The Ledger and Times, April 16, 1953
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Recent Developments in the Study of Wild Chimpanzee Behavior
Evolutionary Anthropology 9 ARTICLES Recent Developments in the Study of Wild Chimpanzee Behavior JOHN C. MITANI, DAVID P. WATTS, AND MARTIN N. MULLER Chimpanzees have always been of special interest to anthropologists. As our organization, genetics and behavior, closest living relatives,1–3 they provide the standard against which to assess hunting and meat-eating, inter-group human uniqueness and information regarding the changes that must have oc- relationships, and behavioral endocri- curred during the course of human evolution. Given these circumstances, it is not nology. Our treatment is selective, and surprising that chimpanzees have been studied intensively in the wild. Jane Good- we explicitly avoid comment on inter- all4,5 initiated the first long-term field study of chimpanzee behavior at the Gombe population variation in behavior as it National Park, Tanzania. Her observations of tool manufacture and use, hunting, relates to the question of chimpanzee and meat-eating forever changed the way we define humans. Field research on cultures. Excellent reviews of this chimpanzee behavior by Toshisada Nishida and colleagues6 at the nearby Mahale topic, of central concern to anthropol- Mountains National Park has had an equally significant impact. It was Nishida7,8 ogists, can be found elsewhere.12–14 who first provided a comprehensive picture of the chimpanzee social system, including group structure and dispersal. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION No single issue in the study of wild Two generations of researchers erything about the behavior of these chimpanzee behavior has seen more have followed Goodall and Nishida apes in nature. But this is not the case. debate than the nature of their social into the field. -
Spatial Representation of Magnitude in Gorillas and Orangutans ⇑ Regina Paxton Gazes A,B, , Rachel F.L
Cognition 168 (2017) 312–319 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cognition journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/COGNIT Original Articles Spatial representation of magnitude in gorillas and orangutans ⇑ Regina Paxton Gazes a,b, , Rachel F.L. Diamond c,g, Jasmine M. Hope d, Damien Caillaud e,f, Tara S. Stoinski a,e, Robert R. Hampton c,g a Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States b Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States c Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States d Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States e Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, Atlanta, GA, United States f Department of Anthropology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States g Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States article info abstract Article history: Humans mentally represent magnitudes spatially; we respond faster to one side of space when process- Received 1 March 2017 ing small quantities and to the other side of space when processing large quantities. We determined Revised 24 July 2017 whether spatial representation of magnitude is a fundamental feature of primate cognition by testing Accepted 25 July 2017 for such space-magnitude correspondence in gorillas and orangutans. Subjects picked the larger quantity in a pair of dot arrays in one condition, and the smaller in another. Response latencies to the left and right sides of the screen were compared across the magnitude range. Apes showed evidence of spatial repre- Keywords: sentation of magnitude. While all subjects did not adopt the same orientation, apes showed consistent Space tendencies for spatial representations within individuals and systematically reversed these orientations SNARC Ape in response to reversal of the task instruction. -
2017 Information & Record Book
2017 INFORMATION & RECORD BOOK OWNERSHIP OF THE CLEVELAND INDIANS Paul J. Dolan John Sherman Owner/Chairman/Chief Executive Of¿ cer Vice Chairman The Dolan family's ownership of the Cleveland Indians enters its 18th season in 2017, while John Sherman was announced as Vice Chairman and minority ownership partner of the Paul Dolan begins his ¿ fth campaign as the primary control person of the franchise after Cleveland Indians on August 19, 2016. being formally approved by Major League Baseball on Jan. 10, 2013. Paul continues to A long-time entrepreneur and philanthropist, Sherman has been responsible for establishing serve as Chairman and Chief Executive Of¿ cer of the Indians, roles that he accepted prior two successful businesses in Kansas City, Missouri and has provided extensive charitable to the 2011 season. He began as Vice President, General Counsel of the Indians upon support throughout surrounding communities. joining the organization in 2000 and later served as the club's President from 2004-10. His ¿ rst startup, LPG Services Group, grew rapidly and merged with Dynegy (NYSE:DYN) Paul was born and raised in nearby Chardon, Ohio where he attended high school at in 1996. Sherman later founded Inergy L.P., which went public in 2001. He led Inergy Gilmour Academy in Gates Mills. He graduated with a B.A. degree from St. Lawrence through a period of tremendous growth, merging it with Crestwood Holdings in 2013, University in 1980 and received his Juris Doctorate from the University of Notre Dame’s and continues to serve on the board of [now] Crestwood Equity Partners (NYSE:CEQP). -
TV Club Newsletter; April 4-10, 1953
