Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII
CONTENT
Page No.
Theme - 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones 1 - 8
Theme - 2 Kings, Farmers and Towns 9 - 18
Theme - 4 Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings 19 - 26
Theme - 5 Through the Eyes of Travellers 27 - 31
Theme - 7 An Imperial Capital : Vijayanagara 32 - 37
Theme - 11 Rebels and the Raj 38 - 43
Theme - 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movements 44 - 49
Theme - 17 Kerala : Towards modernity 50 - 56
1 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII THEME – 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones Major Ideas
• Subsistence Strategies • Mohenjodaro - A planned Urban centre • Social differences • Craft production • Procuring Materials • Seals, Scripts and Weights • Decline Activity - 1
Complete the following.
Subsistence Strategies of the Harappan People • Agriculture • ...... • ...... • ......
Activity - 2
Find out the answer. Agricultural Technologies
Statements True/False • Millets were found from sites in Rajasthan ...... • Terracotta models of plough were found at Banawali ...... • Banawali is in Gujarat ...... • Evidence of ploughed field was found from shortughai ...... • Kalibangan is in Haryana ...... • Traces of canals were found at Lothal ...... • Water reservoirs were found in Dholavira ...... • Dholavira is in Punjab ......
1 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 3 Tracking Social Differences
Studying burials ......
Activity - 4
Complete the table. Model : Meluha : Harappa
• Magan : ......
• Dilmun : ......
Activity - 5
Complete the chart.
To facilitate long • ...... distance communication Seals
• ......
Activity - 6
Fill in the blanks. Undeciphered
......
Scripts
......
2 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Domestic Architecture Courtyard with Courtyard sides all on rooms • • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... Carefully planned Carefully streets and Roads pattern grid on Drainage System Drainage • • • ...... • ...... • ...... Great Bath Great Rectangular tank Rectangular all on Corridor sides four • • • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... Town planning in Mohenjodaro in planning Town Larger but lower but Larger Walled ...... on built Buildings building Planned Lower Town Lower platforms • • • • • Citadel Smaller, but higher but Smaller, Walled Structures Two • • • • ...... • ...... Activity - 7 Complete the table.
3 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII From Copper of Traces Harappan from oman from Nickel from jar Oman distant lands distant • • • Procuring Materials Sending Expeditions khetri Copper (Rajasthan) available Establishing Nageshwar Shell raw materials are materials raw • settlements where settlements ...... Raw materials Centres of Centres production Identifying • • • • stones cemented together ...... Techniques Two or more or Two • • • Craft Craft Production Shapes Disc shaped Disc ...... • • • • • Bead making Bead Carnelian ...... Copper ...... Shell Materials used Materials • • • • • • • • works Major craft Major Complete the table. the Complete Bead making Bead ...... making Weight • • • • • Activity -8
4 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 9
Weights of the Harappan people
? ? ? ? Metal scale - pans
Activity - 10
Decline of the Harappan Civilization
Causes for the Decline of the Harappan civilization
Climatic change
......
......
......
......
......
