DOCSLIB.ORG

Insect and Mite Pests of Grape

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Insect and Mite Pests of Grape 5 Crop Protection 5.3 Insect & Mite Pests of Grape October 2020 Edition when monitoring has shown that pest D. Thomas Lowery, AAFC-SuRDC, Summerland numbers are likely to exceed the economic (Graphics by Robyn DeYoung) threshold; i.e. when the derived economic benefits exceed the costs of control. When Grapes grown in British Columbia are attacked insecticides are required, their selectivity, persis- by few insect and mite pests relative to those in tence, and effects on non-target organisms many other major production areas. Economic should be considered. Some have minimal losses from a small number of ‘key’ pests can be effects on beneficial insects and predacious considerable, however, requiring that producers mites, while others cause significant reductions implement timely and appropriate control in natural enemy populations. A brief descrip- measures. Although many growers in BC utilize tion and a few examples of the various conventional spray programs, the small number components of a grape IPM program are of economically important insect pests of grapes outlined below. For additional information, in this region more readily allows for adoption refer to the Integrated Pest Management section of sustainable and organic approaches to pest (5.1) of this guide. management that includes preservation of beneficial insects and predacious mites that help Biological Control of Insects and regulate secondary pests such as spider mites Mites and thrips. Adoption of sustainable* and Insect and mite pests of grapes are attacked by integrated pest management (IPM) practic- many species of beneficial organisms, including es that minimize the use of chemical sprays bacterial and viral diseases, spiders, insect reduces production costs and human expo- predators and parasitoids, predatory mites, and sure to insecticides and helps preserve the vertebrates such as toads and birds. Maintain- local environment. The companion to this guide, Insect and Mite Pests of Grape in British Columbia (Low- ing and enhancing numbers of these natural ery et al., 2014), contains colour photographs of enemies of grape pests forms the corner- many of the pests outlined in this chapter. In stone of a successful IPM program. Healthy the following descriptions of grapevine pests, populations of predators and parasitoids pre- numbers and letters indicated in parentheses vent outbreaks of secondary pests and also refer to the corresponding pages and plates of reduce the numbers of sprays required for the the pest photo guide. Beneficial Insects and Mites of control of primary pests such as leafhoppers. Grape in British Columbia, (Lowery et al. 2015) Beneficial organisms can be preserved or contains photos of natural enemies of grape enhanced in several ways. The negative impact pests. Additional sources for information on of pesticides can be minimized by spraying only insect and mite pests of grapes are listed at the when and where required. Monitoring of pest end of this chapter. numbers will often indicate that only a small portion of a vineyard requires treatment, and Integrated Pest Management selection of the most appropriate spray material will help reduce damage to non-target organ- IPM uses a number of principles and integrated isms. Broad-spectrum insecticides are often practices for the management of pests, including more toxic to beneficial insects than the pests biological, cultural, physical, and chemical they are intended to control. Insecticides that controls. Insecticides remain an essential are less damaging to beneficial insects and component applied as a last resort only predacious mites (e.g. AltacorTM) should be chosen whenever possible. Malathion is consid- *For details on the BCWGC Sustainable ered to be less damaging to beneficial insects Winegrowing British Columbia program, and mites than other insecticides in the same visit www.bcwgc.org/sustainable- class (organophosphates), and although it is an winegrowing-british-columbia. option for managing Virginia creeper leafhop- Best Practices Guide for Grapes for British Columbia Growers 5.3-1 5 Crop Protection per, Erythroneura ziczac, it will not control the better nutrition, softer tissues, and changes in western grape leafhopper, E. elegantula, that is concentrations of secondary plant compounds. resistant to this and other insecticides. Other At the other extreme, chlorotic vines with low materials, such as the microbial insecticide vigor are less able to tolerate insect feeding DipelTM (B.t.), are quite selective and require damage and are more susceptible to attack by that the pest consumes the treated plant part, wood boring beetles. Fortunately, the opti- reducing toxicity to most non-target species. As mum balance in vine growth that results in listed on the BC Ministry of Agriculture website the highest quality wines is also best for ‘Pest Control Products Recommended for Use on Grapes minimizing the growth of pest populations. in British Columbia’, all of the Class 4 neonico- Management of vine vigor is an important TM TM tinoid insecticides (Admire , Assail , consideration in the establishment of a new TM TM Clutch , Closer ) combined should not be vineyard and is discussed