COVERING THE TV BEAT: GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS ON COLOR TV ARE BEING LIFTED. How- ever, this doesn't bring color on your screen any closer. Color TV will arrive after extensive four-month field tests of the system recently developed through the pooled research of major set manufacturers; after the FCC studies and ap- proves the new method ; and after the many more months it will take to organize factory production of sets and to in- stall color telecasting equipment. TED MACK AND THE ORIGINAL AMATEUR HOUR RETURN to your TV screen April 25 to be seen each Saturday from 8:30 - 9 p.m. It will replace the second half of THE ALL-STAR REVUE, which goes off. WHAM-TV and WBEN-TV have indicated that they will carry the show. THREE DIMENSIONAL TV is old stuff to the Atomic Energy Commission. Since 1950, a 3D TV system, developed in coop- eration with DuMont, has been in daily use at the AEC's Argonne National Laboratories near Chicago. It allows technicians to watch atomic doings closely without danger from radiation. TV WRESTLERS ARE PACKING THEM IN AT PHILADELPHIA'S MOVIE houses where they are billed as added stage attractions with simulated TV bouts. SET-MAKERS PREDICT that by the end of the year 24-inch sets will constitute 25% of production. FOREIGN INTRIGUE is being released for European TV distri- bution with one version in French and the other with Ger- man subtitles. "I LOVE LUCY", WILL PRESENT "RICKY JR.", the most celebrat- ed TV baby, in its forthcoming series now being filmed in Hollywood. -
Orangutan Positional Behavior and the Nature of Arboreal Locomotion in Hominoidea Susannah K.S
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 000:000–000 (2006) Orangutan Positional Behavior and the Nature of Arboreal Locomotion in Hominoidea Susannah K.S. Thorpe1* and Robin H. Crompton2 1School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK 2Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK KEY WORDS Pongo pygmaeus; posture; orthograde clamber; forelimb suspend ABSTRACT The Asian apes, more than any other, are and orthograde compressive locomotor modes are ob- restricted to an arboreal habitat. They are consequently an served more frequently. Given the complexity of orangu- important model in the interpretation of the morphological tan positional behavior demonstrated by this study, it is commonalities of the apes, which are locomotor features likely that differences in positional behavior between associated with arboreal living. This paper presents a de- studies reflect differences in the interplay between the tailed analysis of orangutan positional behavior for all age- complex array of variables, which were shown to influence sex categories and during a complete range of behavioral orangutan positional behavior (Thorpe and Crompton [2005] contexts, following standardized positional mode descrip- Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 127:58–78). With the exception tions proposed by Hunt et al. ([1996] Primates 37:363–387). of pronograde suspensory posture and locomotion, orang- This paper shows that orangutan positional behavior is utan positional behavior is similar to that of the African highly complex, representing a diverse spectrum of posi- apes, and in particular, lowland gorillas. This study sug- tional modes. Overall, all orthograde and pronograde sus- gests that it is orthogrady in general, rather than fore- pensory postures are exhibited less frequently in the pres- limb suspend specifically, that characterizes the posi- ent study than previously reported. -
Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Diet and Activity Budgets: Effects of Group Size, Age Class and Food Availability in the Dzanga-Ndoki
Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) diet and activity budgets: effects of group size, age class and food availability in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic Terence Fuh MSc Primate Conservation Dissertation 2013 Dissertation Course Name: P20107 Title: Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) diet and activity budgets: effects of group size, age class and food availability in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic Student Number: 12085718 Surname: Fuh Neba Other Names: Terence Course for which acceptable: MSc Primate Conservation Date of Submission: 13th September 2013 This dissertation is submitted in part fulfilment of the regulations for an MSc degree. Oxford Brookes University ii Statement of originality Except for those parts in which it is explicitly stated to the contrary, this project is my own work. It has not been submitted for any degree at this or any other academic or professional institution. ……………………………………………. ………………… Signature Date Regulations Governing the Deposit and Use of Oxford Brookes University Projects/ Dissertations 1. The “top” copies of projects/dissertations submitted in fulfilment of programme requirements shall normally be kept by the School. 2. The author shall sign a declaration agreeing that the project/ dissertation be available for reading and photocopying at the discretion of the Head of School in accordance with 3 and 4 below. 3. The Head of School shall safeguard the interests of the author by requiring persons who consult the project/dissertation to sign a declaration acknowledging the author’s copyright. 4. Permission for any one other then the author to reproduce or photocopy any part of the dissertation must be obtained from the Head of School who will give his/her permission for such reproduction on to an extent which he/she considers to be fair and reasonable. -
Does the Bonobo Have a (Chimpanzee-Like) Theory of Mind?
