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Social Studies Unit 2: Social Studies Overview ................................................................................................................................ 2 An American Legacy ............................................................................................................... 5 Consider the Source .............................................................................................................. 14 It’s About Time ..................................................................................................................... 16 Ordinary People .................................................................................................................... 17 15 Stars and 15 Stripes ......................................................................................................... 30 Imagining the West .............................................................................................................. 37 By Water and By Land .......................................................................................................... 45 See You At the Fair ............................................................................................................... 72 Two Sides of the Coin ............................................................................................................ 74 Content Knowledge Standards by Lesson .............................................................................. 80 © 2001 Lewis and Clark Trial Heritage Foundation 2.1 Overview Social Studies is the connecting thread of the inter-disciplinary approach to exploring the Lewis and Clark expedition. It is a good place to start and the best place to end a student’s adventures with the Corps of Discovery. Use several of these projects to orient students to the expedition and to compare our relationship to the Lewis and Clark expedition today. With the bicentennial commemoration in 2003-2006, now is a good time to reflect on the Corps of Discovery and its legacy. At the end of the class study, come back and use several of these projects to tie the Lewis and Clark experience together. Student Opportunities 1. Read selected quotes from the journals of the Lewis and Clark expedition. 2. Examine the legacy of the Lewis and Clark expedition to the United States today. 3. Compare 18th and 19th century events in the U.S. with those in North America and the rest of the world. 4. Learn how the members of the expedition were much like people today. 5. Discover how the members of the expedition and people associated with it were able to contribute to the history of the United States. 6. Plan, coordinate, design, construct and operate a student fair. 7. Participate in a debate and voting process. 8. Give presentations, do creative writing, and work individually or in teams. 9. Maintain their own journals and glossary of Lewis and Clark words and terms. Helpful References In this guide: Appendix A: Route Maps and Timeline for the journey of the Corps of Discovery Appendix B: People of the Lewis and Clark expedition Appendix C: Lewis and Clark States In this unit: Duncan, Dayton. “What the Lewis and Clark Expedition Means to America,” We Proceeded On, Vol. 23, No. 3. Great Falls: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., August 1997. Gerth, Nola. “York—Black Man In the West,” publication of the Valley County Lewis and Clark Trail Society, Glasgow, MT, 1979. Hunt, Robert. “Hoofbeats & Nightmares: A Horse Chronicle of the Lewis and Clark Expedition,” Parts I& II, We Proceeded On, Vols. 20 & 21, Nos. 4 & 1. Great Falls: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., November 1994 & February 1995. Large, Arlen J. “The Rocky Boat Ride of Lewis and Clark,” We Proceeded On, Vol. 21, No. 1. Great Falls: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., February 1995. Large, Arlen J. and Edrie L Vinson. “Sacagawea: The Guide Vs. The Purists,” We Proceeded On, Vol. 19, No. 1. Great Falls: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., February 1993. Ronda, James P. “Imagining the West: Through the Eyes of Lewis and Clark,” We Proceeded On, Vol. 18, No. 2. Great Falls: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., May 1992. © 2001 Lewis and Clark Trial Heritage Foundation 2.2 Rose, Donald W. “Captain Lewis’ Iron Boat: The Experiment,” We Proceeded On, Vol. 7, No. 2. Great Falls: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., May 1981. Saindon, Robert. “The Flags of the Lewis and Clark Expedition: Symbol of Peace; Sign of Allegiance; Banner of Pride,” We Proceeded On, Vol. 7, No. 4. Great Falls: Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, November 1981. Helpful Resources Books and Articles: Abbott, Carl. Portland and the Lewis and Clark Exposition: The Great Extravaganza. Portland: Oregon historical Society, revised edition 1996. Allen, John Logan. Lewis and Clark and the Image of the Northwest. New York: Dover Publications, 1991. Anderson, Irving W. A Charbonneau Family Portrait. Astoria: Fort Clatsop Historical Association, 1988. Betts, Robert B. In Search of York: The Slave Who Went to the Pacific With Lewis and Clark. Boulder: Colorado Associated University Press, 1985. Blumberg, Rhoda. The Incredible Tourney of Lewis and Clark. New York: William Morrow & Co., Inc., first paperback edition, 1995. __________. What’s The Deal? Jefferson. Napoleon and the Louisiana Purchase. