00. W. C. Minor, Box 62, Fruita, Colo- 1501 Vilas Ave., Madison, Wisconsin. rado. announced he will reactivate the Ari- COMPLETE SET of Desert Magazine. Nov. 1937 SILVERY DESERT HOLLY PLANTS: One dollar zona Boundary Commission. The to Jan. 1951, in binders, $50.00. P. J. White, each postpaid. Greasewood Greenhouses, Len- three-member group was first ap- 10248 So. Valley View, Whittier, California. wood, Barstow, California. pointed in 1941 to meet with a group WE WILL PAY 50 cents each for good copies TO TRADE for desert property, a small busi- of the Desert Magazine issues of January, ness preferred, on main highway, with good from California to discuss boundary February, October 1946, and January, Febru- water supply, of equal value to my property problems.—Arizona Republic. ary, March, April, May, July, November 1947, in Port Orford, Oregon. Have 5 room house and January, March, April, May, October, center of town and situated one block from e e e November 1948. Desert Magazine, Palm Des- my crab and sea food market with beer ert. California. license on property with 96 foot frontage on Apaches Adopt Game Plan . . . Highway 101 in seaport town. Doing a good business. Home and furniture valued at $6000 WHITERIVER—A comprehensive BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES and going business and business property valued at $7000. Will trade one or both. game and fish management and recre- R. E. SALESMAN: Take charge established Further details, write V. H. Kohl, Box 773, ational program has been adopted by office. Sell desert Homes, Ranches, Acreage. Port Orford, Oregon. Good location. Box 252, Big Bear Lake, the Fort Apache Tribal Council. The California. PLAN YOUR TRIPS to the mountains, sea- council has budgeted $22,600 of ac- shore or desert with Topographic Maps. We have a complete stock of maps of all areas cumulated fishing-permit fees for the in California and fourteen other western REAL ESTATE states. Many new ones recently issued. A first year of the program and author- postal card with your name and address will WILL SELL 5-acre patented Jackrabbit Home- put you on our FREE mailing list. If it's ized increases in the fishing permits stead 15 miles from Palm Springs, 4 miles maps, see or write Westwide Maps Co., 114% effective July 1 to finance future de- from Palm Desert, 2 miles from Palms-to- W. 3d St., Los Angeles 13. MI 5339. Pines Highway in Section 36. Elevation about velopments. Improvement of camp- 1000 feet. Has good 22-foot house trailer on PROSPECTORS AND ROCKHOUNDS WANTED. sites, picnic grounds, trails, fish shel- cement block foundation. Two double beds. To join the newly incorporated United Pros- On hillside overlooking lower Cat canyon. No pectors Organization. If you are experienced ters and game facilities are planned. electricity, necessary to haul water. $1600 or beginners the articles in our magazine are terms. Discount for cash. Address Owner, bound to help you enjoy your hobby and the —Arizona Republic. Box HR, c/o Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, outdoors. Send your name for our new bro- California chure and literature. United Prospectors, Box e e e 729, Lodi, California. LARGE BUILDING LOTS for winter homes. Norman Nevills Memorial . . . Close to highway 60-70. Excellent soft water FIND YOUR OWN beautiful Gold nuggets! It's MARBLE CANYON — Norman available. L. C. Hockett, Box 2T6, Salome, fun! Beginners illustrated instruction book Arizona. $1.00. Gold pan, $2.00. Where to go? Gold Nevills, veteran Colorado Riverman, placer maps, Southern California, Nevada, OCOTILLO: On limited access Highway 80, 26 Arizona, $1.00 each state. All three maps and his wife Doris were killed in 1949 miles west of El Centro, two junctions. Agua $2.00. Desert Jim, Box 604 Stockton, Calif. when their airplane crashed during a Caliente Hot Springs near by and in a des- ert resort. Motel location on Highway 80, BEAUTIFUL CACTUS raised from seed. Packed take-off from the desert runway near $1500. Trailer Courts location, 2 acres, $1600. dry in attractive gift box. Grow indoors or John C. Chalupnik, Alpine, California. out. Mailed anywhere in the U. S. for $1.00. their home at Mexican Hat, Utah. Victor Valley Gem Shop, Box 158, Phelan, California. Now, almost three years later, a Nor- CAMP WILLIAMS — Approximately 12 acres. man Nevills Memorial Plaque will be Beautiful trees; log slab buildings 8 years old; INVESTORS WANTED: Build rentals for all restrooms, sleeping quarters; trout stream year income. This is fast growing health dedicated July 11 at Navajo Bridge in and camp grounds; beer and cafe licenses; area. Write Chamber of Commerce, New- plenty room for trailer park and cabins; berry, California. Marble Canyon. Many of Nevills' privately owned land in forest reserve; ele- vation approximately 1600 ft.; 15 miles from SAVE 50% on New Binoculars! Free catalog. friends, who made the Colorado trip Azusa, California, in East Fork, San Gabriel Free book, "How to Select Binoculars." Write with him, will gather for the cere- Canyon. $24,000. Terms. $12,500 down. M. today! Bushnell's 43-D 37 43 E. Green Street, Contreras, 1845 N. Raymond, Pasadena, Calif. Pasadena 1, California. mony. 30 DESERT MAGAZINE CALIFORNIA Search for Greasewood . . . PALM DESERT —The possibility that leaves of the creosote bush—com- monly known as greasewood — have commercial potentiality is being in- vestigated by a large spice processing company. Creosote leaves can be con- verted by a lengthy process of extrac- tion and re-extraction into a fine powder that prevents or retards ran- cidity in fats, oils and fatty foods. H. S. Warren, chemical engineer and pro- duction supervisor for the William J. Strange Company, makers of the crys- talline end-product, has been exploring the Coachella Valley for thick con- centrations of greasewood. The chem- ist reassured nature lovers that creo- sote bushes will not be destroyed by the leaf-picking. "It is as beneficial as tip-pruning," he said.—Palm Desert Progress. • • • Would Abandon Historic Road . . . MECCA—Declaring that the pres- ent bridge over the Ail-American canal east of here is inadequate, the Cali- fornia State Highway Division has asked that the historic road through Box Canyon be abandoned unless the Coachella County Water District will install a new bridge, estimated to cost $260,000. The Box Canyon road was in use for nearly 50 years before the Indio-Blythe cut-off was completed a few years ago. It goes through one of the desert's most scenic canyons, and residents of Coachella Valley are pre- paring protests against its abandon- ment.—The Date Palm.

Franciscans to Leave . . . BANNING—Franciscan monks, in THE AMAZING PURPLE MOTOR OIL California since 1770, are about to leave four Southern California coun- ties—Riverside, San Bernardino, San ROYAL TRITON ! Diego and Imperial—after 182 years of continuous service to Roman Cath- Royal Triton-the amazing purple motor oil-was developed to olic parishioners throughout California. give the greatest possible lubricant protection for today's precision- The Franciscans first were assigned to the Southwest after Spanish King built cars. Charles III banished the Jesuits in Royal Triton got its distinctive purple color from the unique 1767. On exploratory expeditions from combination of fortifying compounds it contains. These compounds, Mexico, Franciscan Father Junipero combined with its high quality, make Royal Triton America's finest Serra established locations of the Cali- heavy-duty motor oil. fornia missions.—Banning Record. • • • HOW TO GET TOP PERFORMANCE FROM YOUR CAR Plan "Shady" Myrick Shrine . . . To get 100% performance you need follow just two RANDSBURG — In memory of itOl, simple rules: (1.) Take your car to your car dealer's Francis Marion "Shady" Myrick, Mo- for frequent checkups—at least every 2,000 miles. jave Desert's most famous gemstone (2.) Use the finest motor oil money can buy—Royal prospector, the Desert Lions Club of Triton-45?! per quart. Johannesburg and a group of Shady's desert friends erected a monument of A variable at leading car dealers' in most areas of the U. S. Mojave Desert gemrock over his grave. UNION OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA The monument and plaque were dedi- Los Angeles, Union Oil Bldg. . New York, 4904 RCA Bldg. • Chicago, 1612 Bankers Bldg. - New Orleans, 917 National Bank of Commerce Bldg. cated in Memorial Day ceremonies.— LOOK FOR Cincinnati, 2111 Carew Tower Bldg. Randsburg Times-Herald. THIS SIGN

JULY, 1952 31 May Develop Mesa Land . . . mile-long All-American Canal. The by Lucius Beebe and Charles Clegg, BLYTHE—After nearly 40 years event, which took place without cere- western historians and authors. Al- of planning, progress finally is being mony, was staged in the main control though the population of Virginia City made toward the development of irri- house of Imperial Dam, 18 miles up- has dropped from 20,000 during its gation facilities on approximately 16,- stream from Yuma where the diversion heyday to a mere 400 today, the new 000 acres on the first Palo Verde mesa. works and desilting basins of the canal publishers expect a profitable return Negotiations now are directed toward are located.—Los Angeles Times. by combining the Enterprise with the including the mesa in the Palo Verde • • • Virginia City News.—Pioche Record. irrigation district.—Palo Verde Valley To Revive Mecca Pageant . . . • • • Times. MECCA — The Mecca Easter Pa- Plan Cave Exploration . . . geant, given annually since World War WHITE PINE—Exploration of the II in Box Canyon but suspended this caves of east central Nevada is planned Canal Transfer Official . . . year, will be produced again in 1953, late in July by Stanford Grotto of the EL CENTRO—At one minute af- members of the Mecca Civic Council National Speleological Society. Ray- ter midnight on May 1, U. S. Recla- have decided. Financial difficulties mond de Saussure of San Francisco mation Bureau officials turned over and production worries caused aban- reports the Stanford University group to representatives of Imperial Irriga- donment of the 1952 presentation. A from Palo Alto, California, hopes to tion District the $25,000,000, 80- campaign will be conducted in ad- publish the results of its study both in vance to underwrite next year's show. the club bulletin and in a special vol- —Ri verside En terprise. ume devoted entirely to material ob- 'EVERYTHING FOR THE HIKER' • • • tained on the trip.—Ely Record. Recommend Canyon Sites . . . • • • SLEEPING BAGS INDIO—Painted, Box and Hidden Famous Ghost Town Sold . . . AIR MATTRESSES Springs canyons and all palm oases LIDA—The ghost town of Lida, SMALL TENTS on the northeast rim of Coachella Val- Esmerelda county, Nevada, passed ley have been recommended by Super- into private ownership when Harold and many other items intendent William Kenyon of the state V. Smith, prominent cattleman of the parks division for inclusion in the Cali- Hawthorne area, purchased the town- VAN DEGRIFT'S HIKE HUT fornia park system. Kenyon envisioned site during a public auction held by 717 West Seventh Street a park system that would include all the Bureau of Land Management. LOS ANGELES 14. CALIFORNIA of the palm oases along the northern Lida first came into prominence even edge of the desert; he said he believed before the days of Tonopah and Gold- the state would have little trouble ac- field and was one of the indirect rea- quiring the lands.—Desert Sun. sons for the discovery of the two big HOTEL • • • camps in Nye and Esmerelda counties. Prospectors fanned out from Lida to NEVADA roam the hills, and shortly after, in Pioneer Paper Returns . . . the dawn of the 20th century, Jim VIRGINIA CITY —After an ab- Butler and his mule brought in the sence of 36 years, the Territorial En- bonanza at Tonopah. Goldfield was terprise, famed newspaper of pioneer discovered four years later. — Las A splendid location in the heart of days, has reappeared on the streets of Vegas Review-Journal. Downtown Los Angeles. 555 delight- Virginia City, a tumbledown mining • • • ful rooms, all with all town astride the once fabulous Corn- modern hotel facilities. 20-Mule Team to Las Vegas . . . FROM •' J^ stock Lode. The publication—literary LAS VEGAS — A 20-mule team Outstanding Food — birthplace of Mark Twain, who served and wagons arrived for the Helldorado Ye Old Oak Tavern; on its staff as reporter during the celebration in Las Vegas after an eight- also popular Sub •Marine mining boom days—was resurrected day drive across the desert from Death Cocktail Lounge ... Valley. California. Before leaving Fur- Garage Adjoining. *?a nace Creek Lodge in Death Valley, 5 minutes from Union .COMFORT R. R. Terminal the wagons were loaded with borax, SMALL PRIC, n* I iust as the original wagons were loaded

