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Attitude of the Georgian National Government NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 8, Aug. -2020 ATTITUDE OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TOWARDS THE AUTONOMOUS UNITS IN 1990-1991 ALEQSANDRE MOSIASHVILI Associate Professor of Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University. !§≤•≥≥ã ttrrá '•≤©°á #©¥ ã 4•¨°©á '•≤• 3°°°§• ≥±°≤• Rtuä [email protected], +995599702969 ABSTRACT: In the 1980s, the existence of an As a result of the first multiparty economic crisis in the USSR became apparent. In elections on October 28, 1990, instead of the March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected communist regime, the national government Secretary General of the Central Committee of came to power in the Republic of Georgia in the CPSU. He tried to rectify the situation by the form of a bloc "Round Table - Free pursuing a certain reformist policy - he started Georgia", Led by well-known dissident Zviad "perestroika", declared "democratization", Gamsakhurdia, leader of the National "publicity" and so on. (Abashidze, Z. Liberation Movement. The new government Bakhtadze, M. Janelidze, O. 2013. pp. 648- inherited a bad legacy. Conflict zones were 649). artificially created in different parts of These attempts have not resulted in Georgia. Particularly cautious approaches overcoming the economic crisis. Instead, were needed to the regions with national liberation movements gradually began autonomous status. These were: the in various republics. Such a movement started Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of in 1987 in Georgia as well. Attempts by the Adjara (ASSR), the Autonomous Soviet Kremlin central government to somehow halt or Socialist Republic of Abkhazia (ASSR) and temporarily halt the process of disintegration of so-called South Ossetia Autonomous the USSR were unsuccessful. In such a situation, District. it was planned to artificially create conflict In order to determine the policy or centers in different regions, especially in the methods used by Zviad Gamsakhurdia's territories of autonomous units as a result of government in relation to the mentioned provocations. The creation of one of the first regions, it is necessary to use the following centers seems to have been decided on the methods: Description, comparison, methods of territory of the Ajara ASSR, Where, on critical and systematic analysis (division of December 10, 1988, the Soviet authorities material into parts, evaluation of each part to decided to organize a bloody provocation achieve the result). between the indigenous youth of the It must be said from the very beginning mountainous regions of Adjara and the that Georgia is a small, unitary state. As for the representatives of the Georgian National autonomies, they were created only as a result Movement. Its basis was to become a deliberate of the Russian Soviet policy on the territory of misinformation, as if the leaders of the national Georgia almost a century ago (Bendianishvili, liberation movement: Zviad Gamsakhurdia and A. Daushvili, A. Samsonadze, M. Kokrashvili, Merab Kostava, together with activists, were Kh. Chumburidze, D. Janelidze, O. 2008. p. going to come to Batumi from Tbilisi and use 411). force against the local Muslim population to 56 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 8, Aug. -2020 convert to the Christian faith. And those who Georgian National Liberation Movement had resisted would be expelled from Adjara mainly private donors - A. M.), why not focus on [https://iberiana.wordpress.com/zviadgamsak allocating adequate financial resources to meet hurdia / achara/]. Eventually common sense the voters of the mountainous region of Adjara?! prevailed and provocations failed, but tensions It seems that the representatives of the remained in the region even after the national Communist Party worked with really insidious government came to power. methods that Zviad Gamsakhurdia needed to Zviad Gamsakhurdia's policy was aimed show the necessary prudence to avoid the at restoring Georgia's lost state independence allegedly planned provocations. and therefore he tried to remove the 4®•á • ≤•°§ ©Æ ®• °•°¨ã ò/¨ - background of tension in absolutely peaceful Georgian population can have autonomy in and legally held forms. Such attempts are well Georgia; The autonomy of Georgians in Georgia expressed in the appeals or resolutions of that is, to say the least, a big inconsistency, so it time, in particular: in one of the appeals made to should, of course, be abolished; In our opinion, the population of Adjara, Z. Gamsakhurdia the issue of its abolition should be raised by the seems to be trying to properly inform the Adjarans themselves: only in this case will the population of Adjara (especially the abolition be fair and natural. We will not mountainous