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Recent Developments in the Study of Wild Chimpanzee Behavior
Evolutionary Anthropology 9 ARTICLES Recent Developments in the Study of Wild Chimpanzee Behavior JOHN C. MITANI, DAVID P. WATTS, AND MARTIN N. MULLER Chimpanzees have always been of special interest to anthropologists. As our organization, genetics and behavior, closest living relatives,1–3 they provide the standard against which to assess hunting and meat-eating, inter-group human uniqueness and information regarding the changes that must have oc- relationships, and behavioral endocri- curred during the course of human evolution. Given these circumstances, it is not nology. Our treatment is selective, and surprising that chimpanzees have been studied intensively in the wild. Jane Good- we explicitly avoid comment on inter- all4,5 initiated the first long-term field study of chimpanzee behavior at the Gombe population variation in behavior as it National Park, Tanzania. Her observations of tool manufacture and use, hunting, relates to the question of chimpanzee and meat-eating forever changed the way we define humans. Field research on cultures. Excellent reviews of this chimpanzee behavior by Toshisada Nishida and colleagues6 at the nearby Mahale topic, of central concern to anthropol- Mountains National Park has had an equally significant impact. It was Nishida7,8 ogists, can be found elsewhere.12–14 who first provided a comprehensive picture of the chimpanzee social system, including group structure and dispersal. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION No single issue in the study of wild Two generations of researchers erything about the behavior of these chimpanzee behavior has seen more have followed Goodall and Nishida apes in nature. But this is not the case. debate than the nature of their social into the field. -
Spatial Representation of Magnitude in Gorillas and Orangutans ⇑ Regina Paxton Gazes A,B, , Rachel F.L
Cognition 168 (2017) 312–319 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cognition journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/COGNIT Original Articles Spatial representation of magnitude in gorillas and orangutans ⇑ Regina Paxton Gazes a,b, , Rachel F.L. Diamond c,g, Jasmine M. Hope d, Damien Caillaud e,f, Tara S. Stoinski a,e, Robert R. Hampton c,g a Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States b Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States c Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States d Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States e Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, Atlanta, GA, United States f Department of Anthropology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States g Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States article info abstract Article history: Humans mentally represent magnitudes spatially; we respond faster to one side of space when process- Received 1 March 2017 ing small quantities and to the other side of space when processing large quantities. We determined Revised 24 July 2017 whether spatial representation of magnitude is a fundamental feature of primate cognition by testing Accepted 25 July 2017 for such space-magnitude correspondence in gorillas and orangutans. Subjects picked the larger quantity in a pair of dot arrays in one condition, and the smaller in another. Response latencies to the left and right sides of the screen were compared across the magnitude range. Apes showed evidence of spatial repre- Keywords: sentation of magnitude. While all subjects did not adopt the same orientation, apes showed consistent Space tendencies for spatial representations within individuals and systematically reversed these orientations SNARC Ape in response to reversal of the task instruction. -
2020 Annual Report
2020 ANNUAL REPORT Providing a level of excellence that makes the Rosamond Gifford Zoo a national leader in animal care, conservation and visitor experience. 1 A JOINT MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD TABLE OF CONTENTS Facebook followers increased from 61.3K at the start The year 2020 was undoubtedly the most challenging in our history. However, we can celebrate of 2020 to 65.8K on many successes which proved that perseverance, teamwork and, most importantly, a supportive December 31, 2020, adding community can see us through anything. Navigating a Pandemic 4 followers. Over the past year, our amazing Friends of the Zoo community truly went above and beyond for 4,500 Maintaining Partnerships your zoo. You let us know how much you missed visiting while we were closed, you came back 9 Surpassed as soon as you could, and you contributed to several campaigns to help the zoo recover from the 10 Engaging our Community pandemic. 