AT THE CENTE in the early days. Skinner was Bruce OF EVERYTHING Morgan, operator of the stables at Furnace Creek for the Pacific Coast Borax Company, sponsor of the team. —Inyo Independent. • • • Reveille Approaches 90 ... DOWNTOWN AUSTIN—The oldest paper in Ne- AT PERSHING SQUARE jWORLDS FINEST SLEEPING BAG vada and one of the oldest in the 3 2 QUILTS of 100% NEW DOWN-removable.f' United States, the Reese River Reveille 5 8 oz. ARMY POPLIN COVER-ARMY BALOON^ entered its 90th year of publication in |CLOTH SHEET. USE I QUILT IN MILD- !•" May. Born in the days when the West fiWEATHER.2 QUILTS IN COLO-WEATHER./; was still comparatively little known, I WRITE FOR FREE FOLDER-CORRECT P INFORMATION ON HOW TO SELECT YOUR; the Reveille reaches back in an un- JOHN T. U3CHHEAD-M.E.MAITBY- I SLEEPING BAG. BAGS FROM $815 up. I broken line to the territorial days be- MANAGINC OWNIRS HJBMQ 1U EVBCLJBlf SAN BERNAR1)IN0 447 THIRD fore Nevada was admitted as a state SPECIAL RATES TO SERVICEMEN ^^DllAlrHibl flbTliFbln£ FRESNO III5VANNESS and when Austin was a mining boom WEST'S LAMEST IN CAMPINJ OOOOS SA_LES ""•*"" » R|VERS10E MAIN OFFICE-99 E.COLORADO PASADENA I.CALIF. l4023MAIN town.—Reese River Reveille.

32 DESERT MAGAZINE NEW MEXICO Man-Made Rain Travels . . . ALBUQUERQUE — Reporting on a 21-month rainmaking experiment in New Mexico, Dr. Irving Langmuir, Nobel prize winning scientist, an- nounced he had created a nationwide weekly rainfall pattern by seeding clouds with silver iodide. Dr. Lang- muir and a group of scientists seeded the atmosphere above central New Mexico for a period of 21 months. Seeding days were shifted periodically, iodide amounts were changed, and careful records were kept. The scien- tists found they could control the na- tion's weather pattern. When they yes, MA'AM/ seeded New Mexico air on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, it rained in the East on Friday, Saturday and Sun- day—the lapse being the time it took for the seeded air to move across the country. "Each and every week there was a phenomenal rise and fall," said Dr. Langmuir. A check was started of weather bureau reports for as long as they have existed. Dr. Langmuir said in all the recorded history of weather, no sim- ilar pattern could be found.—Arizona Republic. • • • Bandelier Sets Record . . . LOS ALAMOS — Bandelier Na- tional Monument has set a new single day attendance record, attracting 1132 visitors May 11. "An especially nice day for picnicking, horseback riding and hiking," was the only explanation Superintendent Fred Binnewies could LITTLE LADIES BIG give for the record crowd and earlier- APPRECIATE THE ''FA/VMIY-CI-EAN" REST- than-usual heavy park use. Previous record for the monument since its ROOMS THAT ARE SO WOUDLy MAINTAINED founding in 1916 was May 27, 1951, BY MO8IU5AS PEALER.S THROUGHOUT when 1129 people were counted. — THE COUNTRY. MAKE VOUP. TOURING" New Mexican. • • • MORE PLEASANT .FOR THE WHOLE FAMILY Not Fancy Schools—Just Schools ... THIS YEAR, STOP AT THE SIGN OF THE WASHINGTON—"We will do any- FLYING REP HORSE FOR. CLEAN REST- thing to get teachers, school books ROOMS, FOR HIGH-MILEAGE MOBILGAS, and classrooms for our 28,000 school children," said Sam Akeah, chairman FOR MO8/LOIL THAT'S IMPROVED FOR of the Navaio Tribal Council, in en- RFAL HEAVV-DUT/. dorsement of a less costly program for Navaio education. Several witnesses attacked the Indian Bureau's present Mobilgas school construction program before the Senate appropriations committee. Thev claimed the Indian Bureau is building "fancy show-place" schools for the Navaios and said four times the number of students could be ac- LOOK FOR THE BLUB commodated for the same monev if ft WHITE SIGNS- barracks-type buildings were substi- ANOTHER EXTRA tuted.—Arizona Republic. FRIENDLY SERVICE • • • TAOS — Oscar E. Berninghaus, Taos artist famed for his interpreta- tion of Indian life and the Southwest, died April 27 in Taos of a heart attack. He was 77 years old.—El Crepesculo.

JULY, 1952 33 Teaching Standards Too High . . . summer, studying conditions for the Reservoir Loan Okayed . . . WASHINGTON —In the reserva- state of New Mexico. — Arizona Re- PANGUITCH — F.H.A. approval tion areas of New Mexico and Arizona public. has been stamped upon $100,000 loan there are 15,000 Navajo children now • • • to the New Escalante Irrigation Com- without schooling. One of the rea- State Suggests Water Split . . . pany for construction of a $111,000 sons an education is denied them, SANTA FE—The state has sug- dam across Wide Hollow, three miles maintains Dr. M. W. Royce, a George- gested that 575,000 acre-feet of San northwest of Escalante. The proposed town University professor, is that the Juan River water be earmarked for dam will be 42 feet high and 1600 Indian Bureau's standards for teachers two irrigation projects in the San Juan feet long and will have a storage ca- are too high. "One must almost pass Basin of northwest New Mexico. John pacity of 2300 acre-feet. When com- a regular college board examination R. Erickson, interstate streams engi- pleted, the dam is expected to double to get a teaching job on the reserva- neer, said this should be enough water available irrigation water and to bring tion," he said. Dr. Royce spent three to irrigate 130,000 acres of land and an additional 2000 acres of valley months on the Navajo reservation last suggested that amount be reserved for lands under cultivation. — Garfield the Navajo (Shiprock) and South San County News. Juan projects. New Mexico is allotted • • • 838,000 acre-feet of water under the Traffic School for Indians . . . iSAVE 50Z Upper Colorado River Basin Compact, and this must come from the San Juan. BLANDING — To teach Indians —New Mexican. the rules of driving and traffic, an educational program is being con- BINOCULAR • • • See moes 100 Years of Service . . . ducted in San Juan county. Two-hour classes are held once a week for Utes BUSHNEU-S MMottah TAOS—Centennial ceremonies were NEW FREE $1>|95 in Blanding and for Navajos at Bluff. It* Ui held in May to commemorate the CATAIOOI If UP i The tests are given orally, and inter- hue nfik 100th year of service in New Mexico Guoronteed logivayou mon and preters are present to insure the stu- sov» you money on every popular model by the Sisters of Loretto. The Sisters Don't overpay! Compare BUSHNEU'S before were brought to New Mexico by Arch- dents' understanding of problems. you buy Send for FREE CATALOG and Many of the Utes are buying cars Free Book"HowToSehct\ Binoculars' bishop Lamy in 1851 to establish a school for girls in Santa Fe. In 1863 with money from tribal oil royalties. the first branch of the Santa Fe school —San Juan Record. was established in Taos and named St. • • • study PHdfOGRflPHV Joseph's. A modern school building Drouth, Floods Plague Farmers . . . was erected last year.—El Crepesculo. SALT LAKE CITY—Like the An- in scenic RRIZOIIfl • 9 • cient Mariner who was surrounded by Modern techniques—documentary, UTAH commercial, portrait, fashion, field water but had not a drop to drink, trips. Small groups, personal atten- May Import 500 Sheepmen . . . some Utah farmers have been har- tion. Fully equipped school; compe- tent, thorough instruction. Full VERNAL—Wool producers in the rassed by too much and too little water course Oct. 20 to June 19; also inten- Western United States are conducting at the same time. With thousands of sive short sessions. Located in sunny desert and mountain wonderland. an intensive area by area survey of acres — mostly low pasture lands — Co-educational. Booklet 1* on request. labor needs with the intention of im- inundated by record spring floods, ALFRED A. COHX director. porting 500 skilled sheepherders from nearby and sometimes adjoining acres Europe. Public Law 307 was passed were damaged by an unusual spring flRizonn SCHOOL of recently by Congress as a special im- drouth. The drouth arose from two PHOTOGRRPHY migration act to relieve the labor factors: washed out canals which pre- Route 5, Box 558 shortage in the industry. Basque herd- vented irrigation, and lack of rain to - Tucson, Arizona ers from the Pyranees mountain region supply top soil moisture for seed ger- of Spain and France, Scotch sheepmen mination.—Salt Lake Tribune. and herders from other European sheep growing areas have been re- quested by ranchers interviewed dur- ANSWERS TO DESERT QUIZ ing the survey. Congress, in passing Questions are on page 26 the special immigration act, noted that 1—Address a few uncomplimentary wool production in the United States remarks at the insect and forget has declined nearly 50 percent during it. 2—Rhyolite is in Nevada. CALIFORNIA CAR BED—Front; seat folds the past 10 years and blamed the de- to level double bed. creasing supply of skilled herders for 3—San Jacinto Mountains. CUSTOM CRUISING SEAT—Luxurious twin 4—Arizona. front seats. Reclining; automatic bed level- the lowered production.—Vernal Ex- 5—Ocotillo. ing features. Transferable to next car. press. 6—Creosote bush. Come in for Demonstration by • • • 7—A species of date grown in the California desert. O. R. REUTER Tourist Figures Given . . . 8—Utah. 2801 W. SLAUSON AX. 0888 SALT LAKE CITY — California 9—Lead. LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA leads all states in numbers of tourists 10—Exploration of the Lower Colo- who visit Utah, indicates the National rado River. Parks Service 1951 report on cars and 11—A prehistoric tribe of Indians. 12—White Mountains of Arizona. 1000 TRAVEL SCENES passengers registering at Bryce and 13—Sticks and twigs. Zion canyon stations. Zion attracted 14—Tombstone. 331,676 visitors, more than any other 15—Bird. national park or monument in the 16—Camino del Diablo. 17—Roast it in a pit. state. Temple Square in Sa't Lake 18—Navajos. ]SAMPLES 30c WRITE TODAY City was the only single attraction to 19—Gila River. KELLY D. CHODA register more than a million visitors. 20—Albert M. Johnson. BOX 5 LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEX. S Lake Tribune.