5 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Hints Activity - 1
• Domestication of animals • Hunting • Fishing Activity - 2
False - Millets were found from sites in Gujarat True - False - Banawali is in Haryana False - Evidence of ploughed field was found from Kalibangan False - Kalibangan is in Rajasthan False - Traces of canals were found at Shortughai (Afghanistan) True False - Dholavira is in Gujarat Activity - 3
• Studying artefacts Activity 4
• Oman • Bahrain Activity 5
• To reveal the identity of the sender • To ensure that the objects sent reached intact Activity 6
• Not alphabetical • Short inscriptions • 375 to 400 signs found • Wrote from rights to left Activity 7
Citadel • Warehouse
6 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII • Great Bath Lower Town • Residential area Great Bath • Two flights of steps in North and South • Made watertight by setting bricks, mortar and gypsum • Rooms on all three sides • A well in one room • Eight bathrooms • Drainage from bathrooms • May be used for special ritual bath Drainage • Streets with drainage • Domestic waste water into street drains • One wall of every house near the road side Domestic architecture • Courtyard was centre of activities like cooking and weaving • Concern for privacy • No windows on ground level • Every houses had bathrooms with drains • Remains of staircases • Many houses had wells Activity 8
Major Crafts Shell cutting, Metal working, Seal making Materials Jasper, Crystal, Quartz, Steatite, Bronze, Gold, Faience, Terracotta. Shapes Cylindrical, Spherical, Barrel shaped, Segmented
7 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Techniques • Crushed, pasted and moulded • By firing Centres of production Tools, unfinished objects, rejects and waste materials Shell Balakot Lapis Lazuli Shortughai Activity 9
• Made of stone chart • Cubical in shape • Lower denominations binary • Higher denominations in decimal system Activity 10
• Deforestation • Excessive flood • Shifting of rivers • Drying up of rivers • Over use of landscape
8 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII
THEME – 2 Kings Farmers and Towns Major Ideas
• Rise of Magadha • Mauryan Empire • New Notions of Kingship • Trade and Towns • Limitations of Inscriptional evidence Activity – 1
Complete the diagram.
? Iron Mines ?
Causes for the rise of Magadha
? Ambitious kings ?
Activity – 2
The major sources in connection with the Mauryan Empire. • Accounts of Megasthenes • ...... • ...... • ...... • ......
9 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 3
Complete the flow chart regarding the administration in the Mauryan Empire.
Mauryan Administration
Five major political centres
Six committees for co-ordinating military activity Capital Provincial centres • • • • •
• First : Looked after the navy
• Strongest administrative control in • Second : the capital and the provincial • Third : centres • Fourth : • ...... • Fifth : • ...... • Sixth : Elephants
10 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 4
Dhamma Policy of Asoka
Appointed ‘Dhamma Mahamatta’ Inscribed messages on stone surfaces to spread Dhamma
Asoka’s Dhamma
Dhamma includes
• Respect towards elders • • • •
Activity - 5
Complete the following.
Chiefs and kings in south and central India
North Western and Ancient Tamilakam Central and Western Western India India
• Cheras • ...... • ...... • ...... • ......
11 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 6
Complete the chart.
Divine Kings
Colossal statues near Mathura
? Kushanas
?
?
Activity - 7
Complete the diagram.
Gupta Empire
Coins Depended on Samantas Historical sources ? ?
• Maintained themselves • Composed in praise of kings Prashastis through local resources and patrons by poets
• ...... • ...... • ......
12 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 8
Complete the chart with the help of the map given below.
Towns
Town located on riverine route Pataliputra
Town along land route ?
Town near the coast ?
Town which was a bustling centre of commercial, cultural and ? political activity.
13 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 9
Complete the table. Urban Population
Kings and ruling elites Other people who lived in fortified cities lived in Towns
• Washing folk • • • • • Activity - 10
Complete the diagram.
Organisations of craft producers ?
Guilds/Shrenis
Regulated production ?
Activity - 11
The limitations of inscriptional evidence. • Letters are very faintly engraved • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ......