25,000 Capital Improvements followers on Instagram, When we substituted a fundraising campaign - $50K for 50 Years – for a Friends of the Zoo 50th 12 a huge milestone. anniversary celebration, you pitched in to help us raise more than $20,000 over our $50,000 goal. When we offered a two-month extension on memberships to cover the COVID closure, most 13 2020 Accomplishments of you donated it back to the zoo. When we asked our volunteers to help the zoo acquire more flamingos to expand our flock, you donated to the Fund for Flamingo Flamboyance. Or, you gave 14 Development and Fundraising to our Annual Appeal on behalf of a baby patas monkey named Iniko -- “born during troubled Nearly 9,140 times.” 15 New Leadership children and adults actively participated in conservation education learning programs When, at the end of an already difficult year, we lost our two youngest elephants to another 16 Future Focus deadly virus, you mourned with us, sent messages of encouragement and donated to the Ajay and Batu Memorial Fund to help the new Animal Health Center test for and treat EEHV. -
ANNEX 3 ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 2/84 EO PT
ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 1/84 EO PT No. ICC-01/09-02/11 21-4-11 ANNEX 3 ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 2/84 EO PT A PROGRESS REPORT TO THE HON. ATTORNEY-GENERAL BY THE TEAM ON UPDATE OF POST ELECTION VIOLENCE RELATED CASES IN WESTERN, NYANZA, CENTRAL, RIFT-VALLEY, EASTERN, COAST AND NAIROBI PROVINCES MARCH, 2011 NAIROBI ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 3/84 EO PT TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER SUBJECT PAGE TRANSMITTAL LETTER IV 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE CASES 7 3. WESTERN PROVINCE 24 3. RIFT VALLEY PROVINCE 30 4. NYANZA PROVINCE 47 5. COAST PROVINCE 62 6. NAIROBI PROVINCE 66 7. CENTRAL PROVINCE 69 8. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 70 9. CONCLUSION 73 10. APPENDICES ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 4/84 EO PT APPENDIX (NO.) LIST OF APPENDICES APP. 1A - Memo from CPP to Hon. Attorney General APP.1B - Memo from CPP to Hon. Attorney General APP.1C - Update on 2007 Post Election Violence offences As at 4th March, 2010 (police commissioner’s report) APP. 1D - Update by Taskforce on Gender Based Violence Cases (police commissioner’s report) APP. 2 - Memo to Solicitor- General from CPP APP. 3 - Letter from PCIO Western APP. 4 - Letter from PCIO Rift Valley APP.5 - Cases Pending Under Investigations in Rift Valley on special interest cases APP.6 - Cases where suspects are known in Rift Valley but have not been arrested APP.7 - Letter from PCIO Nyanza APP.8 - Letter from PCIO Coast APP.9 - Letter from PCIO Nairobi APP.10 - Correspondences from the team ICC-01/09-02/11-67-Anx3 21-04-2011 5/84 EO PT The Hon. -
The Ledger and Times, April 16, 1953
Murray State's Digital Commons The Ledger & Times Newspapers 4-16-1953 The Ledger and Times, April 16, 1953 The Ledger and Times Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/tlt Recommended Citation The Ledger and Times, "The Ledger and Times, April 16, 1953" (1953). The Ledger & Times. 1272. https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/tlt/1272 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Newspapers at Murray State's Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Ledger & Times by an authorized administrator of Murray State's Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. :g hi A .0.• ..•••••• Aks AWL It. 11,f5N Selected As Best All sound Kentucky Community Newspaper for 1947 We Weather Are KN^ETUCKV: Fair with -ir -- terrepersteoires-neetr -Or a little Helping To 1411NNsorst• below freezing tomeht. low 30 to 34 in the east and a Build Murray , • `1,:*"\ ‘7441"--"7- 32 to 38 in the east portion. Friday fair and continued Each Day cool. r• YOUR PROGRESSIVE HOME NEWSPAPER United Press IN ITS 74th YEAR Murray, Ky., Thursday Afternioon, April 16, 1953 MURRAY POPULATION . - - 8,000 Vol. XXIX; No. 91 Vitality Dress Shoes IKE CHALLENGES RE!)s IN PEACE MOVE Basque, Red Calf and , als; In Flight Blue Calf Soon de Hoard I Now.4)':,t7".. Lions Will Be Six Point Program Listed $10.95 By LEIO, PANMUNJOM, ,./iApril 16 Sold To Aid By President To End War Al'OUttd • / (UP)-Red trucks b. /ambulances today delivered the first of 805 By MERRIMAN SMITH ,hopes with mere words and prom- I Allied sick and wounded prisoners Health Center WASHINGTON April 16 iUPI- ises and gestures," he said. -
Orangutan Positional Behavior and the Nature of Arboreal Locomotion in Hominoidea Susannah K.S