34 DESERT MAGAZINE America when just a lad and worked trail to the desert naturalist, was un- his way west to Needles, where he veiled by Jack Mitchell at ceremonies THE fllRGAZtnE obtained employment with the Atlantic June 15. and Pacific Railroad. His job with the A & P, now the CLOSE-UPS Santa Fe, and occasional prospecting trips such as the one described in his tinklinq A Dartmouth graduate who spent story of Indian gratitude and gold, i Cowbeir ten years in the "canyons" of Wall kept him in Needles for a number of Street, Edgar Ellinger, Jr., now oper- years. But the cry of gold soon called Earrings ates a small handicraft and Indian Battye and his prospecting side-kick, In Sterling Silver. Choice of pierced or trading post in Sedona, Arizona, at William Hutt, to Forty-Mile Creek in screw-back. Please specify. Mail check, the entrance to Oak Creek Canyon. Alaska. They arrived there in 1889, money order, or will ship C.O.D. charges too early for the big Klondike rush. collect. (No C.O.D. to Canada). "I have traveled much and have visited $000 FED TAX INC MONEY BACK GUARANTEE almost every nook and cranny in the After Alaska, Battye returned to 0 (Colo, residents add 5c state tax) world," writes Ellinger, "but never Needles, then journeyed on to Arizona have I found a place with more to mining camps. He was married in Ari- eeTRAPERS 104 EAST PLATTE AVE., DEPT. BC offer than the American Southwest in zona in 1897 and brought his bride COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO general and Arizona in particular." back to Needles to live. The Battyes Bachelor Ellinger lives alone at his now make their home in San Bernar- Saddle Rock shop. He loves horses, dino, California, where they moved in A must on the Desert Lover's Book Shelf and riding, music and writing are his 1924. favorite hobbies. In the future, he Old-timer Battye has many mem- LOAFING ALONG hopes to spend more time at his type- ories of the desert and early railroad- writer, producing stories like the one ing in the West. His true tales have on Hoke Denetsosie which appears in appeared frequently in the Needles DEATH VALLEY TRAILS this issue. Before you visit the Big Sink at the and Barstow newspapers. Bottom of America, by all means read this • • • book. Drawing and painting are hobbies Honoring Mary Beal of Daggett, IT'S A MAN'S BOOK with Charles Keetsie Shirley, Navajo California, desert botanist and nature BUT WOMEN BUY MORE COPIES artist who illustrated John Mitchell's lover and frequent contributor to Des- Authentic, factual, human interest stories "Lost Mine with the Iron Door" for of colorful characters who lived, loved and ert Magazine, a Nature Trail was dedi- lied one day at a time. this issue of Desert Magazine. They cated in June at Mitchell's Caverns, have been profitable hobbies, and Stories of fortunes made or lost over- 23 miles northwest of Essex, Califor- night. Daring men. Girls "beautiful but many of this talented Indian artist's nia. Miss Beal's story, "They Like a damned." Romance and revelry. Ghost water color paintings have been sold Rocky Terrain," appears in this issue. towns. Lost mines. Delightful rascals and throughout the Southwest. the tall tales of far horizons. The caverns, situated at an eleva- Keetsie is an engineering draftsman tion of more than 4000 feet on the AN OUTSTANDING GIFT BOOK with the Indian Service Irrigation Di- east face of the Providence Mountains, At better book stores everywhere. $3.85. vision in Phoenix, Arizona. He and present a wide variety of desert flora California buyers add 11 cents sales tax. his family live in the small town of in an attractive and easily accessible Published by Goodyear, 18 miles west of Phoenix. setting. THE DESERT MAGAZINE PRESS Keetsie spends much of his free Palm Desert, California time painting, drawing and clay model- A plaque and cairn, dedicating the ing with his three children. Two still are in elementary school, and the old- est boy, 16, attends Litchfield High ASK YOUR CONTRACTOR ABOUT "PRECISION BUILT" School. "The baby of the family, my nine-year-old daughter, takes great de- light in drawing with her left hand," RED CINDER BLOCKS reports her father. With three active youngsters in the family, Mrs. Shirley You'll have year has plenty to do keeping house. around comfort The Shirleys have lived for the past with 10 years in communities composed of two or more races of people, generally "Precision Built" with a white majority. They do not RED CINDER OR miss the Indian reservation, and all of them have become adjusted to the PUMICE BLOCKS cultural patterns and accustomed to the conveniences and comforts of mod- Homes of Distinction ern living. • • • PLANS AVAILABLE Eighty-five-year-old Charles Battye, More DESERT CINDER BLOCKS FOR pioneer resident of Needles, California, House DESERT HOMES is a true desert old-timer. Battye, author of this month's Life- For TRANSIT MIXED CONCRETE CO. on-the-Desert contest story, was born Your 3464 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena 8 December 15, 1867, in the West Rid- RYAN 1-6329 or Corona Phone 1340 ing of Yorkshire, England. He came to M

JULY, 1952 35 NEW LOW PRUDES!

By LELANDE QUICK, Editor of The Lapidary Journal

In a new application of the old adage the deep winter. These are usually financed that "it's an ill wind that blows nobody by a hard working group, raising money by good," it will come as news to many that raffles when they could finance it much ABOVE ILLUSTRATION SHOWS the rockhound hobby in California is being better with legal race track funds. 1—Poly D-12 Arbor $19.95 helped by the gambling interests. Each We often wonder why societies have to 2—Cast Splash Shields 15.00 year there are new county fairs being es- struggle along financially at all. The chief tablished and the old fairs get bigger and I—100 Grit Wheel 7.25 reason is that almost all of them charge better. They get bigger, better and more the ridiculous sum of $2.00 a year for dues 1—220 Grit Wheel 8.25 numerous because the state has a lot of just because the first societies, born in the 1—Dresser Rest 2.25 money to hand over to the counties for depression, charged that much. No society 1—Jig Block Diamond Dresser 9.50 fairs and that money comes from the state's can offer much over the period of a whole share of the race track proceeds, amounting 2—Galvanized Splash Pans 5.50 year in programs and coffee for a little to millions each year. sum like $2.00. Back in the '30s coffee was Much of the state money is given as a quarter a pound and now it's up to nearly $67.70 a dollar. Dues in societies should be at ALL ABOVE ITEMS—$59.95 premiums for displays of things made by the local citizenry. These prizes range all least $10.00 a year and then the treasury would have ample funds to offer speakers, VISIT OUR STORE the way from a first prize of $2.00 for the enough money for gasoline, dinner and TO SEE AND BUY best fudge to $55.00 for the best faceted shelter when they travel long miles with a HIGHLAND PARK E-10. E-12. E-20 stones (in San Diego County). That there are not more mineral and gem displays at message, instead of an unsubstantial "thank GEM CUTTING UNITS you for coming tonight." county fairs is probably the fault of the ALL MINERALITE FLUORESCENT LAMPS societies and individuals within the county. To come back to the fairs—there has GEMMASTER UNITS The Los Angeles County fair is reported been a tremendous awakening of interest BY LAP. EQUIPMENT CO. to be the largest in America and its at- among the citizens of the counties where tendance tops any mark set by any state their fairs feature mineral and gem exhibits Heavy 18" Rhodium Plated Sterling Silver fair. The investment in buildings and of man's oldest art and America's fastest Neck Chains—2 for $1.00. $4.50 per dozen equipment runs into millions. We under- growing hobby. And it is good to know plus 20% Federal Tax and Postage. stand that a separate building is being that much of the expense in fostering this planned for gem and mineral exhibits alone. idea comes from the money bet at the race FLUORESCENT BONANZA —Four pounds But the best organized gem and mineral track. So next time you bet $10 to win on of brilliant fluorescent specimens of Ca- section of any fair is the one sponsored by Hobby the Second and he doesn't even the county of San Diego. This is one of show, gather a little comfort from the nadian Wernerite, Texas Phosphorescent thought that hobby horses and hobby crafts Calcite. Franklin Willemite. Atolia Schee- the neatest and most educational fairs we have ever attended. Their premium list are nearer than you think. lite Spud, and small slab rare Calcium- this year for gems and minerals is $1200. A cursory examination of the premium Larsenite. All for only $2.00. Add post- Much of this is offered for displays of San lists of several fairs indicates that the pres- age for 6 lbs. Diego county minerals and gems only and ent set-up has many weaknesses. Without all of it is offered to county residents solely having any individual in mind at all it be- Faceted Round Gems —as it should be. comes apparent that the man with the big- of Synthetic Several years ago the San Diego Mineral gest pocketbook in the county can easily and Gem Society set the pattern for the assemble the best mineral exhibit and cop TITANIA display and brought much of the equip- the first cash prize every year by showing have five times more ability than the ment from the famous Kipp shop to show the same bunch of rocks, while the lapi- dary has to earn his money by his skill. Diamond to break light into its component the public how it was done. When the San Diego Lapidary Society was organized they He too can show the same prize-winning colors producing a magnificent rainbow too greatly helped to develop the lapidary faceted stones every year until he comes effect. display to its present high standard so that to have a monopoly on first prize money because his collection gets bigger and bigger SEND FOR FREE PRICE LIST describing now the San Diego County Fair (opening this year on June 27 and extending through through the years. The San Diego Fair has TITANIA RAINBOW JEWELRY July 6 at Del Mar) has the best working given thought to this problem by having a lapidary exhibit of any show in the coun- special class for exhibitors who have never OTHER SERVICES OFFERED try; better by far than any we have seen before had an exhibit of their work at any JEWELRY REPAIR SERVICE at any society or Federation affair. The previous fair. Another feature we like result is that probably the citizenry of no about the San Diego deal is that any San GEM STONE CUTTING Diego County citizen may exhibit his col- GEM CUTTING EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS other county is as well informed about what rockhounding is all about as are the citi- lection without entering any class or enter- AND SUPPLIES zens of San Diego County. ing in competition with anyone. JEWELRY MAKING TOOLS AND MATERIALS MINERAL SPECIMENS It seems to us then that any little society We are not familiar with the fair program anywhere in California, usually without in other states but rockhounds everywhere FLUORESCENT LAMPS, GEIGER COUNTERS funds and usually bankrupted by even a should find out just what provision is made URANIUM SAMPLES, FLUORESCENT little show, should immediately approach for the display of their collections to the MINERALS their own county authorities and see that public at the fairs in their particular state. FIELD TRIP GUIDE BOOKS they are allowed to have their annual show In Arizona there is a fine provision for the Send for Free 32 Page in a place provided with free rent and dis- youngsters. A highly mineralized state has play cases and adequate protection, where made its students gem and mineral con- Complete Price List the greatest number of people can come to scious by offering high schools prizes for see what they are doing. As the gravy train the best collections of Arizona materials. rolls by all the California rockhounds ought The result of this is that the present gen- to swing aboard. eration of Arizona young people is probably GRIEGER'S There are so many gem and mineral the best informed group of young people 1633 East Walnut Street shows now that hardly a week end passes about mineral resources of any state group that one is not scheduled somewhere in in the country for every high school every Pasadena 4. Calif.—Phone Sycamore 6-6423 California except in the deep summer and year enters a mineral exhibit.