elsewhere in this applied more than twice per season to avoid guide. After vines are established, growth is mite outbreaks. These materials are listed as controlled by pruning, cropping, selection and toxic to bees. The Class 3 pyrethroids management of appropriate ground-cover TM TM TM (Pounce , Ambush , Ripcord ) and natural plants, and the provision of water and nutrients. TM pyrethrins (Pyganic ) are toxic to most benefi- Some of these practices can be manipulated to cial insects, but their activity persists for only 1- help manage grape pests. Recent research in 2 days to little more than a week. California, for example, has shown that moder- Thoughtful choice of management practices can ate deficit irrigation from berry-set to veraison also help preserve beneficial insects. Mowing reduced leafhopper numbers by more than less often and mowing only alternate rows at 60%. The modest reduction in yield, around one time are simple and cost-effective ways to 15%, was more than offset by a significant increase populations of most natural enemies. improvement in wine quality. In addition, Adults of many beneficial species feed on nectar berries were smaller and exposed to more light of flowering plants that also serve as hosts for and air and pruning costs were slightly lower. alternate prey species. As a general rule, in- The presence of broadleaf weeds in and be- creased plant diversity is associated with greater tween vine rows is associated with lower levels numbers of beneficial insects. A diversity of of cutworm damage. Having shepherd’s purse plants can be provided in the vineyard in mixed and other winter annual broadleaf weeds in the ground covers, or in hedgerows and uncultivat- vine row until after buds have broken can ed areas within or adjacent to the vineyard. provide effective control of cutworm. Removal of these alternate sources of food forces cut- Cultural and Physical Controls worm larvae to feed more on the buds of Vine Vigour and Resistance grapes. Perennial grasses in the vine rows should be managed over the summer, as they For most crops, varieties can be selected that compete with the vines and with these benefi- are partially or wholly resistant to one or more cial plants. pests and diseases. Except for rootstocks that are resistant to grape phylloxera or nematodes, Pruning this is generally not a viable option for wine grapes. Some hybrid grape varieties having Pruning can be altered to help reduce damage dense hairs on the leaf underside are less sus- from cutworm larvae. Slightly more buds can be ceptible to leafhoppers, but most desirable wine left on vines to compensate for damage, but this grape varieties possess little resistance to foliar will require the removal of more unwanted feeding pests. Vine vigor does, however, influ- shoots later in the season. Some growers delay ence insect and mite numbers. Leafhoppers and suckering and shoot thinning to divert some grape mealybug, for example, will reach signifi- leafhopper feeding and egg-laying to these cantly higher numbers on overly vigorous vines unwanted plant parts. Thinning of the canopy as they prefer the darker, sheltered environment by shoot removal, shoot positioning, and and elevated humidity that excessive vine removal of basal leaves improves air flow and growth provides. Insects developing on these light penetration, which is important for the plants survive better and grow faster due to management of diseases as well as insects. 5.3-2 Best Practices Guide for Grapes for British Columbia Growers 5 Crop Protection Leafhoppers and erineum or blister mite infest pest provides an economic return to the the first leaves that emerge in spring, and these grower. Sprays should be applied at the lower leaves can be removed in June to reduce appropriate time and life-stage of the pest. numbers of these pests. A study conducted in Monitoring of grape pests and determining commercial BC vineyards showed that removal thresholds is currently based mostly on visual of basal leaves in June rather than August inspections. Yellow sticky cards can be useful reduced numbers of leafhoppers and the inci- indicators of general population trends and pest dence of bunch rot. Vine growth and berry size developmental stages. Care should be taken to were reduced only slightly and there was little conduct a thorough inspection that takes into effect on ripening or quality of fruit. Early account the variable nature of the crop and the season leaf removal might not be suitable for uneven distribution of most grape pests. Partic- stressed vines or vines on sandy sites with ular attention should be given to field edges and intense heat and light where fruit can become to areas that have experienced damage previous- sunburned. As for late season removal, partial ly. The use of double sided clear tape applied removal of leaves from only the shaded sides of around shoots or the vine cordon can be used the vines might be more suitable in these areas.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bulletin No. 206-Treehopper Injury in Utah Orchards