Chapter 6 Does the bonobo have a (chimpanzee-like) theory of mind? Christopher Krupenye, Evan L. MacLean and Brian Hare Abstract Theory of mind—the ability to reason about the thoughts and emotions of others—is central to what makes us hu- man. Chimpanzees too appear to understand some psychological states. While less is known about bonobos, several lines of evi- dence suggest that the social-cognitive abilities of the two sister taxa may differ in key respects. This chapter outlines a framework to guide future research on bonobo social cognition based on the predictions of two potentially complementary hypotheses. The self-domestication hypothesis suggests that selection against aggression and for prosociality in bonobos may have impacted the on- togeny of their social-cognitive skills relative to chimpanzees. The empathizing–systemizing hypothesis links degree of prenatal brain masculinization, a potential result of self-domestication, to adult cognition. Specifically, relative feminization may yield more flexible theory of mind skills in bonobos than chimpanzees. Finally, directions for future study, including development of new paradigms that maximize ecological validity for bonobos, are discussed. La théorie de l’esprit—le pouvoir de raisonner les pensées et émotions des autres—est centrale à notre nature humaine. Il parait que les chimpanzés peuvent comprendre quelques états psychologiques. Tandis que nous savons moins des bonobos, plusieurs té- moignages suggèrent que les capacités socio-cognitives des deux taxons soeur peuvent différer dans des aspects clefs. Nous traçons un cadre pour guider les prochaines recherches sur la cognition sociale des bonobos, basé sur les prédictions de deux hypothèses potentiellement complémentaires. -
Comparing the Imitative Skills of Children and Nonhuman Apes
Revue de primatologie Numéro 1 (2009) Varia ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Malinda Carpenter et Josep Call Comparing the imitative skills of children and nonhuman apes ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Avertissement Le contenu de ce site relève de la législation française sur la propriété intellectuelle et est la propriété exclusive de l'éditeur. Les œuvres figurant sur ce site peuvent être consultées et reproduites sur un support papier ou numérique sous réserve qu'elles soient strictement réservées à un usage soit personnel, soit scientifique ou pédagogique excluant toute exploitation commerciale. La reproduction devra obligatoirement mentionner l'éditeur, le nom de la revue, l'auteur et la référence du document. Toute autre reproduction est interdite sauf accord préalable de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Revues.org est un portail de revues en sciences humaines et sociales développé par le CLEO, Centre pour l'édition électronique ouverte (CNRS, EHESS, UP, UAPV). .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. -
Innovation in Wild Chimpanzees {Pan Troglodytes)
International Journal of Primatology, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1995 Innovation in Wild Chimpanzees {Pan troglodytes) Christophe Boesch1 Received April 27, 1993; revised November 23, 1993; accepted December 7, 1993 Innovations of behavior have major implications for the concept of culture in animals. Innovation has rarely been documented in wild animal populations. The chimpanzees of the Tai National Park, Cote d'lvoire, spontaneously included new patterns of behavior in their repertoire during our study. Some innovations were incorporated into a minority of the group members' repertoire, whereas others, such as building day nests in trees and on the ground more frequently, became general behaviors. Similarly, new contexts for use of leaf-clipping behavior and novel ways of feeding on some leaves appeared and rapidly became part of the behavior of most group members. The environmental parameters were too stable to explain these new forms of behavior, as most of them took place within 1 month during the same dry season. In a similar way, leaf-grooming acquired a new function in Gombe chimpanzees. A process similar to social conventions could explain the emergence of these new functions for an existing behavior in a way rather similar to human "fashion." Three major characteristics of human culture — the absence of individual variations in the performance of the behavior, the general use of the behavior by group members, and the ability to modify the function of a behavior — characterize leaf-clipping in Tai chimpanzees and leaf-grooming in Gombe chimpanzees. KEY WORDS: chimpanzee; culture; innovation; tool-use; cross-population comparisons. INTRODUCTION Innovation is the introduction of a new behavior in the repertoire of one or more individuals that may be, for example, a solution to a new ¹Institute of Zoology, University of Basel, Basel Switzerland. -
Kit Young's Sale #115