14 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Yaudheyas of Yaudheyas and Punjab Haryana • Tribal republics Tribal • • • Guptas Hoards of Roman of Hoards been have coins South from found India. Roman Coins Roman • • Coins Kushanas a. Issued first gold coins gold first Issued in identical were They with weight Roman contemporary coins Parthian and • • Indo-Greeks Issued first Issued bear to coins and names the rulers of images • Earliest coins Earliest Punch-masked coins Punch-masked Complete the chart regarding the coins of ancient Indi ancient of coins the regarding chart the Complete • • • • Activity - 12
15 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Hints
Activity - 1
• Areas suitable for agricultural production • Elephants • Ganga and its tributaries • Location of capitals Activity – 2
• Arthashastra of Kautilya or Chanakya • Buddhist, Jaina and Puranic literature • Inscriptions of Asoka • Sanskrit Literature Activity – 3 Capital – Pataliputra
Provincial centres
• Taxila • Ujjayini • Tosali • Suvarnagiri • Carefully chosen provincial centres • Communication. Second : Transport and provisions Third : Foot – Soldiers Fourth : Horses Fifth : Chariots Activity – 4
• Generosity towards Brahmanas • Treating slaves and servants kindly • Respect other religions and traditions
16 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 5
• Cholas • Pandyas • Shakas • Satavahanas Activity – 6
• Statues in Afghanistan • Considered themselves like god • Adopted the title devaputra Activity – 7
Samantas • Offered homage and provided military support to rulers • Powerful Samantas could become kings Sources • Literature • Inscriptions Prashastis
• Prayaga Prashashti was composed by Harisena, the court poet of Samudragupta. Activity – 8
• Ujjayini • Puhar • Mathura Activity – 9
• Weavers • Scribes • Carpenters • Potters • Goldsmiths
17 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII • Blacksmiths • Officials • Religious teachers • Merchants Activity – 10
• Procured raw material • Marketed the finished product Activity – 11
• Inscriptions may be damaged • Difficult to understand the exact meaning • Problem of decipherment • Many inscriptions have not survived the ravages of time. • Did not mention all the important political and economic matters. • It projects the perspective of the person who commissioned them. Activity – 12
Punch marked coins
• Silver and copper • Rulers like Mauryas issued • Merchants, bankers, towns people also issued coins. Roman coins
• South India had trade connections with Roman empire Guptas
• Issued spectacular gold coins • Remarkable for its purity • Facilitated long distance transactions
18 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII THEME – 4 Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Major Ideas
• Sacrifices and debates • Jainism • Buddhism • Stupas • Mahayana Buddhism Activity – 1
Complete the flow chart. Thinkers
Iran China? India
• Socrates ? ? • Buddha • Plato Activity – 2 • ...... •
Complete the chart.
Rigveda ?
Compiled between C.1500 and 1000 BCE ? Activity - 3 Complete the table.
Sacrifices performed by chiefs and kings
? Rajasuya
19 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 4 Complete the table.
? Kutagarashala A hut with a pointed roof
? Activity - 5 Fill in the blanks.
Entire world is animated ?
Principles of Jainism
? ?
Activity - 6 Five vows of Jainism.
? Observe celibacy
Five vows of Jainism
? ?
?
20 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 7 Fill in the blanks.
World is transient and constantly changing ?
Teachings of Buddhism
? ?
Activity - 8 Complete the chart.
Body of the disciples of Buddha
?
? Buddhist Sangha ?
?
?
21 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 9
Complete the chart in connection with Stupas.
Stupas
Why were built How built Structure Early stupas
Donations were made by • Contained the relics of • Anda • Sanchi kings and others for the Buddha construction of stupas • Harmika • Bharhut • Venerated as an emblem Satavahanas of both Buddha and • • • Buddhism • Guilds • • • Asoka and construction • of stupas •
Activity - 10
Complete the table.
? Idea of Saviour
Mahayana Buddhism
? ?
22 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 11
Identify the places with the help of the map given below.
Birth place of Buddha ?
Buddha attained enlightenment ?
Buddha gave his first sermon ?
Buddha attained nibbana ?
23 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 12
Complete the chart in connection with the emergence of Buddhism and Jainism.
Factors that contributed to the emergence of Buddhism and Jainism
Debates and Sacrificial tradition New questions discussions
Pre-existing traditions • • People were curious • Different schools of thought, religious about the meaning of of thought belief and practice life, life after death and • • Rigveda rebirth • • Sacrifices •
Hints
Iran – Zarathustra China – Kong Zi Greece – Aristotle India – Mahavira
Activity - 2
• Hymns in praise of Agni, Indra and Soma • Chanted during sacrifices Activity - 3
• Ashvamedha Activity - 4
• Place where debates took place • If a philosopher succeeded in convincing one of his rivals, the followers of the latter became his disciple.
