Bulletin No. 206-Treehopper Injury in Utah Orchards
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Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU UAES Bulletins Agricultural Experiment Station 6-1928 Bulletin No. 206 - Treehopper Injury in Utah Orchards Charles J. Sorenson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/uaes_bulletins Part of the Agricultural Science Commons Recommended Citation Sorenson, Charles J., "Bulletin No. 206 - Treehopper Injury in Utah Orchards" (1928). UAES Bulletins. Paper 178. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/uaes_bulletins/178 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Agricultural Experiment Station at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in UAES Bulletins by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bulletin 2 06 June, 1928 Treehopper Injury in Utah Orchards By CHARLES J. SORENSON 3 Dorsal and side views of the following species of treehoppers: 1. Ceresa bubalus (Fabr.) ( Buffalo treehopper) 2. Stictocephala inermis (Fabr.) 3. Stictocephala gillettei Godg. (x 10 ) UTAH AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION LOGAN. UTAH UTAH AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION , BOARD OF TRUSTEES . ANTHONY W. IVINS, President __ _____ ____________________ __ ___________________ Salt Lake City C. G. ADNEY, Vice-President ____ ___ ________________________________ ________________________ Corinne ROY B ULLEN ________ __________________________ _______ _____ _____ ________ ___ ____ ______ ____ Salt Lake City LORENZO N . STOHL ______ ___ ____ ___ ______________________ __ ___ ______ _____ __________ Salt Lake City MRS. LEE CHARLES MILLER ___ ______ ___ _________ ___ _____ ______ ___ ____ ________ Salt Lake City WE S TON V ERN ON, Sr. ________________________ ___ ____ ____ _____ ___ ____ ______ __ __ _______ ________ Loga n FRANK B. STEPHENS _____ ___ __ ____ ____________ ____ ______________ __ ___________ __.___ Salt Lake City MRS. BURTON W . MUSSER _______________________________ ___ __________________ Salt Lake City W IL FO RD DAY ___ ___ ______ -_ __________ _________________ ___ __________ ________ _____ __ ___ _____ _____ Pa rowan FREDERICK P. CHAMP ____ __ _____ ____ ________________ __________________ ____ __ _________________ Logan JOHN E . GRIFFIN ______________ ___ ___________ ____ ________ ___ ___ ___ __ _________ _______ __________ ___ N ewto n J. R. BEU S ____ _____ ___ _____ _~ ____________ __ ___ __ ____ __ _____ __ _____ ___________ __ ______ ______ ____ __ _______ Hooper H. E. CROCKETT, Secretary of State (ex-officio) ____ _____ ______ __ ___ Salt Lake City R. E. BERNTSON, Secretary ---- ___ _________ ___ .__ ____ ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ __ ____________ ___ ____ _ Logan EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF E. G. PETERSON, Ph. D ., ______ __ __ ____ President of the College WILLIAM PETERSON, B. S. , .__ ___ __ _ Director and Geologist H. J . FREDERICK, D . V . M . _______ ___ __ ___ ________ ____ __ ___ ___ __ _____ ______ ____ ____ Veterinarian J . E. GREAVES, Ph. D . ___ ____________ ___ __ ___ __ __ _______ __________ Chemist and Bacteriologist GEORGE B. CAINE, A. M. ___ ____ __ _______ ___ ______ __________________ _____ Dairy Husbandman R. L. HILL, Ph. D . __________ __ __ ____ _______ ___ __.. ______ ______ ________________ _______ Human Nutrition GEORGE STEWART, Ph. D . .__ ______ ___ ______ __ ___ .__ __ .._ _________ __ ___ ___ ___ ._ __ ___ Agronomist O. W. ISRAELSEN, Ph. D . ____ __ _______ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ Irrigation and Drainage Engineer BYRON ALDER, B. S. __ ____ ________. __ ___ ___ .__ ___ ___ ______ ____ __ ____ __ __ Poultry Husbandman DA VID S. JENNINGS, Ph. D . __ ____ ________________ _____ ____ __ ______ ___ _________ _____ ______ ___ __ Soils WILLARD GARDNER, Ph. D. __ __ __ ___ ___ ____ _____ _______ ______ __ _~ ____ ____ ___ ________ __ _ Physicist B. L. RICHARDS, Ph. D . __ __ _ __ ___ ___ _____ ____ __ ____ ___ _ Botanist and Plant Pathologist KENNETH C. IKELER, M. S. ______ ___ __ ___ ___ ________ ________ __ __ ___ Animal Husbandman .. L.~.. ~M.. ~~WINSOR~~ t;,' M.::.. SS.-.- -~ ~~~~___ _~__~~==___~=____~~=~=_____~~=___===~_ ~~====~~~~=___ __ ______===___===___~=_==~~~= Associate~~=~=====~ ~Irrigation== F~ r! n~c: Engineer ~~O!~ : ~ E. G. CARTER, Dr. P . H. ___ _____ __ ___ __ _____ ____ _________ ____ ____ __ _ Associate Bacteriologist C. T . HIRST, M. S. __ __ ___ ___ __ ______ __.. _ __________ _______ ____ ___ _________ __ ______ Associate Chemist D . W. PIT TMAN, M. S. ___ __ __ _- ____ ___ ___ ___ .__ _______ __ __ _____ ________ Associate Agronomist *M . D. THOMAS, M. A. __ __ __ ___ ___ _: _____ ___ ____ __ _____ __ _______ ____ __ Associate Soil Chemist F. B. WANN, Ph. D. __ __ __ __ ____ ______ ____.__ ___ _____ __ ___ _______ Associate Plant Physiologist JOSEPH A _ GEDDES, Ph. D . ____ ___ __ ____ __ _____ _____ ___ ___ _ Associate Rural Sociologist R. J. BECRAFT, M . S. ___ ___ ___ ___ _______ ___ ___ __ _.