KIT YOUNG’S SALE #115 1959 BAZOOKA BASEBALL/FOOTBALL The toughest of all Bazooka issues are the 1959’s. We were fortunate to pick up a nice group. (SP = Short Print) Jim Davenport Giants Bob Cerv A’s (SP) Del Crandall Braves EX+/EX-MT $149.00 Bill Mazeroski Pirates Bill Mazeroski Pirates VG-EX $205.00 PSA Authentic (looks EX) $95.00 VG-EX/EX $115.00 EX-MT $295.00 EX $150.00 Duke Snider Dodgers (SP) Duke Snider Dodgers (SP) Bob Turley Yankees Vic Wertz Red Sox (SP) Rick Casares Bears EX $475.00 VG-EX $350.00 VG-EX $135.00 EX-MT $350.00 VG-EX $120.00 Frank Gifford Giants Eddie Lebaron Redskins Woody Lewis Cardinals Pete Retzlaff Eagles Y.A. Tittle 49ers EX+/EX-MT $350.00 EX-MT $275.00 EX-MT $195.00 EX+/EX-MT $215.00 EX-MT $350.00 1969 TRANSOGRAM CARDS These cards were issued on the backs of boxes that contained small baseball player statues in 1969. They measure 2-1/2” x 3-1/2” and are very colorful. Much tougher than other card issues of the same era. Hank Aaron Braves ......................................EX-MT $89.00; EX+ 55.00 Bobby Knoop Angels ........................................................ EX-MT 15.00 Mel Stottlemyre Yankees ...............................EX-MT 19.00; VG-EX 9.50 Felipe Alou Braves ...........................................................NR-MT 20.00 Jerry Koosman Mets .........................................................VG-EX 12.00 Luis Tiant Indians ............................................... EX-MT 15.00; VG 6.95 Matty Alou Pirates ............................................................ EX-MT 20.00 Jim Lefebvre Dodgers ...................................................... EX-MT 16.50 Roy White Yankees ...........EX-MT 15.00; VG-EX 8.95; VG (pin hole) 6.95 Lou Brock Cardinals ....................EX-MT 35.00; VG-EX (ink back) 14.95 Lee May Reds ................................................EX-MT 15.00; EX+ 12.00 Don Wilson Astros .................................... -
Howdy Doody on Radio
RADIO RECALL. June 2017, Volume 34, No. 3 HOWDY DOODY ON RADIO From 1947 to 1960, The Howdy Doody Bob Smith got his start in broadcasting on Show entertained children across the country, WBEN radio in Buffalo, NY, after being credited by historians as one of the leading discovered by singer Kate Smith. He later reasons why television became a staple in moved to WNBC in New York City. The American living rooms. Each week young character of “Howdy Doody” began on Bob children watched the antics of Clarabelle the Smith’s radio program, Triple B Ranch, in Clown, Mr. Bluster and an attractive Indian 1947. At that time, Bob Smith was voicing a Princess named Summerfall-Winterspring. character named Elmer who always greeted Howdy Doody had red hair, 48 freckles (one the children in the audience with “Howdy for each State of the Union) and was voiced Doody, Kids!” Soon the children were calling by Bob Smith himself. Elmer by the name of “Howdy Doody.” Later in 1947, Howdy Doody made his television The Howdy Doody Show was a television debut and grew to popularity. In 1950, Smith program of historic firsts. It was Howdy gave up his radio show to devote full time Doody’s face that appeared on the NBC color to The Howdy Doody Show on television. test pattern beginning in 1954, was the first children’s program telecast in color on NBC, and was the first children’s program to be broadcast five days a week. On the afternoon of February 12, 1952, The Howdy Doody th Show reached celebrating its 1,000 telecast. -
The History of NBC New York Television Studios, 1935-1956"
`1 | P a g e "The History of NBC New York Television Studios, 1935-1956" Volume 1 of 2 (Revised) 5 Rare Interior Photos of The International Theater added on page 64 By Bobby Ellerbee And Eyes Of A Generation.com Preface and Acknowledgement This is the first known chronological listing that details the conversions of NBC’s Radio City studios at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City. Also included in this exclusive presentation by and for Eyes Of A Generation, are the outside performance theaters and their conversion dates to NBC Television theaters. This compilation gives us the clearest and most concise guide yet to the production and technical operations of television’s early days and the network that pioneered so much of the new medium. As you will see, many shows were done as “remotes” in NBC radio studios with in-house mobile camera units, and predate the official conversion date which signifies the studio now has its own control room and stage lighting. Eyes Of A Generation would like to offer a huge thanks to the many past and present NBC people that helped, but most especially to Frank Merklein (NBC 1947-1961) Joel Spector (NBC 1965-2001), Dennis Degan (NBC 2003 to present), historian David Schwartz (GSN) and Gady Reinhold (CBS 1966 to present), for their first hand knowledge, photos and help. This presentation is presented as a public service by the world’s ultimate destination for television history…The Eyes Of A Generation. –Bobby Ellerbee http://www.eyesofageneration.com/ https://www.facebook.com/pages/Eyes-Of-A-Generationcom/189359747768249 `2 | P a g e "The History of NBC New York Television Studios, 1935-1956" Volume 1 of 2 Contents Please Note: Converted should be understood as the debut date of the facility as an exclusive TV studio, now equipped with its own control room.