24 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 5
• Non-injury to living beings • Cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through Karma • Asceticism and penance are required to free oneself from the cycle of Karma Activity - 6
• Abstain from killing • Abstain from stealing • Abstain from lying • Abstain from possessing property Activity - 7
• Nothing permanent or eternal in the world • Sorrow is intrinsic to human existence • Path of moderation between severe penance and self indulgence Activity - 8
• An organisation of monks. • Simple life • Bhikkus • Bhikkunis • Members were regarded as equal • Followers came from different social groups. • Here consensus were arrived at through discussions Activity - 9
How built • Women and men • Bhikkus and bhikkhunis Structure • Yashti • Chhatri • Railing
25 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Early stupas • Amaravati • Shah-ji-ki-Dheri Activity – 10
• Bodhisatta • The worship of the images of Buddha • Great vehicle Activity – 11
• Lumbini • Bodh Gaya • Sarnath • Kusinagara Activity – 12
New questions • Began to speculate the significance of sacrificial tradition Debates and Discussions • Kutagarashala • Questioned the authority of Vedas
26 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII THEME – 5 Through the Eyes of Travellers Major Ideas
• Al Biruni • Ibn Battuta • Francois Bernier Activity - 1
Arrange the following appropriately in the given table.
Khwarizm, Oriental despotism, Rihla, France, 973 CE, Montesquieu, Kitab uI Hind, Morocco, Travels in the Mughal Empire, Reached Sind in 1333, Louid XIV, Social divisions in ancient Persia, Crown ownership of land, Coconut and paan, Private property, Karl Marx, Notion of pollution, Postal system, Dara Shukoh, Asiatic mode of production.
Al Biruni Ibn Battuta Francois Bernier
• ...... • ...... • ......
• ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ......
• ...... • ...... • ...... • ......
• ......
• ......
• ......
27 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 2
Complete the table.
Al Biruni
Early life Kitab ul Hind Barriers Caste System
• Born in 973 in • Written in Arabic • Explained caste Khwarizm • ...... by comparing • Deals with subjects • Language with other • Learnt many like religion • ...... societies languages • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • • ...... • ...... alchemy • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • Distinctive style • ...... • ...... • ...... • ......
Activity - 3
Fill in the blanks.
Views of Ibn Battuta on Indian Cities
• Full of opportunities for those who are able and have resources and skills. • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ......
28 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 4 Complete the chart.
Postal system
...... Inns and Guest houses
A unique system of communication
......
Activity - 4 Comparing East and West by Francois Bernier
Comparing East and West (Question of Private Property)
Bernier frequently compared India with Europe
......
......
......
......
......
......
29 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Hints Activity - 1 Al Biruni Ibn Battuta Francois Bernier Oriental despotism Khwarizm Rihla Montesquieu
973 CE, Morocco France Kitab ul Hind, Travels in the Mughal Empire Reached Sind in 1333 Social divisions in Louis XIV ancient Persia, Coconut and paan Crown ownership of land Private property Notion of pollution Postal system Karl Marx Dara Shukoh Asiatic mode of production Activity - 2
Early Life • Mahumud Gazni invaded Khawarizm and took Al Biruni. • When Punjab was conquered by Gazni sultan Al Biruni also came to India. • He came to contract with local Sanskrit scholars. Kita ul Hind • Philosophy, festivals, astronomy, manners and customes, social life, weights and measures, iconography, laws and metrology. • Mathematical approach • Started with a question, description and ended with comparison of cultures. • Due to his mathematical orientation. Barriers • Religious Beliefs • Self absorption and consequent insularity of the local people. Caste System • Ancient Persia - Four social divisions - knights and princes; monks; fire-priest and lawyers; physicians, astronomers and other scientists. • Islam considered all men as equal. • Described about varna system. • But opposed the notion of pollution.