36 DESERT MAGAZINE A geological or mineralogical book will be reviewed at each meeting of Dona Ana County, New Mexico, Rockhounds, Mrs. Sara Swartz, chairman of the library com- mittee, announced in May. Bulletins cf other clubs will be placed in the club li- brary and will be available to members at any time, said Mrs. Swartz. • • • BULLETIN OFFERS TIPS JULY 26, 27 DATES FOR Senior rockhounds of Coachella Valley FOB FLUORESCENT DISPLAY LONG BEACH MINERAL SHOW Mineral Society, California, traveled to "Experimentation has shown that the Long Beach Mineral and Gem Society Arizona to search for green petrified wood 'tubelight' black lights made to illuminate will hold its first show in two years July in the Dome Plain area. Excellent speci- colored sign boards will cause rocks which 26 and 27 at Sciots Hall, Sixth and Alamitos, mens were found by Dorothy Faulhaber react to a long wave cold light to fluoresce," Long Beach, California. Plans were made and Jane Walker. reports the Rear Trunk, monthly bulletin at the May meeting, after a program dis- of Nebraska Mineral and Gem Club. "Most cussion of telluride minerals. of the calcites and fluorites will give good results." GEMS THE WORLD *OVER Does Everything. The Nebraska club's editors suggest that SPECIAL SHOW FEATURE i9 j. > * mineral collectors anxious to have fluores- Four famous collections of gems, show- cent displays obtain one of these lights, ing "Gems the World Over," will be on then test its effect on various rocks to select exhibit at Whittier Gem and Mineral So- specimens for exhibit. ciety's Rockhound Show September 6 to 7 Among minerals which react to long at Smith Memorial Hall, College and Pick- wave light are: calcite from New Jersey, ering Avenues, Whittier, California. Dis- California, Texas, Arizona and Wyoming; play sections will be devoted to the ele- fluorite from California and Ohio; cole- ments, lapidary arts, junior collections and manite from Death Valley; argenite from dealers' equipment. Pennsylvania; adamite from Mexico; au- tunite from New Hampshire; wernerite MIDWEST FEDERATION from Canada; semi-opal from Nevada; READY FOR JULY SHOW sweetwater agate from Wyoming; petrified Minnesota Mineral Club and Minnesota wood from Nebraska, South Dakota, Wy- Geological Society are completing arrange- oming and Utah. ments for the 1952 convention and exhibi- "Rocks of any variety from the Black tion of the Midwest Federation of Minera- Hills and eastern Wyoming region that have logical Societies. The show will be held a white coating on them will react favor- July 1 to 3 at Macalester College, St. Paul, w ably with a brown-to-orange color," the Minnesota. bulletin concludes. • • • Mineral Minutes, edited by Fern and YOUNGEST FEDERATION Olin Brown, describes a project carried on PLANS CONVENTION, SHOW by the Colorado Mineral Society in con- Eastern Federation of Mineralogical and junction with the Denver Y.W.C.A. At HILLQUIST' Lapidary Societies, youngest of the regional the youth organization's One World Fiesta, 'without motor. federations, will hold its second annual con- the mineral society arranged a display of COMPARE! vention and gem and mineral show October 20 minerals selected by the society as being • Put the Hillquist Gemmaster beside any lapidary 9 to 11 at the Essex House in Newark, New most representative of the state of Colorado. machine — cheaper, flimsy "gadgets" or units that Jersey. Co-hosts will be the Newark Min- Another collection presented specimens sell at twice the price. Compare construction! Com- eralogical Society, the Newark Lapidary from noted mineral locations the world over. pare ease of operation! Compare how much you Society and the North Jersey Mineralogical • • • get for your money and you'll say, "I'll take the Society. Arizona travel slides, picturing Tomb- Gemmaster!" • • • stone, Salt River Canyon, the Grand Can- Here is a worthy companion for our larger and Detailing the gem cutting process from yon, Jerome, Cottonwood, Oak Creek Can- more expensive Hillquist Compact Lapidary Unit. initial sawing to faceting and final polish- yon, Sedona, Painted Desert and Monte- Tho smaller in size, the Hillquist Gemmaster has ing. Scott Cook addressed a Los Angeles zuma Well, were projected by Photographer many of the same features. It's all-metal with spun Mineralogical Society audience on "Dia- Joe Noggle for the Yavapai Gem and Min- aluminum tub. You get a rugged, double-action rock mond and Gem Cutting." Differences be- clamp, not a puny little pebble pincher. You get a eral Society, Prescott, Arizona. Noggle full 3" babbitt sleeve bearing and ball thrust bear- tween popular cuts—round, emerald, ba- also showed close-ups of various cactus ing. You get a big 7 Super Speed diamond saw guette and marquise—were explained. blossoms. and all the equipment you need to go right to work. USES ALL ACCESSORIES You can use all the regular Hillquist accessories with the Gemmaster: The Hillquist Facetor, Sphere Went /it* Cutters, Laps, Drum and Disc Sanders, etc. WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG Ifwe've Seen TcOMmTE~REAdffo"vSE! YOUGETAU Petrified Wood, Moss Agate, Chrysocolla Turquoise, Jade and Jasper Jewelry

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JULY, 1952 37 AMONG THE ADVERTISING RATE G E 111 m A R T 8c a Word . . . Minimum $1.00 ROCK HUNTERS

