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The Social Brain The Social Brain The Social Brain: Evolution and Pathology. Edited by M. Bru¨ne, H. Ribbert and W. Schiefenho¨vel. & 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: ISBN 0 470 84960 6 The Social Brain Evolution and Pathology Edited by Martin Bru«ne Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bochum, Germany Hedda Ribbert Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bochum, Germany Wulf Schiefenho«vel Human Ethology Group, Max-Planck-Society, Andechs Centre for Human Sciences, University of Munich, Germany Copyright u 2003 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Painting ‘‘social chess’’ by Avelke Edel (artist), Bochum, Germany (www.edel-art.de) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 470 84960 6 Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Dobbie Typesetting Ltd, Tavistock, Devon Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, Guildford This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production. Contents List of Contributors ..................................... ix Preface .............................................. xiii Martin Bru¨ne, Hedda Ribbert and Wulf Schiefenho¨vel Introduction ........................................... 1 Leslie Brothers PART I EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF THE ‘SOCIAL BRAIN’ 1 Stereotypy vs. Plasticity in Vertebrate Cognition ............... 7 Carmen Strungaru 2 Is the Human Brain Unique? ............................. 29 Gerhard Roth 3 Tracing the Evolutionary Path of Cognition .................. 43 Richard W. Byrne 4 ProtocadherinXY: a Candidate Gene for Cerebral Asymmetry and Language ....................................... 61 Tim J. Crow PART II CULTURE AND THE ‘SOCIAL BRAIN’ 5 Evolution of the Cultured Mind: Lessons from Wild Chimpanzees ... 81 William C. McGrew vi CONTENTS 6 Ninye Kanye: the Human Mind. Traditional Papuan Societies as Models to Understand Evolution towards the Social Brain...... 93 Wulf Schiefenho¨vel PART III DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE ‘SOCIAL BRAIN’ 7 Big Brains, Slow Development and Social Complexity: the Developmental and Evolutionary Origins of Social Cognition...... 113 David F. Bjorklund and Jesse M. Bering 8 Where Is ‘The Other’ in the Self ? Multiplicity, Unity and Transformation of the Self from a Developmental Standpoint ..... 153 Ingrid E. Josephs and Hedda Ribbert PART IV PATHOLOGIES OF THE ‘SOCIAL BRAIN’ 9 The Social Brain in Autism ............................. 167 Fred R. Volkmar, Ami Klin, Robert T. Schultz, Katarzyna Chawarska and Warren Jones 10 Do Children with ADHD not Need Their Frontal Lobes for Theory of Mind? A Review of Brain Imaging and Neuropsychological Studies ........................................... 197 Winfried Kain and Josef Perner 11 Social Cognition following Prefrontal Cortical Lesions .......... 231 Robin G. Morris, Jessica Bramham and Andrea Rowe 12 Social Cognition at the Neural Level: Investigations in Autism, Psychopathy and Schizophrenia .......................... 253 Tamara Russell and Tonmoy Sharma 13 Social Cognition and Behaviour in Schizophrenia .............. 277 Martin Bru¨ne 14 Theory of Mind Delusions and Bizarre Delusions in an Evolutionary Perspective: Psychiatry and the Social Brain........ 315 Bruce G. Charlton CONTENTS vii 15 Social Cognition in Paranoia and Bipolar Affective Disorder ...... 339 Peter Kinderman 16 Psychopathy, Machiavellianism and Theory of Mind ........... 355 Linda Mealey and Stuart Kinner 17 Borderline Personality Disorder and Theory of Mind: an Evolutionary Perspective ............................... 373 Gerhard Dammann 18 Awareness and Theory of Mind in Dementia ................. 419 Sergio E. Starkstein and Maria Laura Garau 19 Postscript ......................................... 433 Martin Bru¨ne, Hedda Ribbert and Wulf Schiefenho¨vel Index................................................ 437 List of Contributors JESSE M. BERING Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA DAVID F. BJORKLUND Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA JESSICA BRAMHAM Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK LESLIE BROTHERS 2045 Federal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA MARTIN BRU¨NE Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1–3, D-44791 Bochum, Germany RICHARD W. BYRNE School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JU, UK BRUCE G. CHARLTON Department of Psychology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK KATARZYNA CHAWARSKA Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 207900, New Haven, CT 06520, USA TIM J. CROW University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK GERHARD DAMMANN Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4025 Basel, Switzerland MARIA LAURA GARAU Buenos Aires Neuropsychiatric Center, Ciudad de la Paz 1808, 4th Floor, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS WARREN JONES Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 207900, New Haven, CT 06520, USA INGRID E. JOSEPHS Department of Clinical Psychology and Personality, University of Nijmegen, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands WINFRIED KAIN Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria PETER KINDERMAN Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK STUART KINNER School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia AMI KLIN Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 207900, New Haven, CT 06520, USA WILLIAM C. McGREW Department of Anthropology and Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA LINDA MEALEY Psychology Department, College of St Benedict, St Joseph, MN 56374, USA ROBIN G. MORRIS Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK JOSEF PERNER Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria HEDDA RIBBERT Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bochum, Alexandrienstrasse 1–3, D-44791 Bochum, Germany GERHARD ROTH Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, and Hanse Institute for Advanced Study, Lehmkuhlenbusch 4, D-27753 Delmenhorst, Germany ANDREA ROWE Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK TAMARA RUSSELL Section of Neuroscience and Emotion, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi WULF SCHIEFENHO¨VEL Human Ethology Group, Max-Planck-Society, Von-der-Tann-Strasse 3, D-82346 Andechs, Germany ROBERT T. SCHULTZ Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 207900, New Haven, CT 06520, USA TONMOY SHARMA Clinical Neuroscience Research Centre, Stonehouse Hospital, 7 Twisleton Court, Priory Hill, Dartford, Kent DA2 6AU, UK SERGIO E. STARKSTEIN Buenos Aires Neuropsychiatric Center, Ciudad de la Paz 1808, 4th Floor, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina CARMEN STRUNGARU Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, RO-76201 Bucharest, Romania FRED R. VOLKMAR Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 207900, New Haven, CT 06520, USA When editing the final draft of this book we received the very sad message that our colleague Professor Linda Mealey had passed away on November 5 at the age of 46. Until her untimely death, which she fought with the spirit
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