30 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII • Everything which falls into impurity strives and succeeds in regaining its original condition. • Notion of pollution was against the laws of nature. Activity - 3 Indian Cities • Cities were densely populated • Streets were crowded • Colourful markets with variety of goods • Delhi was a vast city with great population • Another one was Daulatabad • Bazaars were places of economic transaction and also hub of social and cultural activities. • There were mosques and temples. • Spaces for public performance like dance and music. • Cities obtained wealth from villages. Activity - 4 System of Communication • Allowed merchants to send information and remit credit across long distances. • Despatched goods required short notice. • The normal time to reach Delhi from Sind was 50 days but news reports of spies reached to the Sultan within five days through this postal system. Activity - 5 Comparing East and West • He emphasized the superiority of Europe • He believed in the superiority of Private property. • In Europe there were private property, but India lacked it. • Crown ownership of land is the cause of all problems in India. • So people could not pass the lands to thier children. • So they did not interest in long term investments on land. • It affected production adversely. • In India, there are two classes only - a ruling rich class and poor masses - No middle class. • Indian cities were ruined and contaminated with ill air • All these problems were due to the absence of private property. • But none of the Mughal documents show that the state was the sole owner of land.
31 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII THEME – 7 An Imperial Capital : Vijayanagara Major Ideas
• The capital and its environs • Royal centre • Sacred centre Activity – 1
Complete the following diagram.
? Fortifications
Features of the capital–Vijayanagara
? Roads
?
Activity – 2
Water resources in the Vijayanagara empire
Water Resources
River Tungabhadra
?
?
?
32 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 3
Complete the chart.
Seven lines of fortifications
? ? Features of the fortifications in Linked hills surrounding the city Vijayanagara ? ?
Well-guarded gates
Activity – 4 Roads in the Vijayanagara
• Roads were within the city and leading out from it. • ...... • ...... • ......
Activity – 5 The urban core.
• Occupied by rich traders • ...... • ...... • ...... • Numerous shrines and small temples • ......
33 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 6
Complete the diagram. Palaces
Temples ?
Royal Centre
? ?
?
Activity – 7
Complete the chart.
Massive Platform
? ? Mahanavami dibba Mahanavami festival
?
34 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 8 Sacred Centre in the Vijayanagara
Virupaksha Temple Temple of Pampadevi
Sacred Centre
? ?
? Activity –9
Complete the table.
Sacred Centre
Gopurams Mandapas
• ? • ? • ? • ?
Activity – 10
Complete the table by adding appropriates from the bracket.
i. Abdur Razzaq ?
ii. Mackenzie ?
iii. Hindu Suratrana ?
iv. Krishnadevaraya ?
(Map drawing, Hall in Virupaksha temple, Persia, Ruler’s link with God)
35 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Hints
Activity – 1
• Water Resources • Royal Centre • Sacred Centre Activity – 2
• Streams • Kamalapuram Tank • Hiriya Canal Activity – 3
• Encircled the city, agricultural hinter land and forests • Massive masonry construction • No mortar or cementing agent • Wedge shaped stone blocks • Square or rectangular bastions • Elaborate strategy Activity – 4
• Gateways and pavements • Wound around through the valleys • Avoided rocky terrain • Lined by bazaars Activity – 5
• Little evidence of the houses of ordinary people. • Chinese porcelain • Muslim residential quarter • Tombs and mosques • Mandapas • Different communities • Sources of water
36 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 6
• Audience Hall • Mahanavami dibba • Lotus Mahal • Hazara Rama temple Activity – 7
• Wooden structure • Relief carvings • Ceremonies had symbolic meanings Activity – 8
• Gopurams • Mandapas • Vitthala temple Activity – 9
Gopurams • Gateways • Dwarfed towers • Signalled the presence of the temple • Reminders of the power of kings Mandapas • Pavilions • Long pillared corridors Activity – 10
• i. Persia • ii. Map drawing • iii. Rulers link with God • iv. Hall in Virupaksha temple
37 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII THEME – 11 Rebels and the Raj Major Ideas
• Leaders and followers • Rumours and prophecies • Images of the Revolt Activity – 1
Complete the following diagram.