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU UAES Bulletins Agricultural Experiment Station 6-1928 Bulletin No. 206 - Treehopper Injury in Utah Orchards Charles J. Sorenson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/uaes_bulletins Part of the Agricultural Science Commons Recommended Citation Sorenson, Charles J., "Bulletin No. 206 - Treehopper Injury in Utah Orchards" (1928). UAES Bulletins. Paper 178. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/uaes_bulletins/178 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Agricultural Experiment Station at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in UAES Bulletins by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bulletin 2 06 June, 1928 Treehopper Injury in Utah Orchards By CHARLES J. SORENSON 3 Dorsal and side views of the following species of treehoppers: 1. Ceresa bubalus (Fabr.) ( Buffalo treehopper) 2. Stictocephala inermis (Fabr.) 3. Stictocephala gillettei Godg. (x 10 ) UTAH AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION LOGAN. UTAH UTAH AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION , BOARD OF TRUSTEES . ANTHONY W. IVINS, President __ _____ ____________________ __ ___________________ Salt Lake City C. G. ADNEY, Vice-President ____ ___ ________________________________ ________________________ Corinne ROY B ULLEN ________ __________________________ _______ _____ _____ ________ ___ ____ ______ ____ Salt Lake City LORENZO N . STOHL ______ ___ ____ ___ ______________________ __ ___ ______ _____ __________ Salt Lake City MRS. LEE CHARLES MILLER ___ ______ ___ _________ ___ _____ ______ ___ ____ ________ Salt Lake City WE S TON V ERN ON, Sr. ________________________ ___ ____ ____ _____ ___ ____ ______ __ __ _______ ________ Loga n FRANK B. STEPHENS _____ ___ __ ____ ____________ ____ ______________ __ ___________ __.___ Salt Lake City MRS.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
    INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
    [Show full text]
  • World Inventory of Beetles of the Family Bostrichidae (Coleoptera)
    Available online at www.worldnewsnaturalsciences.com WNOFNS 28 (2020) 155-170 EISSN 2543-5426 World Inventory of Beetles of the Family Bostrichidae (Coleoptera). Part 1. Check List from 1758 to 2012 Tomasz Borowski The II Laboratory of Research Works, The Independent Institution of Biopaleogeography and Biophysics, 22 Mickiewicza Str., Złocieniec, Poland E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper presents list of beetles of the family Bostrichidae and their occurrence. The paper includes: 7 subfamilies, 4 tribes, 28 genera, 5 subgenera and 155 species of beetles belonging to the family Bostrichidae. Keywords: Dinoderinae, Dysidinae, Endecatominae, Euderinae, Lyctinae, Polycaoninae, Psoinae Subfamilies Dinoderinae ..……………….156 Dysidinae ...……………....160 Endecatominae ....……………...160 Euderiinae ...………………160 Lyctinae ……….………..161 Polycaoninae .…………….….165 Psoinae ……………..….167 ( Received 02 December 2019; Accepted 23 December 2019; Date of Publication 28 December 2019 ) World News of Natural Sciences 28 (2020) 155-170 – Check List – Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Hexapoda Order: Coleoptera Family Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily Dinoderinae C.G. Thomson, 1863 Genus Dinoderus Stephens, 1830 Subgenus Dinoderus s. str. Dinoderus (Dinoderus) bifoveolatus (Wollaston, 1858) Distribution: Cosmopolitan Dinoderus (Dinoderus) borneanus Lesne, 1933 Distrubution: Borneo Dinoderus (Dinoderus) brevis Horn, 1878 Distribution: Oriental and Australian Regions Dinoderus (Dinoderus) creberrimus Lesne, 1941 Distribution:
    [Show full text]
  • Research Progress Reports for Pierce's Disease and Other
    2019 Research Progress Reports Research Progress Reports Pierce’s Disease and Other Designated Pests and Diseases of Winegrapes - December 2019 - Compiled by: Pierce’s Disease Control Program California Department of Food and Agriculture Sacramento, CA 95814 2019 Research Progress Reports Editor: Thomas Esser, CDFA Cover Design: Sean Veling, CDFA Cover Photograph: Photo by David Köhler on Unsplash Cite as: Research Progress Reports: Pierce’s Disease and Other Designated Pests and Diseases of Winegrapes. December 2019. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA. Available on the Internet at: https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/pdcp/Research.html Acknowledgements: Many thanks to the scientists and cooperators conducting research on Pierce’s disease and other pests and diseases of winegrapes for submitting reports for inclusion in this document. Note to Readers: The reports in this document have not been peer reviewed. 2019 Research Progress Reports TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1: Xylella fastidiosa and Pierce’s Disease REPORTS • Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Pierce’s Disease Epidemiology: Underappreciated Vectors, Genotypes, and Patterns of Spread Rodrigo P.P. Almeida, Monica L. Cooper, Matt Daugherty, and Rhonda Smith ......................2 • Testing of Grapevines Designed to Block Vector Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa Rodrigo P.P. Almeida ..............................................................................................................11 • Field-Testing Transgenic Grapevine Rootstocks Expressing Chimeric Antimicrobial
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Bostrichidae, Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodin