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 000:000–000 (2006) Orangutan Positional Behavior and the Nature of Arboreal Locomotion in Hominoidea Susannah K.S. Thorpe1* and Robin H. Crompton2 1School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK 2Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK KEY WORDS Pongo pygmaeus; posture; orthograde clamber; forelimb suspend ABSTRACT The Asian apes, more than any other, are and orthograde compressive locomotor modes are ob- restricted to an arboreal habitat. They are consequently an served more frequently. Given the complexity of orangu- important model in the interpretation of the morphological tan positional behavior demonstrated by this study, it is commonalities of the apes, which are locomotor features likely that differences in positional behavior between associated with arboreal living. This paper presents a de- studies reflect differences in the interplay between the tailed analysis of orangutan positional behavior for all age- complex array of variables, which were shown to influence sex categories and during a complete range of behavioral orangutan positional behavior (Thorpe and Crompton [2005] contexts, following standardized positional mode descrip- Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 127:58–78). With the exception tions proposed by Hunt et al. ([1996] Primates 37:363–387). of pronograde suspensory posture and locomotion, orang- This paper shows that orangutan positional behavior is utan positional behavior is similar to that of the African highly complex, representing a diverse spectrum of posi- apes, and in particular, lowland gorillas. This study sug- tional modes. Overall, all orthograde and pronograde sus- gests that it is orthogrady in general, rather than fore- pensory postures are exhibited less frequently in the pres- limb suspend specifically, that characterizes the posi- ent study than previously reported. -
Virunga 2015-2016 Surveys
Virunga 2015-2016 Surveys Monitoring Mountain Gorillas, Other Select Mammals, and Illegal Activities Virunga 2015-2016 Surveys Monitoring Mountain Gorillas, Other Select Mammals, and Illegal Activities FINAL REPORT April 2019 Jena R. Hickey, Anne-Céline Granjon, Linda Vigilant, Winnie Eckardt, Kirsten Gilardi, Mike Cranfield, Abel Musana, Anna Behm Masozera, Dennis Babaasa, Fidele Ruzigandekwe, & Martha M. Robbins Citation1: Hickey, J.R., Granjon, A.C., Vigilant, L., Eckardt, W., Gilardi, K.V., Cranfield, M., Musana, A., Masozera, A.B., Babaasa, D., Ruzigandekwe, F., & Robbins, M.M. 2019. Virunga 2015–2016 surveys: monitoring mountain gorillas, other select mammals, and illegal activities. GVTC, IGCP & partners, Kigali, Rwanda. 1 Cited in Hickey et al. (2018) as: Hickey, J.R., Granjon, A.C., Vigilant, L., Eckardt, W., Gilardi, K.V., Babaasa, D., Ruzigandekwe, F., Leendertz, F.H. & Robbins, M.M. 2018. Virunga 2015–2016 surveys: monitoring mountain gorillas, other select mammals, and illegal activities. GVTC, IGCP & partners, Kigali, Rwanda. 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 5 Résumé ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Methods ............................................................................................................................................... -
Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Diet and Activity Budgets: Effects of Group Size, Age Class and Food Availability in the Dzanga-Ndoki
Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) diet and activity budgets: effects of group size, age class and food availability in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic Terence Fuh MSc Primate Conservation Dissertation 2013 Dissertation Course Name: P20107 Title: Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) diet and activity budgets: effects of group size, age class and food availability in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic Student Number: 12085718 Surname: Fuh Neba Other Names: Terence Course for which acceptable: MSc Primate Conservation Date of Submission: 13th September 2013 This dissertation is submitted in part fulfilment of the regulations for an MSc degree. Oxford Brookes University ii Statement of originality Except for those parts in which it is explicitly stated to the contrary, this project is my own work. It has not been submitted for any degree at this or any other academic or professional institution. ……………………………………………. ………………… Signature Date Regulations Governing the Deposit and Use of Oxford Brookes University Projects/ Dissertations 1. The “top” copies of projects/dissertations submitted in fulfilment of programme requirements shall normally be kept by the School. 2. The author shall sign a declaration agreeing that the project/ dissertation be available for reading and photocopying at the discretion of the Head of School in accordance with 3 and 4 below. 3. The Head of School shall safeguard the interests of the author by requiring persons who consult the project/dissertation to sign a declaration acknowledging the author’s copyright. 4. Permission for any one other then the author to reproduce or photocopy any part of the dissertation must be obtained from the Head of School who will give his/her permission for such reproduction on to an extent which he/she considers to be fair and reasonable. -
Does the Bonobo Have a (Chimpanzee-Like) Theory of Mind?