Leaders and centres of the Revolt of 1857
Bahadur Shah ? Kunwar Singh Wajid Ali Shah ?
? Kanpur ? ? Barout
? Gonoo
Lucknow ?
38 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 2
Identify the major centres of the revolt of 1857 from the map of ancient India given below :
The place where Bahadur Shah led the revolt of 1857 ?
The place where Nana Sahib led the revolt of 1857 ?
The place where Wajid Ali Shah ruled ?
The place where people hailed Birjis Qadr ? as their Nawab
The place where Rani Lakshmi Bai led the revolt of 1857 ?
39 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 3
Complete the following diagram related with rumours and prophecies of the revolt of 1857. Rumours Prophecy
Cartridges were greased with the • • ...... fat of cows and pigs. • ...... Activity – 4
Complete the following. Relief of Lucknow ?
? Joseph Noel Paton Activity – 5
Images of the revolt of 1857 ?
? ?
Justice
Images of the reovt of 1857 of reovt the of Images ? Activity – 6
Complete the flow chart.
Role of Nationalist images
Keeping alive the memory of the Revolt of 1857
?
?
40 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 7
Complete the following diagram related with Jhansi Rani.
Pictorial representations of Jhansi Rani
Masculine figure
?
?
Activity – 8
Complete the following.
Images of the revolt of 1857
Celebrating English women and Vengeance and No time for the saviours the honour of Britain retribution clemency
• Relief of • In • Miss • Justice • The Lucknow Memoriam Wheeler clemency • ...... of Canning • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... • ......
41 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Hints Activity – 1
• Delhi
• Nana Sahib
• Birjis Qadr
• Arrah
• Awadh
• Shah Mal
• Singhbhum (Chotanagpur)
Activity – 2
• Delhi
• Kanpur
• Awadh
• Lucknow
• Jhansi
Activity – 3
• Mixed the bone dust of cows and pigs into the flour.
• End of the British rule on the centenary of the Battle of Plassey
Activity – 4
• Thomas Jones Barker
• In Memoriam
Activity – 5
• Relief of Lucknow
• In Memoriam
• Miss Wheeler
• The Clemency of Canning
42 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 6
• Presented as heroic figures
• Heroic poems were written
Activity – 7
• Portrayed in battle armour, with a sword in hand and riding a horse
• A symbol of the determination.
Activity – 8
Relief of Lucknow
• Thomas Jones Barker
• 1859
• Celebrates the moment of Campell’s entry
• British Power and control had been re-established
In Memoriam
• Joseph Noel Paton
• English women and children looking helpless and innocent
• Depicted the rebels as violent and brutish.
Miss Wheeler
• Women appear as heroic
• Defending her honour, single-handedly killing the attacking rebels
Justice
• Allegorical female figure.
• Posture is aggressive
• Trampling sepoys under her feet
The Clemency of Canning
• Mocked in the British Press
• Punch magazine
• Depicted as looming father figure.
43 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII UNIT - 13 MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS
Major Ideas
• Early struggles • Non co-operation • Salt Satyagraha • Quit India Activity – 1
Complete the table.
Bipin Chandra Pal
?
? LalPal Bal
Activity – 2 Activities of Gandhiji in South Africa
Went to South Africa as a lawyer
Leader of the Indian Community
44 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 3
Complete the time line.
Gandhiji’s Speech at Banaras 1916
Champaran Satyagraha ......
Ahmedabad Mill Strike ......
Kheda Satyagraha ......
Activity - 4
Complete the chart. Censorship of the Press
Permitted detention without trial
...... Rowlatt Act of 1919 ......
......
...... Activity - 5
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
Amritsar in Punjab in 1919
To protest against Rowlatt Act The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Bagh Jallianwala The
45 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 6
The Non-co-operation movement • Boycott schools and colleges • ...... • ...... • ...... • Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 Activity – 7
Complete the diagram.