region) based on the current interfere in the abolition of the autonomy of situation. The appeal addresses the reasons why Adjara. " 69 )•≤©°6á s{{rä Rstu ä It the Communist Party won far more votes than can be said that there is no moment in the the national force in the October 28, 1990 appeal that there is a desire to retaliate in any elections: "We have not done the necessary way based on the election results. Here we are work in Adjara, our opponents are left in the talking only about reasonable, civilized, arena; They lied to the people, tarnished our democratic approaches - that the issue of the name - the irreconcilable national movement; presence or absence of illegally created They spread compromising rumors ... We can no autonomy of Adjara be decided by the people of longer provide so much, we have not been able Adjara themselves. There is another to reach people to see the true face of our noteworthy moment: "There is a small amount movementäó 69ß )•≤©°6á s{{rä Rstu ä of land in Adjara, our goal is, if the local It must be said that the result of these territories are not enough, to give all the multiparty elections was in fact decisive for the necessary lands in all other parts of Georgia ... future of Georgia and therefore each vote had a Until now, we have been helping them in every special significance. So why did the way, and now, the official Georgian government representatives of the National Movement fail to will help everyone more. "Indeed, taking care of provide proper work? What could be the reason the problem of small land should have been one for this? The answers to the questions are of the best ways to establish close and probably possible due to various factors. First of unwavering communication with the hard- all, it must be said that the communist regime worker population of Adjara. This should have still in power had all the financial resources to been followed by the next reasonable steps, and fully finance the election campaign, but national indeed, if we look closely at the results of the ¶Ø≤£•≥ §©§ï¥ ®°•ä "¥ ≥ch an explanation I subsequent elections, the result is already in think should not be entirely real reason. If they sight 9ß )•≤©°á s{{rä Rstu ä found the financial means to meet with the Pays attention to Z. Gamsakhurdia population of other regions (as it is known, the addresses the staff of Batumi University, Which 57 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 8, Aug. -2020 focuses on an attempt by a certain group of the constitutional framework. One of the main provocateurs to falsify a speech made at a and most important issues in the light of these session of the Supreme Council, where it was relations was the formulation of the alleged that Z. Gamsakhurdia accused the composition of the Supreme Council of the population of Adjara of Pan-Turkism and Pan- Abkhaz ASSR: 28-26-11. This is how the number Islamism. "Our people are wise and therefore no of pre-election districts was distributed, in ambitious politician or careerist will be able to which 28 seats belonged to Abkhazians, 26 to hostile in any part of Georgia against the Georgians, and 11 to other nationalities living in common national unity ... I have planned Abkhazia. Consequently, if the Abkhaz meetings with the population of Adjara in the separatists wanted to make an anti-state near future. It is clear to us that Adjara has decision and be able to use the other 11 non- endured a lot of hardships and now it still needs Georgian mandates in their favor, it would not to be treated gently. With this in mind, prefects be enough to carry out the intention, as they were appointed. We have selected such would need 2/3 of the total votes. They could candidates, for whom the homeland, the nation, not collect 2/3 for one simple reason - 26 seats our country as a whole are the most important. belonged to Georgians. Thus, the separatists' ó 2•¨©£ ض '•≤ß©°á s{{sä Rvw ä dream of separating Abkhazia from the Republic All the above-mentioned practical of Georgia, despite the Kremlin's stance, was activities were clearly reflected and now, it is doomed to failure from the outset and, most possible to say that the new government, importantly, simply forced the Georgian and through its cautious and flexible policy, tried to Abkhaz sides to resolve all disputes through maintain calm in the Adjara region, as well as to dialogue. Which looks quite attractive in terms gain more support. of democracy and should be considered a Let us now turn to the issue of the victory for Georgian national policy. Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of (Gamakharia, J. 2004. pp. 12-13). As for The Abkhazia. Tensions in the region have been situation here in the so-called South Ossetian around since the 1970s, and the Soviet Autonomous Region was quite complicated.
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