    Caldasia 43(1):172-185 | Enero-junio 2021 CALDASIA http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal Fundada en 1940 ISSN 0366-5232 (impreso) ISSN 2357-3759 (en línea) ECOLOGÍA Diversidad y distribución vertical de escarabajos barrenadores (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae, Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae) en un manglar en Tabasco, México Diversity and vertical distribution of borers beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae, Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae) in a mangrove in Tabasco, Mexico José del Carmen Gerónimo-Torres 1*, Manuel Pérez-de La Cruz 1, Aracely de La Cruz-Pérez 1, Lenin Arias-Rodríguez 1, Carlos Manuel Burelo-Ramos 1 • Recibido: 20/ene/2020 Citación: Gerónimo-Torres JC, Pérez-De La Cruz M, De La Cruz-Pérez A, Arias-Rodríguez L, Burelo-Ramos CM. • Aceptado: 22/sep/2020 2021. Diversidad y distribución vertical de escarabajos barrenadores (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae, Curculionidae: • Publicación en línea: 23/sep/2020 Scolytinae, Platypodinae) en un manglar en Tabasco, México. Caldasia 43(1):172–185. doi: https://dx.doi. org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.84499. ABSTRACT Diversity, and for the first time, the vertical distribution of borer insects (Scolytinae, Platypodinae, and Bostrichidae) are described as associated with the edge and inside of a mangrove. To determine the diversity in these sites, insects were captured with interception traps baited with 70 % ethyl alcohol and using ultraviolet light as an attractant. To analyze the vertical distribution, traps baited with ethyl alcohol were placed at 1.5 m, 6 m, and 12 m in height. According to the diversity index (1D), the bor- der was 1.36 more diverse than the inside with 15.82 and 11.67 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Report
    G R E E N V A L L E Y N A T U R E P R E S E R V E Biodiversity Report Submitted by: Amy Bandman & Kathy Wine, River Action, Inc. & Michael Reisner, Upper Mississippi Studies Center Photos by: Tim Gillman & Mik Holgersson Bio-Diversity Day 2013 1 Table of Contents Introduction to Bio-Diversity Day ....................................................................... 3 Participating Scientific Experts ............................................................................. 4 Comprehensive Species Lists ................................................................................ 5 Scientific/Common Names: Plants ................................................................................................... 5 Insects .................................................................................................. 8 Birds ................................................................................................... 10 Amphibians ...................................................................................... 12 Mammals ........................................................................................... 12 Reptiles .............................................................................................. 12 Worms ............................................................................................... 12 Summary of Species ............................................................................................. 13 2 Introduction to Bio-Diversity Day: River Action partnered with The Upper Mississippi
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Networks of Grassland Plants and Arthropods by Ellen A. R. Welti B.A., Kansas State University, 2012 an ABSTRACT of A
    Ecological networks of grassland plants and arthropods by Ellen A. R. Welti B.A., Kansas State University, 2012 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Division of Biology College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2017 Abstract Ecological communities are comprised both of species and their interactions. The importance of species interactions is embraced by ecological network analysis, a framework used to identify non-random patterns in species interactions, and the consequences of these patterns for maintaining species diversity. Here, I investigated environmental drivers of the structure of plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore networks. Specifically, I asked: (1) Do global-scale climate gradients shape mutualistic and antagonistic networks? (2) At a landscape scale (within a 3,487 ha research site), how do contrasting regimes of major grassland disturbances - fire frequency and grazing by bison (Bison bison) - shape plant-pollinator network structure? (3) How do fire and grazing affect plant-grasshopper network structure? And, (4) What is the role of plant species diversity in determining plant-herbivore network structure? At the global scale, variability in temperature was the key climatic factor regulating both antagonistic and mutualistic network structural properties. At the landscape scale, fire and grazing had major consequences for plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore communities. In particular, bison grazing increased network complexity and resistance to species loss for both plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore systems. Results from an experimental grassland restoration that manipulated plant diversity suggest that plant diversity directly affects plant-herbivore structure and increases network stability.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects on Flower