Nehru became the ? President of INC
Lahore Congress - 1929
? Poorna Swaraj
Activity – 8
Complete the table.
British monopoly in the manufacture and sale of salt
Widely disliked law in India
? Dandi March Dandi ?
?
46 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 9
Round table Conferences
First Conference 1930 Congress boycotted
Second Conference ? ?
Third Conference ? ?
Activity – 10
Complete the time line.
September 1939 Congress ministries assumed office
Congress ministries resigned
Pakistan resolution
Sir Stafford Cripps visited India
Cabinet Mission
Direct Action Day
Activity – 11 Quit India Movement 1942
• Failure of the Cripps Mission • ...... • Gandhiji was arrested • ...... • ...... • ......
47 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Hints
Activity – 1
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak • Lala Lajpat Rai Activity – 2
• Forged the distinctive technique Satyagraha • Promoted harmony between religions Activity – 3
• 1917 • 1918 • 1918 Activity – 4
• Sydney Rowlatt was the chairman • Gandhiji called for a country wide campaign • Life came to a stand still • Shops shut down and schools closed. Activity – 5
• Protests were intense in Punjab • Bloody climax in Amritsar in April 1919. • British Brigadiar ordered fire on a nationalist meeting. • More than four hundred people were killed. Activity – 6
• Lawyers refused to attend court. • Non-payment of taxes • A training for self-rule.
48 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 7
• Leadership to the younger generation. • To observe 26 January 1930 as Independence day. Activity – 8
• Gandhiji’s tactical wisdom • On 12th March 1930 Gandhiji began his march from Sabarmati Ashram. • Reached his destination three weeks later and made fistful of salt. Activity – 9
• 1931 : Gandhiji attended the conference • 1932 : Congress boycotted Activity – 10
• 1939 October • 1940 • 1942 • 1946 • 16 August 1946 Activity – 11
• Third major movement against British rule. • Younger activists organised strikes and acts of sabotage all over the country. • British suppressed the rebellion • Generally a mass movement.
49 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII THEME – 17
Kerala : Towards modernity
Major ideas
• Early resistance • Social reforms • Struggle for a democratic society Activity – 1
Complete the diagram.
?
Pazhassi Revolt Revolt of Paliath Achan
Early resistance against the British in Kerala
? ?
Activity – 2
Complete the table.
Pazhassi Revolt 1793 – 1797 1800 – 1805
Kundara Proclamation ?
Kurichiya Revolt ? Malabar rebellion ?
50 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 3 Early resistance against the British in Kerala.
Early Resistance
Leaders Area Year/Age Causes
i. Pazhassi Raja Malabar ??
ii. Velu Thampi Dalawa ?? Interference of Col. Macauley in the internal affairs
iii. Paliyath Achan ? 1808 ?
iv. Rama Namby Wayanad ??
v. Mappilas ? 19th Century ?
Activity – 4
Complete the table.
i. Samatva Samajam ? ii. Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham ?
iii. Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam Sree Narayana Guru
iv. Atmavidya Sangham ? v. Travancore Muslim Mahajanasabha ?
Activity – 5
Social Reformers
i. Adukkalayil ninnum Arangathekku ?
ii. Arulnul ?
iii. Atmanutapam Mar Kuriakose Elias Chavara
iv. Abhinavakeralam ?
v. AI-Islam ?
vi. Prachina Malayalam ? vii. Atmopadesa Satakam ?
51 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 6
Complete the table. Reformers Movements Publications Reforms
i. Vaikunda Swamikal ??? ii. Sree Narayana Guru ??? iii. Chattampi Swamikal ??? iv. ? Sadhu Jana Paripalana ?? Sangham v. ?? Atmavidya ? Kahalam vi. ??? He established many schools in central Kerala vii. Vakkom Abdul ? Khader Maulavi ?? vii. ?? Adukkalayil ninnum Arangathekku ? Activity – 7 Complete the table.
i. Shanar Agitation ? ii. Vaikom Satyagraha ?
iii. Paliyam Satyagraha ?
iv. Temple Entry Proclamation 1936
v. Guruvayur Satyagraha ? Activity – 8 Complete the table.
i. Shanar Agitation Right to wear dress
ii. Vaikom Satyagraha ?
iii. Guruvayur Satyagraha ?
iv. Paliyam Satyagraha ?
