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Charak Puja : a Folk Festival of the Namasudra Community of Assam

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Charak Puja : a Folk Festival of the Namasudra Community of Assam The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 Charak Puja : A Folk Festival of the Namasudra Community of Assam 1. Dr. Debendra Kr. Bezbaruah, M.A. Ph.D., D.Litt Principal ,Kamrup College , Chamta,Nalbari (Assam) 2. Dr. Tribeni Bezbaruah, M.A.Ph.D. Associate Professor , Department of Assamese, North Kamrup College ,Baghmara Abstract Charak puja is a folk festival of the Hindus . the Hindus of India and Bangladesh have been celebrating Charak puja from the time immemorial. Like other states of India in Assam also specially the tea garden workers and the Biharis living in this area celebrate this festival with much fan fare . This puja is celebrated in winter season .People of other communities also take part in this puja . Besides , the people of Goalpara and Namasudras of Assam celebrate this festival with much earnestness and festivity . In different states of India Charak puja is known as by different names . In Maharastra Charak puja is known as Bagad (Marathi language ), in Andhra Pradesh it is known as Sirimanu , in West Bengal and Tripura it is known as Gajan . Key words : Charak puja,Namasudra , Hindu , India Aims of the article : The main aims of this article is to define Charak puja, distinguish between the Charak puja and neel puja or Gajan, to highlight the beginning of Charak puja in Assam and different programmes performed on each day etc. Methodology : The article is prepared depending basically on secondary data . Volume XII, Issue IX, September/2020 Page No:1366 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 Results and Didcussion 1.1 Meaning of Charak puja Charak means Shiv or Mahadev . So Charak puja is basically worshipping of Shiva . Charak Puja (also known as Cadak or Neel puja ) is a Hindu folk festival in the honour of the God Shiva .It is held on the last day (Aongkranti ) of the month of Chaitra ( Choitra in Bengali calendar ) , at midnight . It is believed that Shiva bestows his blessings on those who worship him on the day and he will bring prosperity by elimination sorrow and sufferings of the previous year. The preparation usually starts a month in advance . Te arrangement team of the festival go from village to village to procure the necessary components like paddy , oil , salt, honey , money , and other items needed for the ritual. On the midnight of the Songkranti , the worshippers are gathered to worship Shiva and after puja the prasad (items blessed by the deity ) are distributed . 1.2 Charak puja and Gajan Though Charak puja is called Gajan and Neel puja in different states of India and in Bengal , there are some differences between the two . The most intriguing part of Garjan festival or Garjan worship is Charak Puja . But in the West Bengal , middle Assam , and Tripura of India Charak puja is known as Gajan .In Bengali the word ' Gajan ' comes from two words Ga and Jan . Ga means village and Jan means village folk or people . So the villagers call this festival Gajan . The word ' Gajan ' is derived from Bengali word Garjan or roar generated by sannayasis during the festival . Garjan is a folk festival of the Hindus. It is mainly celebrated in West Bengal . This festival is celebrated in the last week of the month of Chaitra and it continues for one week . The participant of the Puja are known as Sannyasis or Bhaktas . Males and females can take part in this festivals . Gajan puja is arranged by the Sannyasis at premises of different Shiva temples. This puja is mainly celebrated by Scheduled Caste Bengali people like Namasudra people . The main objective of this puja is that the devotees worship Shiva for better rainy season and good harvest of agriculture and they are benefitted financially . They believe that Charak puja can rid them of the problems and sufferings . 1.3 Charak puja and Neel Puja Though the Charak puja is called Neel puja , there are major differences between this two . Neel puja is celebrated by Bengalis on 13th April .But the Namasudras celebrate this festival on the 14th April every year .Of course besides the Hindu people of other religions also celebrate this festival . Generally married women celebrate this Neel worship . They fast the whole day and pour milk over the Volume XII, Issue IX, September/2020 Page No:1367 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 Shiva Lingam at nearby Shiva Temple. The objective of this worship is to please the lord and to get blessings from Shiva for her husband and off-springs i.e. children . According to an interpretation made by