VERMICULITE: The rock that pops like pop- CABINET SPECIMENS size (4x3x2y2 or larger) Last meeting of the season for Colorado corn when heated. Educational and enter- minerals sent postpaid for $2.00 each. Molyb- taining for the Kiddies. Generous sample denite (N. J. rare); Allanite in Pegmatite Mineral Society was a banquet and "fun $1.00 postpaid. Large specimens of Asbestos (N. Y.); Montville Serpentine (N. J.); Fluor- night." Movies and slides of society field and Vermiculite for collectors $1.00 each escent Calcite-Willemite (N. J.); Emery (N. trips were shown, and members were in- postpaid. All three of above offers $2.50 post- Y.); Graphite (N. Y.); Arsenopyrite (N. Y.). paid. Box 907, Libby, Montana. Rare Metals Co., 43-32 Elbertson St., Elm- vited to display rock cutting gadgets and hurst 73, New York. lapidary tricks. Highlight of the evening's 105 DIFFERENT MINERAL SPECIMENS $4.50. entertainment was a hat parade, in which Carefully selected. Makes a valuable aid in helping identify and classify your findings HEXAGONITE: Crystalline brilliant lavender, members modeled homemade millinery or makes a wonderful gift. Boxed and labeled. Smaragdite, deep green. Golden Asbestos, trimmed with favorite rock specimens. 70 different $3.00, 35 different $1.50. Add Piedmontite, Tourmaline, one inch, each 25c, postage. Coast Gems and Minerals, 11669 5 for $1.00, 2 inch each 50c, 5 for $2.00, post- • • • Ferris Road, El Monte, California. paid. When in Reno phone 20231. Frey, Box 0350. Reno, Nevada. Gem Collector's Club of Seattle met ATTENTION ROCK COLLECTORS. It will pay recently to hear Speaker Sheldon L. Glover you to visit the Ken-Dor Rock Roost. We buy, HAVE FEW CRYSTALS or Fairy Crosses (Sta- tell about the mineral industry of Wash- sell, or exchange mineral specimens. Visitors molites). Very interesting. Sizes from V2 ington. are always fcwelcome. Ken-Dor Rock Roost, inch to 2 inch. Crossed at 60 and 90 degree 419 Sutter, Modesto, California. angles, some twinned. Crystalized in octa- • • • hedrons. Single crystals, no crosses, 50c each. Indian axes, arrowheads, hammers, pot- MINERAL SETS: 24 Colorful Minerals (identi- Single with small twinned crystal $1.50 to tery and other artifacts from his private fied) in lxl compartments, $3.25 postpaid. $2.00 each. Crosses of 60 degrees $5.00, if PROSPECTOR'S SET — 50 minerals (identi- twinned $7.00. Good crosses 90 degrees (rare) collection were shown by Herbert R. Rol- fied) in lxl compartments in cloth reinforced, $10.00 to SI 2.00 each. Paul Broderick, Pray, lins to members of the Yavapai County sturdy cartons, So.50 postpaid. Elliott Gem Montana. Shop, 235 East Seaside Blvd. LOUR Beach 2, Archeological Society, Prescott, Arizona. California. HONEY ONYX: Beautifully banded. Mine run Rollins first became interested in Indian or cut as desired. Special prices to dealers. cultures while a boy in Buffalo, New York. PEANUT PITCHSTONE (Alamasitei — Mexico's Cubes from select material cut for making • • • oddest semi-precious stone, for polishing or spheres, 4" cube, wt. 6V2 lbs. at $4.00 each. collecting, 3-lb. chunk $5 postpaid. Or, Rock- 5" cube wt. 12 V2 lbs. at $6.00 each. 6" cube Clear Creek, 129 miles from Palo Alto, hound special, 1-lb. fragments $1. Also Flor wt. 21 '/2 lbs. at $9.00 each. You pay shipping California, was the destination of a field de Amapa (pink crystallized edidote) rare. cost. Onyx Ranch, Box 184, Murray, Utah. Same prices. Alberto E. Maas, Alamos So- trip group from the Gem and Mineral nora, Mexico. Send checks only. Society of San Mateo County. The route STOP—LOOK—BUY—Specimens, slabs — rough, was mapped by Field Trip Director Lloyd ROCKHOUNDS, ARCHEOLOGISTS and collec- from A. L. Jarvis, 1051 Salinas Road, Watson- tors of Indian relics are discovering that ville, California. On Salinas Highway, State Underwood. Southern Utah is a rewarding section to visit. No. 1, 3 miles South of Watsonville. • • • Write for free folder. Ranch Lodge Motel Kanab, Utah. FOR SALE: Beautiful purple Petrified Wood George Green, home from a three-month with Uranium, Pyrolusite, Manganite. Nice trip to Mexico, told Tacoma Agate Club SELENITE SPECIMENS: 6 Selenite XLS, 1 sample $1.00. Postage. Maggie Baker, Wen- members of his vacation experience. He specimen Selenite cleavage, pearl white, 1 den, Arizona. satin lustre Selenite, black, 1 specimen satin displayed Mexican and Arizona crystals luster gray, all 4 for $3.50. Beautiful speci- BERYL CRYSTALS. Columbite, Tantalite, Pur- and several fluorescent rocks found on col- mens. Jack The Rock Hound, P. O. Box 86, purite, Andalusite Crystals, Rose Quartz, lecting side trips. Carbondale, Colorado. Hell's Canyon Agates. Mac-Mich Minerals Co., Custer, So. Dakota. • • • AUSTRALIAN OPAL CABS: $5.00 and $10.00 Larry Cassingham spoke on "Radioactive each. Small but beautiful, every stone a gem. "TUNGSTEN PROSPECTORS," Fluorescent Col- Ores" when he appeared before San Fer- A beautiful cultured pearl for your collection lectors. Mineralights at Superior Gems & $5.00. Ace Lapidary, Box 67D, Jamaica, N. Y. Minerals, 4665 Park Blvd., San Diego 16, nando Valley Mineral and Gem Society, North Hollywood, California. The stones 20 ASSORTED COLORFUL 2x3 cabinet speci- California. Write for free literature. mens. Good for a beginner or to add to your of the month, synthetic ruby and sapphire, present collection. This beautiful selection "DON'T MISS" Fine rough gems, Minerals, Sil- were discussed by Samuel Sklarew. only $8.00 postpaid. L. M. Jones. Box 56, ver and Lapidary supplies at Superior Gems Bell Gardens, California. & Minerals, 4665 Park Blvd. San Diego 16, • • • California. (Sorry, no lists.) E. V. Van Amringe, head of the depart- AZURITE NODULES: Various sizes 15 to 30 ment of physical science at Pasadena City stones $5.00 lb. Sawed open make beautiful RADIOACTIVE ORE COLLECTION: 6 wonder- College, Pasadena, California, annually specimens, also used in earrings. Specimen ful different specimens in neat Redwood chest, grade Chrysocolla $2.50 lb., part cabochon $2.00. Pretty Gold nugget, $1.00, four nug- leads a group of his geology students on a material. All stones sent postpaid. Money week-long field trip. This year the party refunded if not pleased. Nolan D. Terrill, gets, $2.00, choice collection 12 nuggets, $5.00. Box 1856, Globe, Arizona. Uranium Prospectors, Box 604, Stockton, Calif. visited Southern California and parts of Arizona. Van Amringe told about the trek FIFTY MINERAL SPECIMENS, %-in. or over, ARIZONA PERIDOTS: Gathered by Apache In- boxed, identified, described, mounted. Post- at a recent meeting of the Mineralogical dians on San Carlos reservation. Finest yel- Society of Southern California. On display low, green, cutting up to 3 carats. Facet paid $4.00. Old Prospector, Box 729 Lodi, grade. 2 oz. for $5.00. Postpaid and tax in- California. were various specimens collected enroute. cluded. Money refunded if not pleased. Also • • • cut stones. Luther L. Martin, Box 1922, Globe, BRAZILIAN AGATE MARBLES $1.00 each. Arizona. Onyx blanks, unpolished, black 25c each, red, Harold H. Hagen was installed president green, blue, 35c each. Perfect cut Titanium. of Santa Monica Gemological Society at MINERAL SPECIMENS and cutting material of Fine cutting and polishing at reasonable the twelfth annual dinner meeting in May. all kinds. Gold and Silver jewelry made to prices. Prompt attention to mail orders. Speaker for the evening's program was Dr. order. Your stones or ours. 5 lbs. good cut- Juchem Bros., 315 West 5th St., Los Angeles ting material $4.00 or $1.00 per lb. J. L. 13, California. William Easton of the University of South- James, Battle Mountain, Nevada. ern California. Dr. Easton's subject was LARGE STOCK of rocks, relics, antiques, re- "A Geologist Looks at Death Valley." WANT RAW OPALITE? Send me uncut fire leased for sale. 5 miles east of Banning, Cali- Agates in trade for a sizeable piece or so. fornia on highway 93, Cabazon, California. • • • Alfred Cadwalader, Corbin, Kansas. First field trip of the new season for SELLING OUT—fine large rock and mineral Minnesota Mineral Club was scheduled in NEW STOCK OF MONTANA SAPPHIRES: My collection. Located one mile from Jamestown, May to the Louise Mine at Crosby-Ironton. Indian Sapphire miner just came in with a California, on Hwys 49 and 108 at the Wig- supply of beautiful Montana Sapphires. If wam. Forced to sell out as the highway left Members hoped to pick up a supply of vein you have not ordered your supply from my me. Twin Pines Trailer Court, Box 78, James- Binghamite and some cutting agate. previous ads, I advise you to do so now. As town, California. you all know this Montana Sapphire is com- • • • pletely off the market, dealers are continu- SEE THEM GLOW: Enjoy your black light, flash Simple tests to identify ores and minerals ally writing to me asking for Sapphires, any it over Langtry fluorescent Calcite stones. were described by Dr. H. A. Quinn of kind, size, color or quality, price means noth- Really beautiful and unique. Just mail $1.00 ing now (they want Sapphires). But there to Charlie Schmaubert, Box 58, Langtry, Texas Western College when he returned are none to be had at any price. I have some Texas and receive our special one pound to the El Paso Mineral and Gem Society 3000 stones in this last haul. Better hurry specimen assortment. Shipped to you post- as guest speaker. and send in your order for a vial of at least paid. 40 stones for only $2.00. They won't last • • • long. Also have several pounds of the famous FIRE AGATES: In "Desert Roses" $1.50 post- John L. Flocken explained different Idaho Star Garnets. Sizes run from about 10 paid. (See April issue of Lapidary Journal). grams to 150 carats. Prices from $1.50 each Arlene Dimick, Box 1795, Clifton, Arizona. methods of making costume jewelry when to $15.00 for the largest ones and a large he appeared as guest speaker at a gem and one will cut several very large stones, are McSHAN'S GEM SHOP—open part time, or find lapidary division meeting of San Diego about the size of a walnut. Address all orders us by directions on door. Cholla Cactus Wood to K. O. Otoupalik, Sr., 640 River St., Missoula, a specialty, write for prices. 1 mile west on Mineral and Gem Society. Flocken dis- Montana. U. S. 66. Needles, California, Box 22. cussed both stones and mountings.