52 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 9 Complete the table with the appropriates given in bracket.
i. Savarna Jatha ?
ii. Volunteer of Guruvayur Satyagraha ?
iii. Paliyam Satyagraha ? iv. Temple Entry Proclamation ?
v. Miracle of Modern Times ?
vi. Kallumala Agitation ?
(A.G. Velayudhan, Sree Chitra Tirunal Balarama Varma, Mahatma Gandhi, Mannath Padmanabhan, A.K. Gopalan, Ayyankali)
Activity – 10 Struggle for a democratic society
Struggles Leaders
i. Vaikom Satyagraha ?
ii. Guruvayur Satyagraha ?
iii. Paliyam Satyagraha C. Kesavan A.G. Velayudhan
53 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Hints
Activity – 1
• Revolt of Veluthampi Dalawa • Kurichiya Revolt • Mappila outbreaks Activity – 2
ii. 1809 iii. 1812 iv. 1921 Activity – 3
i. • 1793 – 97, 1800-1805 • Mistaken revenue policy of the British ii. • Travancore • 1808-1809 iii. • Cochin • Interference of Col. Mecauley in the internal affairs iv. • 1812 • British revenue policy v. • Malabar • Agrarian problems Activity – 4
i. Vaikunda Swamikal ii. Ayyankali iv. Vaghbhatananda v. Vakkom Abdul Khader Maulavi Activity – 5
i. V.T. Bhattathirippad ii. Vaikunda Swamikal
54 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII iv. Vaghbhatananda v. Vakkom Abdul Khader Maulavi vi. Chattampi Swamikal vii. Sree Narayana Guru Activity – 6
i. • Samatva Samajam – Akhila Thiruttu, Arulnul • Mirror Consecration, Aiyyavazhi, Equality ii. • Sree Narayana Dharmaparipalana Yogam – Atmopadesa satakam, Daivadesakam, Darsanamala, Siva Satakam, Navamanjari • Abolition of caste distinctions, western education and commercial pursuits, Aruvippuram consecration iii. • Prachina Malayalam, Adibhasha, Vedadhikara Nirupanam. • Opposed caste system, Malayalam language, Challenged vedic scriptures. iv. • Ayyankali • Civic rights, attacked caste system, kallumala agitation v. • Vaghbhatananda – Atmavidya Sangham – Abhinava Keralam. • Temple entry, present movements, rationalism vi. • Mar Kuriakose Elias Chavara - Atmanutapam, Idayanadakangal, Dhyanasallapangal, Naalagamangal • Orphanages, Sanskrit school. vii. • Travancore Muslim Mahajana Sabha – Swadeshabhimani, AI – Islam • Discard un-islamic practices, western education. viii. • V.T. Bhattathirippad • Ridiculed ill-treatments, opposed dowry system. Activity – 7
i. 1859 ii. 1924 – 25 iii. 1947 – 48 v. 1931 – 32
55 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 8
ii. Right of the untouchables to walk on the approach roads of Vaikom Temple. iii. Open the Guruvayur temple to all Hindus iv. To walk along the road in front of the residence of Paliath Achan. Activity – 9
i. Mannath Padmanabhan ii. A.K. Gopalan iii. A.G. Velayudhan iv. Sree Chitra Tirunal Balarama Varma v. Mahatma Gandhi vi. Ayyankali Activity – 10
i. T.K. Madhavan, Mananth Padmanabhan, C.V. Kunhiraman, K. Kelappan ii. K. Kelappan, Mannath Padmanabhan, A.K. Gopalan, P. Krishna Pillai
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