    /^^^ Ci-Ut^ 'ff CONTROLLING INSECTS ON FLOWER AGRICULTURE INFORMATION BULLETIN NO. 237 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Insects shown on front covei Top ¡eft, Japanese beetle; t right, cabbage looper; bottc left, rose chafers; bottom right, saddleback caterpillar Aphids ON FLOWERS By Floyd F. Smith, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service Every year, insects and related pests cost florists and home flower gardeners many millions of dollars in time, labor, and money. Most pests that attack flowering and ornamental-foliage plants can be con- trolled by using insecticides and by following good cultural practices. This bulletin tells how to recognize the more common pests, and sug- gests what can be done to keep them from damaging plants and gardens. It discusses only the insecticides that do not require unusual precautions in handling. CONTENTS Page Page Insects 3 Using insecticide—con. General feeders 3 Sprays 67 Specific feeders 16 Application equipment 69 Beneficial insects 64 Precautions 72 Using insecticide 67 Other control measures 72 Dusts 67 Index 75 HOW TO USE THIS BULLETIN To get maximum benefit measures. Materials used to from this bulletôn^ familiarize combat plant insects, and di- yourself with its arrange- rections for their prepara- ment as indicated in the tion, are also discussed in table of contents. this section. If you know the name of If you encounter insect an insect that is injuring your problems not discussed here, plants, refer to the index write to your county agricul- (p. 75) to find the page on tural agent, to the agricul- which it is discussed. Sug- tural college or experiment gested measures for control station in your State, or to are given at the end of the the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects-Chinery-81-91.Pdf
    MIRID BUGS .& Orthocephalus saltator. Rather hairy. Head not noticeably wider than front of pronotum. Antennae black. Tibiae red or brick~coloured (black in O. coriaceus ). Hind / femora enlarged for jumping, especially in female. Male always fully winged: female > usually brachypterous as illustrated. 6-9 in rough grassland, mainly on composites. .& Orthotylus virescens. 6-9 on broom. Partly predatory. One of many rather similar t f r ,• green bugs in this genus, although rather darker than most. Specific identification is .. ' ,.., difficult in this genus, although host plant is a good guide. The genus may be confused . '/ with some species of Lyglls and Lygocoris, but these genera are generally more robust f-" and they have a distinct collar at the front of the pronotum . t if~ ••r~.,f~,);I:~J'~'\:;i •••• Black-kneed Capsid Blepharidopterus angulatus. Named for the black patches at the ~./'/ /\ .0'[' tips of the tibiae - especia1Jy prominent in the nymphs. Antennae much shorter in i il'// \ j' some males. 6-10 on a wide range of trees, especially apple and lime. Partly predatory, Orthotylus ",' pilophorus \ ' \, virescens destroying large numbers of red spider mites in orchards. perp/exus x 3 .. x3 Pi/ophorus perp/exus. Pale bands are due to silvery hairs. 6-10 on oaks and other f ),-t"acephalus Black-kneed deciduous trees, feeding mainly on aphids and sometimes on leaves and young fruits. ,"ltator x 3 Capsid x 3 Rather active and sometimes mistaken for ants.••. P. cinnarnopterlls is similar but lives on pines. / .... / " / \ ..•. Carnpylonellra virgllia. Bright yellow cuneus with red apex distinguishes this from '\ / \ / several otherwise similar bugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Buffalo Treehopper
    Pest Profile Photo Credit: Tom Murray, Bugguide.net, Creative Commons License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd-nc/1.0/ Common Name: Buffalo Treehopper Scientific Name: Stictocephala bisonia Order and Family: Hemiptera, Membracidae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg 1.5mm Pearly white in color. Elongated, slightly curved and rounded at the base and tapered to the opposite end. 6 – 12 eggs are laid in slits on twigs during the months from July to October. These slits, produced by a very sharp ovipositor, will heal over and protect the eggs until late spring. This will cause the branch to look scabby and rough in appearance. Larva/Nymph Start out about Nymphs are green, wingless and 2 mm for the first stage, molting have a spiny appearance. several times and increasing in size to adult stage Adult 6-8mm Bright green to grassy green in color. Page 1 of 2 Triangular shaped pronotum with two prominent points that resemble the head and horns of an American bison. Transparent wings are folded on the sides. Pupa (if applicable) Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Piercing - sucking Host plant/s: Apple, ash, elm, peach, cherry, Black Locust, clovers, goldenrods, asters, and willow. Description of Damage (nymph and adults): Damage occurs to young twigs of trees when slits are made during ovipositing. This scarring will become scabby and is a site for plant pathogens. Depending on the infestation, scarring can weaken or stunt the growth of the small limbs. Honeydew secretions can lead to sooty mold growth on leaves and stems. References: Cranshaw, W.