38 DESERT MAGAZINE METHODS OF ARCHEOLOGY A new charter recently was granted by Members of Sacramento Mineral Society DESCRIBED FOR AMATEURS the State of California to Orange Coast hunted for quartz Xls on a field trip to Mineral and Lapidary Society, organized Placerville, California. Archeological methods were outlined by five years ago in Costa Mesa, California. • • • David Wenner when he spoke at an archeo- Officers of the group are Ralph Best of logical section meeting of the Earth Science Caravan Chairman Ray Erickson of Ev- Costa Mesa, president; Rev. Andrews of erett Rock and Gem Club, Washington, Club of Northern Illinois. "First, one Anaheim, vice-president; Floyd Owings of should describe the location of his site as planned a May field trip to the Columbia Orange, treasurer, and Jennie Silkwood of River near Vantage. Members would hunt definitely as possible — with maps, land- Orange, secretary. Directors are Anna marks, natural features and a rough esti- for arrowheads and other Indian artifacts. Holditch and Roy Silkwood of Orange, • • • mate of size and distance relationships," Harold St. John and Carl Cowles of Santa said Wenner. "Material found should be Natural color slides of mineral specimens Ana, Anne Ford and Don Woods of Costa were shown by Scott Lewis at a general cleaned, marked, described and listed. Pot- Mesa, Perry Huddle of Huntington Beach sherds should be washed with brush and meeting of Whittier Gem and Mineral So- and Carl Englund of Fullerton. ciety, Whittier, California. water, but they should not be allowed to • • • dry in the sun. India ink, soluble in alco- Bruce Kramer demonstrated his method hol, is the best medium for numbering of polishing cabochons at a meeting of the specimens." Gem Cutters Guild, Los Angeles. Kramer • • • prefers slightly worn No. 220 and No. 320 Agate Jewelry Patrick's Point and Big Lagoon, Cali- sandpaper for grinding, and cerium oxide fornia, were explored by Humboldt Gem as polishing agent on a leather or felt buff. Wholesale and Mineral Society on a recent rockhunt- • • • Rings — Pendants — Tie Chains ing expedition. Forty-two members already are registered Brooches — Ear Rings • • • in the newly-organized Modoc Gem and Bracelets — Matched Sets Orin J. Bell, vice-president of East Bay Mineral Society of Alturas, California. —Send stamp for price list No. 1— Mineral Society and former president of President A. R. Close reports the young the California Federation of Mineralogical club is sponsoring weekly adult classes in Blank Mountings Societies, discussed the "Rise and Fall of mineral studies at Modoc High School. Rings — Ear Wires—Tie Chains the Sierras" for Northern California Min- • • • Cufi Links — Ne=k Chains eral Society members at a meeting in San At a recent meeting, after telling mem- Bezel — devices — Shanks Francisco. bers of the Western Nebraska Mineral So- Solder — Findings • • • ciety about quartz family minerals, Gordon —Send stamp for price list No. 2— At the annual May banquet of Washoe Brooks demonstrated use of his field min- Gem and Mineral Society, plans were made eralight. O. R. JUNKINS & SON for a field trip to the Pyramid Lake Indian • • • 440 N.W. Beach St. reservation. Members would hunt geodes, L. H. Murrell entertained the San Diego Newport, Oregon vesuvianite and calcite. Mineral and Gem Society with remarks • • • and colored slide pictures of Death Valley, San Diego Lapidary society traveled to the Calico Mountains and Arizona's Castle Laguna Dam. north of Yuma, Arizona, for Dome. Murrell has taken several rock trips ALTA INDUSTRIES New Address: geode hunting on a two-day field excursion. into these areas. Box 19, Laveen Stage, Phoenix, Arizona Looking for cutting material, members were • • • New Location: disappointed until someone remembered the After election returns were in. Captain South 19th Ave., Vi Mile North of Base Line LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT location was known not for cutting quality Harry A. Reed was congratulated as new Lapidary Equipment Manufacture & Design but for fluorescence. On later side-trips, President of Santa Cruz Mineral and Gem 16-18 inch Power Feed Slabbing Saw the San Diegans found petrified Ironwood, Society. Jack Moore is vice-president; Dora Belt Sanders & Trim Saws lead specimens, agates, small geodes and Anderson, secretary, and Hugh Baird, treas- (Send Postal for free literature) tluorite crystals. urer. • • • At a recent meeting of the Gem Cutters Guild of Los Angeles, C. A. Terry gave MINERALIGHT an illustrated lecture on "Inclusions in Crys- SL2537 tals of Gem Materials." it • • • FIND STRATEGIC MINERALS, HIDDEN WEALTH Participants in a Chicago Rocks and Minerals Society field excursion to the Lake WITH'ULTRA-VIOLET Geneva region of Wisconsin learned funda- mentals of geology from Dr. William E. All purpose lamp, operates on Powers, professor of geology at Northwest- 110V AC, weighs only 1 lb., $39.50 MINERALIGHT! ern University. Lake Geneva is an old MINERALIGHT instantly locates, identifies vital valley scoured deeper by the last glacial FIELD CASE minerals, saves hours of fruitless search. advance and blocked at each end with NO. 404 Invaluable for prospectors, miners, engineers and glacial drift. It presents an excellent text- hobbyists, MINERALIGHT helps you find tungsten, book for the study of the effect of glaciers uranium, mercury, zirconium—many other minerals Contains on the earth's development. special battery now being sought for use in vital preparedness work. • • • circuit lor MINERALIGHT LEARN TO RECOGNIZE VALUABLE MINERALS! Members of Compton Gem and Mineral SL 2537. Mineral sets, packaged in varied assortments, help you. Ultra- Club hoped to find jasper and jasp-agate Case holds violet MINERALIGHT rays show them in all their exciting colors. on a field trip to Lavic, California. Al Cook lamp, ^ batteries, Only $2.50 per set of 10 specimens, carefully packaged in was leader. built-in daylight viewer. $19.50 foam plastic. (Plus Bats. $4.50i Complete: SL 2537, 404 CASE, Special MINERALIGHT models for crime detec- BATS. $63.50 tion, entertainment, mineralogy and mining, and JEWELRY MOUNTINGS laboratory research. Bulletins available describing ultra-violet MINERALIGHT use in many fields and New Illustrated Catalog \ telling you how you can make extra money, enjoy 20c in stamps or coin MODEL The superb finish and fine craftsmanship M-12 an exciting hobby at the same time. See Your of Conley's Elkhead Lifetime Pattern in 3- Mineralight Dealer or Write Dept. SL 2-21 tone gold filled enables you to create ex- quisite jewelry equal to the finest profes- Completely sional shop. Other Conley mountings in self-contained, Gold Filled—Silver and Plate. Lowest Pos- battery operated, sible Prices Consistent with Quality — weighs only 3U lbs. ULTRA-VIOLET PRODUCTS, Inc. Insist on Conley Quality. $34.50 plus battery 145 Pasadena Avenue, South Pasadena, Calif. AVAILABLE AT ALL BETTER DEALERS EXTRA SPECIAL: Trinitite—the new mineral fused by the first atomic bomb blast at or write Alamogordo, New Mexico. Mounted in foam plastic and beautifully packaged. Still slightly THE CONLEY CO. radio-active but guaranteed harmless. Terrific collector's item at 25c. See your dealer. W. 715 Riverside Ave., Spokane, Wash. Ultra-Violet Products, Inc., South Pasadena, California

JULY, 1952 39 Unusual specimens of fluorescent barite SHADOW MOUNTAIN SOCIETY r>.i/nnton. DIAMOND BLADES were found recently near Glenwood Springs, ELECTS DON BUTTERWORTH L*' —/ """ "Treat yourself Lottie best" Colorado. Under long wave lamps, the specimens fluoresce a rich canary yellow Don Butterworth was elected president Itoy-Onty Super- SMlrt somewhat similar to the familiar wernerite. of Shadow Mountain Gem and Mineral SChd CbaiBtd tinned • • • Society at a recent meeting in Palm Des- $ 8.60 $ 7.bO 10.95 9.95 Bev Morant of Monrovia, California ert, California. Also named to the new 14.50 13.35 demonstrated to members of Pasadena board are Byron Phillips, vice-president; 21.20 17.65 Lapidary Society how they might save Mrs. Elizabeth Hollenbeck, recording sec- 27.95 24.45 31.20 27.70 money in their hobby. His topic was, retary; Mrs. Sam Cowling, corresponding 62.50 41.25 34.40 "Economy in the Lapidary Shop." secretary, and Mrs. Vera Lockwood, treas- 74.25 49.50 37.95 urer. Board advisors include Randall Hen- 88.80 62.60 48.95 • • • 142.50 119.75 State Mrs. Otto Sahn told of her father's min- derson and Lelande Quick, and directors 215.30 179.10 Arbor eral and lapidary hobbies at a meeting of are Margaret Ward, Omar Kerschner, tax in California. Size Nebraska Mineral and Gem Club. She Joseph Hughes, Ray Purvis, Jack Lizer, Allow for Postage and Insurance showed choice specimens from his collec- Esther Edixon, C. Grier Darlington, Mary tion. Ann Waher and James Carpenter. Covington Ball Bearing Grinder • • • • • • A 24-car field trip caravan bore members Seven cars carried collectors from Del- and shields are vers Gem and Mineral Society, Downey, furnished in 4 of Kern County Mineral Society to an agate location near California's Sheep Springs. California, to the Kramer Hills for a day sizes and price of rockhunting. Petrified palm and some ranges to suit The rockhounds came home with quantities of gem-quality cutting material. colorful jasper were found in gravel beds your require- of flat washes. ments. Water and • • • grit proof. Colored slides illustrated Dr. Owen D. • • • . Dwight's talk before members of Pasadena At a recent election, the Mineralogical COVINGTON 8" TRIM SAW Lapidary Society, Pasadena, California. Dr. Society of Arizona chose the following Dwight, a dentist, spoke on gold and silver slate of new officers: Floyd R. Getsinger, and motor are com- pact and do not jewelry casting. president; Charles E. Vanhook, vice-presi- splash. Save blades • • • dent; Carroll Mills, Jackson L. Clark, E. and clothing with R. Blakeley and C. Fred Burr, governors. this saw. Thirty-nine members and guests of Holly- wood Lapidary Society enjoyed a field ex- A secretary-treasurer will be appointed by cursion to Last Chance Canyon, California. the board. BUILD YOUR OWN LAP Petrified wood was found in abundance, • • • and SAVE with a COV- and a few lucky searchers came home with Although still in their first year, Pueblo INGTON 12" or 16" Lap jasper as well. Rockhounds already have outgrown their Kit. We furnish every- • • • former meeting place and now gather in thing you need. Send In the vast, 200-foot high Cathedral the Pueblo Woman's Clubhouse. Member- for free catalog. Room of Marvel Cave in Illinois, stands a ship has reached 46, and a junior depart- 53-foot stalagmite named the Liberty Bell. ment has been established. This and other features of the cave were • • • COVINGTON shown to Chicago Rocks and Minerals So- Are things a little dull and static around Multi-Feature ciety members by Owner Hugo Herschend 16" Lap Unit your society lately? Get your program chair- Doe9 and his son, Jack, who had taken colored man to get a local teacher of geology to everything slides of cave attractions. present a talk to you about the basic rocks for you. and you'll have an interesting and useful JASPER JUNCTION LAPIDARY evening I am sure. A representative display 490'JVi Eagle Rock Blvd. — CL. fi-2021 of common rocks could be arranged to COVINGTON 12" 14" 4 Los Angeles 41, California illustrate points. or 16" W • • • Power Feed Diamond WORK SHOP Installation of officers was scheduled to Saws 1112 Neola St. — CL. 6-7197 take place at the June dinner meeting of Los Angeles 41, California East Bay Mineral Society, Oakland, Cali- SAVE WE SPECIALIZE IN CUTTING BOOKENDS fornia. New president is Ivan W. Root. On BLADES Custom sawingfjtfifl polishing—24" saw his executive board are Ernest M. Stone, Slabs, bulk stone.JMineral Specimens vice-president; Mrs. Cassie Mae James, sec- Send for New Catalog, IT'S FREE Polished Specimens & Cabochons retary; Mrs. Sidney H. Smyth, treasurer, Machinery & Supplies and R. O. Wiechmann, director. President COVINGTON LAPIDARY SUPPLY We rent polishing machinery by the hour Root announces the first meeting of the Rediands, California INSTRUCTION AT NO EXTRA COST new club year will be held September 4. Call CL. 6-7197 for Appointment He succeeds retiring executive Rex Hawkin- son.