some scholars as to Neel worship , in this worship an arrangement is made for the celebration of the Marriage of Lord Shiva with Goddess Pārbati .Shiva is considered to be Neel here . The word 'Neel' is supposed to have been derived from one of his name ' NeelKantha' (one having blue coloured throat ) .Some refers it as ' Neel Shasthi ' too. Now at Kolkata , many households celebrate this as "Neel Shasthi".. In this case an additional worship of a local deity named ' Sasthi' is worshipped too .Sasthi is a Goddess who symbolizes betterment of women , specially of their women , specially of their children both existing and unborn . The deity is made out of the mashed paste of wet rice grains . She is accompanied with a cat and six children. But Charak puja , in contrast , is celebrated by both males and females to please Shiva through their devotion . 2. Origin of Charak puja It is not possible to ascertain when Charak puja was celebrated in India , Assam and Bangladesh . But a team of scholars is of the opinion that Charak puja is being celebrated since the time of Shrikrishna who indulged in Rashlila at Brindaban with his Gopis . Another team of scholars is of the opinion that since the time of King Ban who worshipped Lord Shiva , Charak puja has been celebrated in Assam .Another team of scholars like Chakoiya , Dr. Dhiren Das etc. Charak puja began when Parbati started rotating . Bachacha Charkeya explain the origin of the Charakn puja depending on the action of rotating of Purbati . According to Sr. Dhiren Das , the explanation as to the origin of Charak puja given by Charkeya is as follows : Without the knowledge of Mahadev ,Parbati took the form of Kali and roamed about eating human flesh with the garlands of human skulls on her neck.. Apprehending a disaster one night Mahadev decided to sleep at the door step of Pārbati in the form of Kali . Then while entering her house Pārbati put her foot on the breast of Mahadev . Mahadev gave Pārbati Chatkoiya i.e. threw her upward . She began to spring in the space like a takuri i.e. a kind of reel . At last Pārbati confessed her guilt and promised not to repeat her action in future . Realizing the need of the proof of this event , Nandi Bhingi made an arrangement to teach a person of Deobangshi how to chant a mantra i.e. magic about the rotating action of Pārbati in a festival known as Charak puja . Nandi Bhingi advised him (Deobangshi) to establish and spread this worship all over the world . Since then this worship has been celebrated every year. Thus, the worship that was originated centering the rotating action of Pārbati is known as Charak puja . Volume XII, Issue IX, September/2020 Page No:1368 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 The first person who learnt the Mantra of Charak puja was Deobangshi and his successors are performing Charak puja. According to some Historians when Buddhism had its hay day in middle ages in India some Buddhists monks took shelter at various places of India. A section of the monks was in Bengal where they converted Hinduism with Tantric rituals of Buddhism. In course of time through this monks Gajan Dharma of Buddhism became Shev Gajan Dharma . 3. Beginning of Charak puja in Assam Though Charak pujs is a folk festival of the Hindus in India yet in Assam the Namasudras of the Scheduled , tea tribes and the people of undivided Goalpara district began to celebrate puja on the day of Sankranti of the month of Chaitra i.e. the day when the month of Chaitra ends and the month of Bohag begins . In Assam both the Assamese Namasudras and the Bengali Namasudras celebrate Charak Puja on three occasions of the year - at the end of the month of Chaitra (March-April) , at the end of Bohag (April-may) and at the end of the month of Jetha (May-June ) .The Charak puja celebrated at the end of Chaitra is called Chatri , or Choitra , the one celebrated at the end of Bohag is called Kal Baisakhi and the one celebrated at the end of Jetha is called Jestha . The Namasudras celebrate Charak puja at a public place . Some of the Namasudras also celebrate this puja at their own home . In this worship the priest has rather little importance . Because in this worship a priest has the role of offering the first and the last worship . Besides a Brahmin priest , a knowledgeable person of Namasudra community who knows about the traditional rites and rules of the Charak puja is required to perform the activities relationg to this worship and to assist the priest. .This expert person is known as main priest or Mathyuma . This Mathyuma helps the priest perfectly . The puja committee appoints a number of persons to assist the main priest .. The number may be nine or eleven .
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