    [Show full text]
  • Communities of Canopy-Dwelling Arthropods in Response to Diverse
    Published September 20, 2018 Agricultural & Communities of Canopy-Dwelling Environmental Arthropods in Response to Diverse Forages Letters Research Letter Krishna B. Bhandari,* C. P. West, and S. D. Longing Core Ideas • True bugs, grasshoppers, and spiders were Abstract: ‘WW-B.Dahl’ old world bluestem (OWB) [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. among the more abundant canopy arthropods Blake] is an important warm-season perennial grass pasture in semiarid western in pastures. Texas. This grass deters pestiferous ants; however, its effect on canopy-dwelling insects is not documented. The abundance of canopy-dwelling arthropods • Old world bluestem had among the least among OWB, OWB–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), alfalfa, and native grass pastures abundance of canopy arthropods in 2 out of 3 was compared by sweep-net sampling over 3 yr (2014–2016). Forty-six families yr. of nine insect orders and a single family of spider (Araneae: Araneidae) were • Old world bluestem provides a less favorable identified. Among total individuals, 85% were insects and 15% were spiders. habitat than alfalfa for canopy insects. Housefly (Musca spp., Diptera: Muscidae), potato leafhopper (Empoasca spp., Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), lygus bug (Lygus hesperus, Hemiptera: Miridae), and spur-throated grasshopper (Melanoplus spp., Orthoptera: Acrididae) were other abundant taxa. Among the insects collected, spur-throated grasshoppers were the most abundant, comprising 12% of total taxa. Alfalfa hosted the greatest number of total insects, including pests such as potato leafhopper and lygus bug. Lower abundances of pestiferous insects were found in OWB while still hosting greater abundances of some arthropods of ecological significance such as spider and ladybird beetle (Hippodamia spp., Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
    [Show full text]
  • Exotic Bark- and Wood-Boring Coleoptera in the United States: Recent Establishments and Interceptions1
    269 Exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera in the United States: recent establishments and interceptions1 Robert A. Haack Abstract: Summary data are given for the 25 new species of exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera first reported in the continental United States between 1985 and 2005, including 2 Buprestidae (Agrilus planipennis and Agrilus prionurus), 5 Cerambycidae (Anoplophora glabripennis, Callidiellum rufipenne, Phoracantha recurva, Sybra alternans, and Tetrops praeusta), and 18 Scolytidae (Ambrosiodmus lewisi, Euwallacea fornicatus, Hylastes opacus, Hylurgops palliatus, Hylurgus ligniperda, Orthotomicus erosus, Phloeosinus armatus, Pityogenes bidentatus, Scolytus schevyrewi, Tomicus piniperda, Xyleborinus alni, Xyleborus atratus, Xyleborus glabratus, Xyleborus pelliculosus, Xyleborus pfeilii, Xyleborus seriatus, Xyleborus similis, and Xylosandrus mutilatus). In addition, summary interception data are presented for the wood-associated beetles in the families Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Lyctidae, Platypodidae, and Scolytidae, based on the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service “Port Information Network” database for plant pests intercepted at US ports of entry from 1985 to 2000. Wood-associated insects were most often intercepted on crating, followed by dunnage and pallets. The five imported products most often associated with these 8341 interceptions were tiles, machinery, marble, steel, and ironware. A significantly higher proportion of the most frequently intercepted true bark beetles
    [Show full text]