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EXCHANGE: Agate or other cutting Watt Kit-(5'/4" tube) $3.00 material, rough or polished, for good postage stamps. Special! i Watt Kit—(12" tube) $4.00 Satisfaction Guaranteed Enclose jull amount with order Equipment shipped postpaid RALPH E. MUELLER & SON 1000 E. Camelback Road C & H SALES COMPANY Phoenix, Arizona 2176 EAST COLORADO STREET PASADENA. CALIFORNIA

40 DESERT MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER DATE SET SAN JOSE LAPIDARIES minerals occur in many places in Inyo FOR SAN DIEGO SHOW SELECT YEAR'S OFFICERS County, but copper is recovered as a by- Fifteenth Annual Mineral and Gem Show William Nunes was elected president at product only. of San Diego Mineral and Gem Society will the May meeting of San Jose Lapidary So- be held September 27 and 28 at the society's ciety, San Jose, California. Assisting him permanent home in Spanish Village, Balboa with club duties next year will be Lester NEW-Sensational! GEIGER COUNTER Park, San Diego, California, announced Ellis, vice-president; Herbert Wagner, sec- 0 Paul Brown, president, at a recent meeting. retary, and A. B. Strong, treasurer. William "The SNOOPER LOW PRICE SOAQC One of the features of the exhibition will Fuller will edit the Lap Bulletin, society V5 be working demonstrations by members of monthly. ONLY *24 COMPLETE the club's lapidary classes. • • • Find a fortune in uranium with thil The San Diego group had a full schedule One of the highlights of the club season new, super-sensitive Geiger Counter. for Coachella Valley Mineral Society is the Get one for atom bomb defense. So small it fits in the palm of of activities for June. Colored movies of the hand or in the hip pocket, and yet more sensitive than many the harbor city were to be shown at the' annual barbecue at Salton Sea. Roast pig, large, expensive instruments. Weighs only 1 V4 lbs. Uses flash- corn, tomatoes, coffee and ice cream are on light battery. Low price includes earphone, radio active sample, general meeting; Joe Stetson would talk instructions. Sold with ironclad moneyback guarantee. about stone cutting and mountings to the this year's menu. ORDER YOURS TODAY -Send $5.00 with order or payment in full to save C.O.D. Write for fr«t catalog on treasure finders for gem and lapidary division; and lead was • • • gold, silver, etc. and larger, more elaborate Geiger Counters. up for study by the mineral resources di- CHALCOPYRITE IMPORTANT vision. The mineralogy division planned to tour the Alvarado Filteration Plant. CALIFORNIA COPPER ORE DEALER INQUIRIES PRECISION RADIATION INSTRUMENTS Chalcopyrite, a mineral mixture of cop- INVITED 2235 D S. LA BREA, LOS ANGELES 16, CAL. per and iron sulfide, is the most important Exhibits were arranged by two members ore mineral in California, reports the Min- of the Yavapai County Archeological So- eral Information Service of the California ciety to illustrate talks they gave at a recent Division of Mines. meeting. Alva Sims showed the arrowheads Chalcopyrite is brittle, brass-yellow in and spearpoints he had found near his color, of metallic luster and may be tar- Coast Gems and Minerals home town of Lawrenceburg, Tennessee, nished and irridescent. Its hardness and and Miss Emma Andres displayed examples specific gravity range from 3.5 to 4 and 4.1 of Indian baskets and pottery work. to 4.3, respectively. Small amounts of gold • • • and silver are always associated with Cali- SLABS fornia copper deposits. The May program of Dona Ana County 40 to 60 square inches—$2.00 Copper in California is mined by under- DON'T keep wondering what our slab as- Rockhound Club, Las Cruces, New Mex- ground methods employing vertical and in- sortment is like—instead, send $2.00 at ico, emphasized corundum. Alice Wollin clined shafts, drifts, crosscuts, and stopes. once and find out. You will receive a described the mineral; Mildred Sanders The Sierra Nevada deposits are narrow and piece of jade, tigereye, lapis, sagenite, listed locations; Mark Trumbo discussed palm, and at least 5 others, 40 to 60 sq. steep dipping veins; in Shasta County de- in.—1 to l>/2 lbs. formation, and Louise Trumbo outlined its posits are contained in veins and vein sys- CHUNK CUTTING MATERIAL—8 lbs. $2.00 commercial value. tems of variable dip or in massive replace- TITANIA • • • ment bodies. Deposits containing copper (Top quality white boule) Guaranteed— Twenty-one members of Humboldt Gem per carat—$8.00. and Mineral Society traveled to Crescent MEXICAN OPAL y4-lb. Honey & Cherry—No Fire $1.00 City, California where a new society was Vi-lb. Honey & Cherry—With Fire ... 4.00 organized. Guest speaker at the joint meet- 'A-lb. Specimen opal in matrix 1.00 ing was a representative from the Eureka Opal in matrix—for cabochons, ea 25 weather bureau. Clear opal for faceting, ea 50 • • • Precious Rough Facet Material Building plans are being discussed by '/4-lb. Precious Topaz, mine run $1.50 '/i-lb. Amethyst (for cabs. & small Victor Valley Gem and Mineral Club which facet) 1.00 recently purchased property on Highway y4-lb. Amethyst (for faceting), Mex... 5.00 66, one mile south of Victorville, California. Vi-lb. Peridot, mine run, Ariz 3.00 ALLEN 'A-lb. Kunzite, mine run, (Pala, Cal.) 1.50 With a frontage of 150 feet and a depth of Vi-lb. Sunstone 3.00 250 feet, the lot will accommodate a club JUNIOR GEM CUTTER 10-gram Garnet, (Mex.) 3.00 house as well as other future additions. The club is planning a series of rummage A Complete Lapidary Shop Sale on Over-Stocked Minerals $10.00 to $12.00 worth specimens for $5.00 and scrap sales and other fund-raising Only $43.50 Our choice. State price range you desire events. • Ideal for apartment house dwellers. such as — 5c to 25c—25c to 50c—50c to $1 • Polish rocks into beautiful gems. $1 to $2 each, etc. • Anyone can learn. Satisfaction Guaranteed • Instructions included. Equipment — Mountings & Findings NEW CATALOGS AVAILABLE Supplies If you want Choice Cutting Material, Fine & Write for Catalog, 25c Send for Our Circular Today Rare Materials, Geiger Counters, Miner- Please add postage to all orders. If not alights, Books, Trim Saws, Fluorescents, ALLEN LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT a dealer, add 20% Fed. Tax. to slabs, pre- Ores, Gems, Ring Mounts, or advice, write cious rough and faceted stones. California to ... COMPANY — Dept. D sales tax. MINERALS UNLIMITED 3632 W. Slauson Ave.. Los Angeles 43. Cal. 11669 Ferris Road—El Monte, Calif. 1724 University Ave., Berkeley 3, California Phone Axminster 2-6206 FOrest 8-7551

"You'll love" CONLEY MOUNTINGS Beautiful, enduring, easy setting Write for FREE catalog WHOLESALE & RETAIL DISTRIBUTORS SUPERIOR GEMS & MINERALS BEFORE YOU BUY 4665 Park Blvd. San Diego 16, California SEND FOR OUR BIG FREE CATALOG The world-famous HILLQUIST LINE o( lapidary equipment FAMOUS TEXAS PLUMES LAPIDARY EQUIP. CO. IMS W. 49 ST., SEATTLE 7. WASH Red Plume, Pom Pom and many other types of agate. Slabs on approval. Rough agate, 8 lb. mixture postpaid, $5.00. Price list on request. WOODWARD RANCH 17 miles So. on Hwy 118 Box 453. Alpine. Texas

JULY, 1952 41 Qu5t Uetu/een you and Met

By RANDALL HENDERSON

ARLY IN May, Cyria and I spent a week in Death Since his illness, Scotty has made his home in the Valley. Thanks to the courtesy of Monument Castle where Mr. and Mrs. Ringe, the managers, take 5 Superintendent Ray Goodwin, we found comfort- good care of him. Before that, Scotty preferred the seclu- able lodging in a little cabin in Cow Creek Village where sion of a little cabin over the hill a mile and half away. our neighbors were the park rangers and other employes There were too many tourists—"damned emigrants" he of the National Park Service who administer this 1,600,- calls them—around the Castle to suit him. Now he is 000-acre recreational area. available only by appointment—but he always welcomes Death Valley is a fantastic place—rugged, colorful, old friends, and while his feet are a little unsteady, his virile. And it seems to have attracted that kind of people. mind is keen and he takes an eager interest in all that We are all familiar with many of the names—William goes on. Lewis Manly, Jacob Breyfogle, Zabriskie, Borax Smith, * * * Pete Aguereberry, Panamint Tom, Dennis Searles, Shorty Harris—and many others. We stopped at the old Pete Aguereberry mine where Ambroise Aguereberry, nephew of Pete, has carried on But the pioneers of Death Valley are not all of the since his uncle's death in 1945. Ambroise has leased the past. Many of them are living today—men and women old mine dump for re-working, and charges visitors a who have been willing to forego the luxuries of urban small fee for taking them through the old mine tunnels. life for the freedoms, and the problems, of frontier living. We met some of them on this trip. One of Pete's last requests was that his body be laid * * * to rest on top the Panamint ridge where he had built a trail for sight-seers—Aguereberry Point it is called. Since One of them is Agnes Reid, a kindly, competent Pete had built the original trail at his own expense, Ray woman whose Panamint Springs resort in upper Panamint Goodwin recommended that the request be granted. But Valley along the Towne Pass entrance road to Death higher authorities in the Park Service ruled against it, Valley is so clean and orderly it is a delight to stop there. with the explanation that "National Monuments are not Her little wayside hostelry nestles among the trees of a to be used for cemetery purposes." lovely oasis—and her nearest postoffice is Lone Pine, 55 In most instances, I am in accord with the policies miles away. of the Park Service. But in this instance 1 think they were * * * wrong, for Pete Aguereberry was one of the finest of the At Stove Pipe Wells we met another courageous old school of men who pioneered in Death Valley. woman—Peg Putnam, who, since the death of her hus- * * * band in 1949, has been carrying the responsibilities of the Stove Pipe Wells hotel alone. She maintains a power The real pioneers of Death Valley, of course, were plant for light and air-cooling, hauls spring water in tank the Shoshones. Just why any tribe of Indians would have trucks for her guests—and despite the problems of main- selected this arid region as a home is an unanswered taining guest cottages and a dining room in this remote question. The Hopis in northern Arizona did the same place, is a gracious hostess to all who come. thing. * # * Perhaps they came here for freedom and independ- Motoring along the floor of Death Valley we met Ted ence, to avoid the competition and the warfare with other Ogston, chief park ranger, with a pick-up truck gathering tribesmen in places where the natural food supply was up the beer cans and debris which invariably mark the more bountiful. trail of the litterbug. Fortunately, there are always human beings who will Ray Goodwin, superintendent of the Monument, told do that—to whom peace and independence are more me that the vandals and litterbugs are the cause of most important than lush living. Otherwise, the Southwest of the headaches in the park service in Death Valley. desert would not be as densely populated as it is today. The rangers have had to replace the "Badwater" sign The patriarch of the Death Valley Indians is Johnny which marks the 279.6-foot below sea level point in Shoshone, now in his nineties. Johnny hobbles about Death Valley six times—due to vandalism. with the help of two canes, and spends much of his time * * * loitering around the Furnace Creek Ranch service sta- At the Castle I found Death Valley Scotty—now 80 tion where there often are tourists who will pay him fifty years of age—hobbling around with a cane but otherwise cents or a dollar for the privilege of taking his picture. none the worse for the foot disorder which sent him to All of which is evidence that Johnny Shoshone has the hospital in Las Vegas, Nevada, for nine weeks last adapted himself to the white man's civilization. And for fall. that, more power to him.

