Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII CONTENT Page No. Theme - 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones 1 - 8 Theme - 2 Kings, Farmers and Towns 9 - 18 Theme - 4 Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings 19 - 26 Theme - 5 Through the Eyes of Travellers 27 - 31 Theme - 7 An Imperial Capital : Vijayanagara 32 - 37 Theme - 11 Rebels and the Raj 38 - 43 Theme - 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movements 44 - 49 Theme - 17 Kerala : Towards modernity 50 - 56 1 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII THEME – 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones Major Ideas • Subsistence Strategies • Mohenjodaro - A planned Urban centre • Social differences • Craft production • Procuring Materials • Seals, Scripts and Weights • Decline Activity - 1 Complete the following. Subsistence Strategies of the Harappan People • Agriculture • ................................ • ................................ • ................................ Activity - 2 Find out the answer. Agricultural Technologies Statements True/False • Millets were found from sites in Rajasthan ................................ • Terracotta models of plough were found at Banawali ................................ • Banawali is in Gujarat ................................ • Evidence of ploughed field was found from shortughai ................................ • Kalibangan is in Haryana ................................ • Traces of canals were found at Lothal ................................ • Water reservoirs were found in Dholavira ................................ • Dholavira is in Punjab ................................ 1 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 3 Tracking Social Differences Studying burials ............................ Activity - 4 Complete the table. Model : Meluha : Harappa • Magan : ........................................... • Dilmun : ........................................... Activity - 5 Complete the chart. To facilitate long • ......................... distance communication Seals • ......................... Activity - 6 Fill in the blanks. Undeciphered ............................ ............................ Scripts ............................ ............................ 2 Samagra Shiksha Kerala Shiksha Samagra Activity - 7 Complete the table. Town planning in Mohenjodaro Domestic Citadel Lower Town Great Bath Drainage System Architecture Carefully planned • Courtyard with Larger but lower • Rectangular tank • • Smaller, but higher • rooms on all sides • Roads and streets • Walled • Walled • Corridor on all four sides on grid pattern • ................... Class Class : XII History • Two Structures • ....................... • ................... • ................... • ................... • ................... • Buildings built on • ................... platforms • ................... • ................... • ................... • ................... • ................... • Planned building • ................... • ................... • ................... • ................... • ................... 3 Samagra Shiksha Kerala Shiksha Samagra Activity -8 Complete the table. Craft Production Identifying Major craft Procuring Bead making Centres of works Materials production Establishing Materials used Shapes Techniques Sending From settlements where Expeditions distant lands • Raw raw materials are materials available • Carnelian • Bead making • Disc shaped • Two or more • .................. stones • ............... Class : XII History • ..................... • .................. cemented Copper • Copper • .................. • ............... • Shell • ..................... • .................. together khetri from oman • ............... Nageshwar • .................. (Rajasthan) • ..................... • .................. • .................. • Traces of • Copper Nickel • Weight making • .................. • .................. • .................. • Harappan • .................. jar from Oman • Shell 4 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 9 Weights of the Harappan people ? ? ? ? Metal scale - pans Activity - 10 Decline of the Harappan Civilization Causes for the Decline of the Harappan civilization Climatic change ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... 5 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Hints Activity - 1 • Domestication of animals • Hunting • Fishing Activity - 2 False - Millets were found from sites in Gujarat True - False - Banawali is in Haryana False - Evidence of ploughed field was found from Kalibangan False - Kalibangan is in Rajasthan False - Traces of canals were found at Shortughai (Afghanistan) True False - Dholavira is in Gujarat Activity - 3 • Studying artefacts Activity 4 • Oman • Bahrain Activity 5 • To reveal the identity of the sender • To ensure that the objects sent reached intact Activity 6 • Not alphabetical • Short inscriptions • 375 to 400 signs found • Wrote from rights to left Activity 7 Citadel • Warehouse 6 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII • Great Bath Lower Town • Residential area Great Bath • Two flights of steps in North and South • Made watertight by setting bricks, mortar and gypsum • Rooms on all three sides • A well in one room • Eight bathrooms • Drainage from bathrooms • May be used for special ritual bath Drainage • Streets with drainage • Domestic waste water into street drains • One wall of every house near the road side Domestic architecture • Courtyard was centre of activities like cooking and weaving • Concern for privacy • No windows on ground level • Every houses had bathrooms with drains • Remains of staircases • Many houses had wells Activity 8 Major Crafts Shell cutting, Metal working, Seal making Materials Jasper, Crystal, Quartz, Steatite, Bronze, Gold, Faience, Terracotta. Shapes Cylindrical, Spherical, Barrel shaped, Segmented 7 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Techniques • Crushed, pasted and moulded • By firing Centres of production Tools, unfinished objects, rejects and waste materials Shell Balakot Lapis Lazuli Shortughai Activity 9 • Made of stone chart • Cubical in shape • Lower denominations binary • Higher denominations in decimal system Activity 10 • Deforestation • Excessive flood • Shifting of rivers • Drying up of rivers • Over use of landscape 8 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII THEME – 2 Kings Farmers and Towns Major Ideas • Rise of Magadha • Mauryan Empire • New Notions of Kingship • Trade and Towns • Limitations of Inscriptional evidence Activity – 1 Complete the diagram. ? Iron Mines ? Causes for the rise of Magadha ? Ambitious kings ? Activity – 2 The major sources in connection with the Mauryan Empire. • Accounts of Megasthenes • .................................................... • .................................................... • .................................................... • .................................................... 9 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity – 3 Complete the flow chart regarding the administration in the Mauryan Empire. Mauryan Administration Five major political centres Six committees for co-ordinating military activity Capital Provincial centres • • • • • • First : Looked after the navy • Strongest administrative control in • Second : the capital and the provincial • Third : centres • Fourth : • ............................................... • Fifth : • ............................................... • Sixth : Elephants 10 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 4 Dhamma Policy of Asoka Appointed ‘Dhamma Mahamatta’ Inscribed messages on stone surfaces to spread Dhamma Asoka’s Dhamma Dhamma includes • Respect towards elders • • • • Activity - 5 Complete the following. Chiefs and kings in south and central India North Western and Ancient Tamilakam Central and Western Western India India • Cheras • ..................... • ..................... • ..................... • ..................... 11 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 6 Complete the chart. Divine Kings Colossal statues near Mathura ? Kushanas ? ? Activity - 7 Complete the diagram. Gupta Empire Coins Depended on Samantas Historical sources ? ? • Maintained themselves • Composed in praise of kings Prashastis through local resources and patrons by poets • ......................................... • ......................................... • ......................................... 12 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 8 Complete the chart with the help of the map given below. Towns Town located on riverine route Pataliputra Town along land route ? Town near the coast ? Town which was a bustling centre of commercial, cultural and ? political activity. 13 Samagra Shiksha Kerala History Class : XII Activity - 9 Complete the table. Urban Population Kings and ruling elites Other people who lived in fortified cities lived in Towns • Washing folk • • • • • Activity - 10 Complete the diagram. Organisations of craft producers ? Guilds/Shrenis Regulated production ? Activity - 11 The limitations of inscriptional evidence. • Letters are very faintly engraved • .......................................... • .......................................... • .......................................... • .......................................... • .......................................... 14 Samagra Shiksha Kerala Shiksha Samagra Activity - 12 Complete the chart regarding