Chapter 6 Does the bonobo have a (chimpanzee-like) theory of mind? Christopher Krupenye, Evan L. MacLean and Brian Hare Abstract Theory of mind—the ability to reason about the thoughts and emotions of others—is central to what makes us hu- man. Chimpanzees too appear to understand some psychological states. While less is known about bonobos, several lines of evi- dence suggest that the social-cognitive abilities of the two sister taxa may differ in key respects. This chapter outlines a framework to guide future research on bonobo social cognition based on the predictions of two potentially complementary hypotheses. The self-domestication hypothesis suggests that selection against aggression and for prosociality in bonobos may have impacted the on- togeny of their social-cognitive skills relative to chimpanzees. The empathizing–systemizing hypothesis links degree of prenatal brain masculinization, a potential result of self-domestication, to adult cognition. Specifically, relative feminization may yield more flexible theory of mind skills in bonobos than chimpanzees. Finally, directions for future study, including development of new paradigms that maximize ecological validity for bonobos, are discussed. La théorie de l’esprit—le pouvoir de raisonner les pensées et émotions des autres—est centrale à notre nature humaine. Il parait que les chimpanzés peuvent comprendre quelques états psychologiques. Tandis que nous savons moins des bonobos, plusieurs té- moignages suggèrent que les capacités socio-cognitives des deux taxons soeur peuvent différer dans des aspects clefs. Nous traçons un cadre pour guider les prochaines recherches sur la cognition sociale des bonobos, basé sur les prédictions de deux hypothèses potentiellement complémentaires. -
President Honors Fallen from Past, Current Wars
6A » Tuesday, May31, 2016 » KITSAPSUN MONEY LIFE VERIZON STRIKERS TO RETURN DEPP ROCKS IN GERMANY Nearly 40,000 striking Verizon work- Johnny Depp’s personal prob- ersare scheduledtoreturn to work lems didn’t keep him from per- Wednesday after reaching atenta- forming over the weekend. After tive agreement on acontract that Amber Heardwas granted a provides gains forboth the telecom- restraining order against the munications giant and its employ- actor last week, Depp took the ees. The agreement ends the nearly stage Sunday in Germany with seven-week strike. ANDREASRENTZ/GETTY IMAGES his band, HollywoodVampires. Nation&World Watch From Gannett and wirereports vCincinnati: Vigil held in tribute to slaingorilla Dozens of animal rights advocates and others held aMemorialDay vigil at the Cincinnati Zoo in remembrance of ago- rillathat wasfatally shottoprotect a4- year-old boywho entered its exhibit. The male western lowland gorilla named Harambe waskilled Saturdayby aspecial zoo response team that feared the boy’slife wasindanger.Video taken by zoo visitors showed the gorilla at times appearing to be protectiveofthe boybut also dragging him through the shallowmoat. AnthonySeta, an animal rights activist in Cincinnati,said the purpose of Mon- day’svigil wasn’ttopoint fingers.Rather, he said, it wasatribute to Harambe,who turned 17 the daybefore he wasshot. vSenegal: Chaddictator convicted, sentenced to life Former Chad dictator Hissene Habre, 73,was found guilty Mondayofcrimes againsthumanity,war crimes, torture and sex crimes during his rule and was sentenced to life in prison, ending atrial PABLOMARTINEZ MONSIVAIS/AP more than 15 years in the making. PresidentBarack Obama lays awreath at the Tomb of the Unknowns at ArlingtonNational Cemetery in Virginia. -
Comparing the Imitative Skills of Children and Nonhuman Apes
Revue de primatologie Numéro 1 (2009) Varia ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Malinda Carpenter et Josep Call Comparing the imitative skills of children and nonhuman apes ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Avertissement Le contenu de ce site relève de la législation française sur la propriété intellectuelle et est la propriété exclusive de l'éditeur. Les œuvres figurant sur ce site peuvent être consultées et reproduites sur un support papier ou numérique sous réserve qu'elles soient strictement réservées à un usage soit personnel, soit scientifique ou pédagogique excluant toute exploitation commerciale. La reproduction devra obligatoirement mentionner l'éditeur, le nom de la revue, l'auteur et la référence du document. Toute autre reproduction est interdite sauf accord préalable de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Revues.org est un portail de revues en sciences humaines et sociales développé par le CLEO, Centre pour l'édition électronique ouverte (CNRS, EHESS, UP, UAPV). .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. -
Innovation in Wild Chimpanzees {Pan Troglodytes)
International Journal of Primatology, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1995 Innovation in Wild Chimpanzees {Pan troglodytes) Christophe Boesch1 Received April 27, 1993; revised November 23, 1993; accepted December 7, 1993 Innovations of behavior have major implications for the concept of culture in animals. Innovation has rarely been documented in wild animal populations. The chimpanzees of the Tai National Park, Cote d'lvoire, spontaneously included new patterns of behavior in their repertoire during our study. Some innovations were incorporated into a minority of the group members' repertoire, whereas others, such as building day nests in trees and on the ground more frequently, became general behaviors. Similarly, new contexts for use of leaf-clipping behavior and novel ways of feeding on some leaves appeared and rapidly became part of the behavior of most group members. The environmental parameters were too stable to explain these new forms of behavior, as most of them took place within 1 month during the same dry season. In a similar way, leaf-grooming acquired a new function in Gombe chimpanzees. A process similar to social conventions could explain the emergence of these new functions for an existing behavior in a way rather similar to human "fashion." Three major characteristics of human culture — the absence of individual variations in the performance of the behavior, the general use of the behavior by group members, and the ability to modify the function of a behavior — characterize leaf-clipping in Tai chimpanzees and leaf-grooming in Gombe chimpanzees. KEY WORDS: chimpanzee; culture; innovation; tool-use; cross-population comparisons. INTRODUCTION Innovation is the introduction of a new behavior in the repertoire of one or more individuals that may be, for example, a solution to a new ¹Institute of Zoology, University of Basel, Basel Switzerland.