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1998. Cavan, Seamus. Lewis and Clark and the Route to the Pacific, World Explorers: The Second Great Age of Discovery Series. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1991. Clarke, Charles G. Men of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Glendale: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1970. Cutright, Paul Russell. Contributions of Philadelphia to Lewis and Clark History, No. 6. Great Falls: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., 2nd printing, December 1988. DeVoto, Bernard, ed. The Journals of Lewis and Clark. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., foreword copyright 1997. Duncan, Dayton and Ken Bums. Lewis and Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery—An Illustrated History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997. Erickson, Marty, ed. An Overview of the Facts and Fiction About the Famous Newfoundland Dog. Great Falls: L&C Trail Heritage Foundation, 1997. Goetzmann, William and Glyndwr Williams. The Atlas of North American Exploration: From the Norse Voyages to the Race to the Pole. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, paperback edition 1998. Jackson, Donald. Thomas Jefferson and the Stony Mountains: Exploring the West From Monticello. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993. Kessler, Donna. Making of Sacagawea: A Euro-American Legend. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996. MacGregor, Carol Lynn, ed. The Journals of Patrick Gass: Member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Co., 1997. Members of the Corps of Discovery. Washburn: North Dakota Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Foundation, first edition, 1999. Moulton, Gary E., ed. The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Vols. 2-13. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986-2001. Prucha, Francis Paul. Indian Peace Medals in American History. Bluffton: Rivilo Books, 1994. Ronda, James P., ed. Thomas Jefferson and the Changing West. St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, 1997. © 2001 Lewis and Clark Trial Heritage Foundation 2.3 ________. Voyages of Discovery: Essays on the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Helena: Montana Historical Society Press, 1998. ________. Finding the West: Explorations With Lewis and Clark. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2001. Thomasma, Kenneth. The Truth About Sacajawea. Jackson: Grandview Publishing Co., 1997. Yater, George and Carolyn S. Denton. Nine Young Men From Kentucky, No. 11. Great Falls: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, May 1992. Video: “We Proceeded On,” 30 minutes, by Kaw Valley Productions and available from Headwaters Chapter, P. 0. Box 577, Bozeman, MT 59771-0577. © 2001 Lewis and Clark Trial Heritage Foundation 2.4 An American Legacy The Lewis and Clark expedition gave the United States an enduring legacy. The idea, planning, preparations, leaders, members, experiences, journals, accomplishments, results and effects of President Thomas Jefferson’s dream make the Corps of Volunteers for North Western Discovery one of the most interesting undertakings in the history of the United States. The expedition is often compared to sending people to walk on the moon. An appreciable difference is the great amount of technology and people which are required to support any trip to the moon. The astronauts are not sent off into space on their own as the members of the Lewis and Clark expedition were upon leaving Camp Dubois. The greatest legacy the Corps of Discovery left us is the privilege we have to visit sites where they traveled. In doing so, the Lewis and Clark expedition touches our lives. Most of us will not have a chance to walk on the moon. The Lewis and Clark “Trail” goes through eleven states. In fact, there are twenty- eight other states and a district which are also associated with the Corps of Discovery. Do you live in any of these thirty-nine states or the district? Look in Appendix C of this guide to find out. Activities to help orient students to the Lewis and Clark expedition: 1. Show the students the 32 minute video, “We Proceeded On.” Have a class discussion about the Lewis and Clark expedition based on this video. 2. Have the students take turns reading aloud from President Jefferson’s Letter of Instructions to Meriwether Lewis. Have a
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