42 DESERT MAGAZINE "pickaback tadpoles," "the caterpil- lar who wouldn't grow up," "the ob- stetrical toad," "the caterpillar who pretends he's been eaten"—these are a few of the curious animals, birds, fish and insects which inhabit the well- illustrated text. Each has a "Believe It or Not" fascination plus genuine HE DISCOVERED TRANQUILITY Professor Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr., natural history value. DURING SOJOURN ON DESERT of Harvard University has done an ex- Several devices are employed by Perhaps the finest thing the reader cellent job of revision, bringing the nature to protect its creatures. The can learn from Joseph Wood Krutch's material up to date with all the recent The Desert Year is that the wonders of developments in mineralogy. In addi- Ceylonese walking leaf's amazing cam- Nature are best savored when they tion to descriptions of additional min- ouflage fools its enemies from the time seep into consciousness gradually. Mr. erals, a simpler nomenclature and a it is an egg in a shriveled seed-like Krutch did not go to the desert armed revised chapter on chemical mineral- shell to its emergence as an adult in with scientific tomes on its flora and ogy, Professor Hurlbut has added a a body shaped and veined in perfect fauna nor obviously did he tour its new introductory chapter which will replica of a leaf. The rattlesnake's vastness with guide book in hand. His be particularly useful to the beginner. warning signal and the porcupine's first trips into the great Southwest des- In it, he outlines the scope, purposes spiny anatomy often save these ani- ert aroused delighted interest and and practical applications of the sci- mals from battle. The Gila monster growing appreciation of that bemused ence. stores food in its tail for emergency "spell" which seems to grip many city Dana's Manual of Mineralogy be- use in a land where forage is scarce. dwellers when they first roam its sun longs on every amateur collector's Speed, sight and smell are protective drenched distances. bookshelf. 530 pages, numerous charts, endowments of the bald eagle, the liz- During a 15-month stay he became diagrams and halftone illustrations of ard and the yucca moth, respectively. acquainted one by one with the des- specimens, $6.00. Nature's Ways is a book with per- ert plants and animals. His scientific • • • manent appeal for young and old. It background led him to philosophize BOOK TELLS HOW NATURE is especially recommended for school on the ways in which the desert dwel- TAKES CARE OF ITS OWN children interested in learning more lers had adapted themselves to an "To me," writes Roy Chapman about the more unusual of the earth's environment that would support only Andrews in the introduction to Na- inhabitants. forms of life which could exist in heat ture's Ways, "one of the most fascin- Each of the 140 animals described and sun and with little water. ating aspects of nature is the way it is illustrated by either a black-and- However, Mr. Krutch does not like equipped every creature to withstand white photograph or a full-color paint- to say that "this animal or even this enemies and to obtain the necessities ing by Nature Artist Andre Durenceau. plant has become adapted to desert of life." In his new book, Dr. Andrews Published by Crown Publishers, New conditions. Let us say rather that they gives nature lovers a comprehensive York; 206 pages; index. $3.75. have all shown courage and ingenuity presentation of natural adaptation for in making the best of the world as survival. • • • they found it." Could human beings "The crab who uses hand grenades," Books reviewed on this page are available at learn a more valuable lesson? "the fish with the built-in bifocals," Desert Crafts Shop, Palm Desert That the "best" of the desert flora and fauna is a very good best, Mr. Krutch learned gently and gradually. A true-to-life story of the Navajos . . . He went to the desert with friendly interest and curiosity and let each plant, each animal, each superlative sunset, the silent vastness, minister to PEOPLE OF THE EARTH his spirit. Possibly nothing is more By EDWIN CORLE needed by harassed humanity today A gripping novel of the Navajo people — and the problems than this very ministering to the spirit. they face in seeking to adjust themselves to the white man's civilization. Published by William Sloane Asso- Edwin Corle, long a student of Navajo life, has given a vivid revelation ciates, Inc., 119 West 57th St., New of the conflict that goes on today in the heart of every Navajo who York 19, New York. Pen and ink leaves the reservation to attend school—a conflict in which economic sketches by Rudolf Freund. 270 pp. necessity has virtually forced every Indian to compromise between $3.75. the traditional life and religion of his ancestors, and the social and economic demands of the world that surrounds him. COMPLETELY REVISED DANA The first edition of People on the Earth, published in 1937 has long BOON TO MINERALOGISTS been out of print. In 1950 a second edition limited to 1500 copies in For more than 100 years, students, an attractive format was printed — and only a few of these remain collectors and geologists have used available. James D. Dana's Manual of Mineral- ogy to describe, classify and correlate mineral species. First published in 1848, the book has traveled through $5.00 postpaid 15 printings. A new, completely re- vised 16th edition was released April Palm Desert, California 1 by John D. Wiley and Sons, pub- lishers.

JULY, 1952 43 INDIANS • ARCHEOLOGY • LOST TREASURE Here is a selected list of Southwestern books which are recommended for your vacation reading this summer—books which will give you a better understanding of the great Desert Land of the Southwest. Al ACOMA, Mrs. Wm. T. Sedgwick. Story of the A22 THE NAVAJO, Dorothea Leighton and Clyde Indians in New Mexico's Sky City. Based on Kluckhohn. What are the Navajo today? How diaries, archeological notes of Bandelier, Pewkes, do they live together and with other races? What Parsons and Hodge, and legends and folklore. End- is their philosophy of life? A review of Navajo maps, photos, biblio., index, 318 pp $2.50 history from archeological times to present. A3 BLOOD BROTHER, Elliott Arnold. Vivid real- Photos, index, biblio, 247 pp $5.00 istic novel of Apaches in Arizona, 1856-72. A23 NAVAJOS, GODS, AND TOM TOMS. Where Story of Cochise and Tom Jeffords, Indian agent and how do they live? What are the rites of who worked with the Apache leader to end conflict Navajo Medicine men? Dr. S. H. Babington gives and who became his blood brother. Also the tragic the answers. His first interest is that of a physi- love story of Jeffords and his Indian bride. End- cian but a wealth of other information completes a maps, 558 pp $3.50 picture of Navajoland. 41 photos, index, biblio, 346 A7 THE DELIGHT MAKERS, Adolf F. Bande- pp $3.50 lier. Unusual, fascinating novel based on sci- A24 SUN IN THE SKY. Daily life of the Hopi entific discoveries and legends. Recreates life of Indians, their agriculture, construction of prehistoric Indians of Frijoles canyon near Santa houses, cookery, dress, personal traits, native arts, Fe, now part of Bandelier National Monument. weaving, basketry, making of pottery are graphic- Photos by Chas. F. Lummis. 490 pp $3.00 ally described from personal observation by Walter A12 INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST, Pliny C.'O'Kane. 90 illustrations, 248 pp $4.00 Earle Goddard. Useful, popular handbook, A25 COWBOY AND INDIAN TRADER, Joseph covering the Ancient Peoples of the Southwest, the Schmedding. The author remained 23 years Pueblo Dwellers, the Village Dwellers (Pima and in the Indian country—7 on the range and the Papago) and the Camp Dwellers (Athapascan, Yu- next 16 as trader in Keams Canyon. One of the man). Maps, photos, biblio., index, 205 pp $2.00 most readable books yet written about the Indian A15 MARIA, Potter of San Ildcfonso, Alice Mar- country and life on the desert range. Photos, riott. Deeply moving life story of a great 364 pp $5.00 artist and that of her husband Julian, whose sig- A26 GIRL FROM WILLIAMSBURG, Minnie Braith- natures appear on some of the most beautiful waite Jenkins. Delightful and informative is Indian pottery to come out of the Southwest—the this story about the life of a school teacher in the San Ildefonso. Told largely in Maria's own words. Indian school in remote Blue Canyon in northern Profuse illus $3.75 Arizona. 9 Illus, 343 pp $3.00 A16 NAVAJO SHEPHERD AND WEAVER, Gladys A. Reichard. Comprehensive work on Navajo weaving technique and symbolism based on LOST TREASURE author's personal experience in the Indian Country. Materials, technique, patterns, symbolism, actual Tl APACHE GOLD AND YAQUI SILVER, J. weaving lessons. How to buy Navajo rugs. For Frank Dobie. Fascinating lost mine and buried artists, craftsmen, historians, collectors. Illus., treasure stories by a master story teller. Lost glossary, index $5.00 Adams Diggings, the Sierra Madre, Lost Tayopa, A17 SOUTHWESTERN ARCHEOLOGY, John G. Scalp Hunters' Ledge, El Naranjal—and others of McGregor. Outline of archeological findings Arizona and Mexico. Beautiful color plates and from 1880 to present day. Important summary and black-and-whites by Tom Lea $4.50 classification. Appen., biblio., index. Illus. 403 T2 CORONADO'S CHILDREN, J. Frank Dobie. pp. 7x10 $6.00 Saga of lost mines and treasure of the South- A18 SPIN A SILVER DOLLAR, Alberta Hannum. west—the Lost San Saba, Lost Nigger, Lost Padre, Story of Wide Ruins trading post in Arizona. Breyfogle, Laffite and pirate booty, and many Delightful account of life with Navajo, highlighted others. List of signs used by Spanish miners, glos- by the Indian boy artist, Little No-Shirt (Beatien sary of Mexican and Southwest localisms... . $2.50 Yazz), and illustrated with 12 color reproductions T3 GOLDEN MIRAGES, Philip A. Bailey. New of his work $3.75 limited printing of this favorite of lost mine A20 HOPI KACHINA DOLLS. By Dr. Harold S. books. Pegleg Smith's gold, ghosts of Vallecito, Colton, director of the Museum of Northern Lost Ship of the Desert, many lost treasures of Arizona. Identifying 250 different Kachinas. In- the Southwest. Index, 353 pp., photos, maps, cludes 55 pages of Kachina Doll heads and 8 pages biblio $4.50 of colored photos. Index. 144 pp $7.50 T5 LOST MINES OF THE OLD WEST, Howard A21 CHILDREN OF THE PEOPLE, Dorothea D. Clark. Lost Pegleg, Lost Dutch Oven and Leighton and Clyde Kluckhohn. Story of the 20 other lost mine legends of California, Nevada, Navajo individual and his development—points of Arizona and Texas. Illus., 64 pp $ .75 view derived from medicine, psychology and an- T6 SUPERSTITION'S GOLD, Oren Arnold. Lost thropology. Many photos, index, biblio, maps, 277 Dutchman mine and other Superstition Mt. pp $5.00 treasure. Illus., gold paper $1.25

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