___ _____ Assistant in Range Management GEORGE D . CLYDE, M. S. ___ __ ___ ____________ ______ _____ __ _ Assistant Irrigation Engineer A. F. BRACKEN, M. A. __ ______ ____ Assistant Agronomist and Superintendent, Nephi Substation A. L. WILSON, M. A. ____ _____ _ Superintendent, Davis County Experimental Farm A. C. ESPLIN, B. S. ____ __ ___ ___ ---- ___ __ _____ __ ____ ___ ________ Assistant Animal Husbandman CHARLES J . SORENSON, M. A. __ _____ ___________ __ _____ ______ __ _ Assistant Entomologist DELMAR C. TINGEY, M. A. ___ _________ ______ ___________ ________ _____ Assistant Agronomist ALMEDA PERRY BROWN, M. S. _____ ____________ ____ _ Assistant in Home Economics W. PRESTON THOMAS, M. S. _________ _______ __ __ __ ______ _______ __ Assistant in Marketing GEORGE F. KNOWLTON, M. S. ----__ ___ ______ ____ _________ ___ _ Assistant Entomologist H. LORAN BLOOD, M . S. ______ _______ __ ___ ___________ ____ __ __ _ Assistant Plant Pathologist FRANCIS M. COE, M. S. __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ __ ________ ____________ _ - Assistant Horticulturist GEORGE Q. BATEMAN, B. S. ______ __ Superintendent, Dairy Experimental Farm JOHN W . CARLSON, M. A. __________ __ Superintendent, Alfalfa-seed Experimental Farm, Uintah Basin HARRIET MORGAN, M . S. ____ __ ___ __ _____ ______ ____ __ __ __ _ Assistant in Home Economics LE MOYNE WILSON, B. S. ___ ____ ___ ___ ______ __ _____ Superintendent, San Pete County Experimental Farm B. F. HULME, B. S. ____ __ _____ _________ _ Superintendent, Panguitch Li:vestock Farm I. D . ZOBELL, B. S. ___ ____ _____ Superintendent, Carbon County Expen.mental Farm C. A. HYMAS, B. S. _____________ _____ Superintendent, Sheep E xpenmental Farm RUSSELL E. BERNTSON __ ___ __ ___ __ ____ __ __ ___ __ ___ _____ Secretary and Purchas ing Agent BLANCHE CONDIT -PITTMAN, A. B. ___ ____ ____ ___ ____ __ Publications and Library DAVID A. BURGOYNE, B. S. ___ _____ ____ __ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ________ ___ __ Secretary to D irector *00 leave. 3 Treehopper Injury in Utah Orchards Charles J. Sorenson INTRODUCTION Treehopper injury is a problem that has given many fruit growers in Utah some concern during recent years. These people have observed that their young fruit trees and the twigs and smaller branches of older trees have been attacked during the autumn of each year in a manner that p'rod~ced numerous cuts which later formed scars. The trees frequently became unthrifty, and more or less de formed and stunted, as a result of these annual attacks. The investigation reported in this publication was made for the purpose of ascertaining the present status of the treehopper situation 1i1 Utah orchards. DESCRIPTION OF INJURY The injury in orchards is a result of the egg-laying process of a f l? w species of treehoppers. Just before depositing their eggs in them, the females cut slits, about a quarter of an inch long, in the bark of various trees and shrubs. One- and 2-year-old wood is usually se.lected in which to lay the eggs. Most of the incisions made in the bark by the buffalo treehopper, Ceresa bubalus (Fabr.), extend through the cambium and frequently into the underlying wood. From these cuts there is a loss of sap. This is particularly notice able in young peach trees which have been attacked and quite evident in older pea'Ch trees. Apricot, cherry, and prune trees are infrequently attacked by treehoppers in Utah, but when they are, they " bleed" in much the same manner as peach trees. In apple and pear trees there is not the pronounced evidence of sap loss such as is characteristic of ueehopper injury in trees of the stone fruits. Sap oozes from the tree hopper wounds until the cut tissues have healed sufficiently to stop its flow. The female buffalo treehopper, C. bubalus, usually, though not always, cuts her egg-pockets in pairs, the two slits of which are ap proximately parallel and about one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch apart. The incisions are made in such a way that the intervening bark usually dies. After two or three years the paired egg-pockets often appear as a single enlarged scar. Examples of treehopper in jury in fruit trees are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Approved for publication by Director, May 15, 1928. 4- Fig. 1. Pear twigs showing typical injury caused by treehoppers. Egg-pockets and scars. DISTRIBUTION OF INJURY In a general survey, including most of the orchard districts of the state, from Lewiston in the northern part to St. George in the ex tn'me southern part, and from Vernal on the east to Delta on the west, treehoppers or fruit trees injured by them were found. In Salt Lake, 5 Davis, Utah, Weber, Boxelder, and Washington Counties, which in clude the principal and oldest orchard districts of the state, treehop .pers occurred in greatest abundance.