EMBC Annual Report 2007
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Cell Circuitry || Science Teaches English || The Chicken Genome Is Hot || Magnets in Medicine SEPTEMBER 2002 www.hhmi.org/bulletin Leading Doublea Life It’s a stretch, but doctors who work bench to bedside say they wouldn’t do it any other way. FEATURES 14 On Human Terms 24 The Evolutionary War A small—some say too small—group of Efforts to undermine evolution education have physician-scientists believes the best science evolved into a 21st-century marketing cam- requires patient contact. paign that relies on legal acumen, manipulation By Marlene Cimons of scientific literature and grassroots tactics. 20 Engineering the Cell By Trisha Gura Adam Arkin sees the cell as a mechanical system. He hopes to transform molecular 28 Call of the Wild biology into a kind of cellular engineering Could quirky, new animal models help scien- and in the process, learn how to move cells tists learn how to regenerate human limbs or from sickness to health. avert the debilitating effects of a stroke? By M. Mitchell Waldrop By Kathryn Brown 24 In front of a crowd of 1,500, Ohio’s Board of Education heard testimony on whether students should learn about intelligent design in science class. DEPARTMENTS 2 NOTA BENE 33 PERSPECTIVE ulletin Intelligent Design Is a Cop-Out 4 LETTERS September 2002 || Volume 15 Number 3 NEWS AND NOTES HHMI TRUSTEES PRESIDENT’S LETTER 5 JAMES A. BAKER, III, ESQ. 34 Senior Partner, Baker & Botts A Creative Influence In from the Fields ALEXANDER G. BEARN, M.D. Executive Officer, American Philosophical Society 35 Lost on the Tip of the Tongue Adjunct Professor, The Rockefeller University UP FRONT Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College 36 Biology by Numbers FRANK WILLIAM GAY 6 Follow the Songbird Former President and Chief Executive Officer, SUMMA Corporation JAMES H. -
Present Post: Previous Positions Held: Honors/Awards Membership In
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Vassilis Pachnis, M.D., Ph.D., FMedSci Date of Birth: 24 January 1953 Place of Birth: Athens, Greece Contact details: National Institute for Medical Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas London NW7 1AA, UK. N. Plastira 100, GR‐70013, Heraklion, Greece tel. (+44) 02088162113 Tel. (+30) 2810391100 email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Education: July 1980 University of Athens Medical School (Athens, Greece) M.D. magna cum laude June 1986 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (USA) Degree: Ph.D., Genetics Supervisor: Prof. Shirley Tilghman Nov 1986 – Mar 1988 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Center for Neurobiology and Behavior Columbia University, New York, NY (USA) Postdoctoral Fellow in Prof. Richard Axel's laboratory Apr 1988 – May 1991 Department of Genetics and Development Columbia University, New York, NY (USA) Postdoctoral fellow in Dr. Frank Costantini's laboratory Present Post: ‐ Head of Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Medical Research Council (London, UK) ‐ Director of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas (Heraklion, Greece) Previous positions held: May 1991 – Feb 1997 Senior Scientific Staff, Group Leader, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London (5/91‐2/97) Feb 1997 – Aug 2000 Tenured Senior Scientist, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London Honors/Awards ‐ Scholarship from the National Scholarship Foundation of Greece for Academic excellence in Medical School ‐ Special Fellowship Award from the Leukemia Society of America (Jul 1989‐May 1991) ‐ Janssen Award for Life Time Achievement in Gastroenterology (2002) Membership in Academies ‐ Elected Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences, UK (2000). -
SM08 Programme
SATELLITE MEETING Regulation of gene expression from a distance: exploring mechanisms The Royal Society at Chicheley Hall, home of the Kavli Royal Society International Centre Organised by Professor Wendy Bickmore and Professor Veronica van Heyningen FRS Wednesday 24 – Thursday 25 October 2012 DAY 1 DAY 2 SESSION 1 SESSION 2 SESSION 3 SESSION 4 Enhancer assays Quantitative and dynamic analysis Quantitative & dynamic analysis of Defining enhancers and their mechanisms – transgenes, genetics, and interactomes of transcription protein binding at regulatory of action Chair: Professor Nick Hastie CBE FRS Chair: elements Chair: Dr Duncan Odom Welcome by RS & lead 09.00 Professor Anne Ferguson-Smith Chair: Professor Constance Bonifer organiser The evolution of global Dynamic use of enhancers in Design rules for bacterial Massively parallel functional 09.05 enhancers 13.30 development 09.00 enhancers 13.15 dissection of mammalian enhancers Professor Denis Duboule Professor Mike Levine Dr Roee Amit Dr Rupali Patwardhan 09.30 Discussion 14.00 Discussion 09.30 Discussion 13.45 Discussion Complex protein dynamics at HERC2 rs12913832 modulates The pluripotent 3D genome Gene expression genomics eukaryotic regulatory human pigmentation by attenuating 09.45 14.15 09.45 Professor Wouter de Laat Dr Sarah Teichmann elements chromatin-loop formation between a 14.00 Dr Gordon Hager long-range enhancer and the OCA2 promoter 10.15 Discussion 14.45 Discussion 10.15 Discussion Dr Robert-Jan Palstra 10.30 Coffee 15.00 Tea 10.30 Coffee 14.15 Tea Maps of open chromatin -
Gene Expression Studies: from Case-Control to Multiple-Population-Based Studies
From the Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen,¨ Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur¨ Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH) Head: Prof. Dr. Thomas Meitinger Gene expression studies: From case-control to multiple-population-based studies Thesis Submitted for a Doctoral Degree in Natural Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ Munchen¨ Katharina Schramm Dachau, Germany 2016 With approval of the Faculty of Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨atM ¨unchen Supervisor/Examiner: Prof. Dr. Thomas Illig Co-Examiners: Prof. Dr. Roland Kappler Dean: Prof. Dr. med. dent. Reinhard Hickel Date of oral examination: 22.12.2016 II Dedicated to my family. III Abstract Recent technological developments allow genome-wide scans of gene expression levels. The reduction of costs and increasing parallelization of processing enable the quantification of 47,000 transcripts in up to twelve samples on a single microarray. Thereby the data collec- tion of large population-based studies was improved. During my PhD, I first developed a workflow for the statistical analyses of case-control stu- dies of up to 50 samples. With large population-based data sets generated I established a pipeline for quality control, data preprocessing and correction for confounders, which re- sulted in substantially improved data. In total, I processed more than 3,000 genome-wide expression profiles using the generated pipeline. With 993 whole blood samples from the population-based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) study we established one of the largest population-based resource. Using this data set we contributed to a number of transcriptome-wide association studies within national (MetaXpress) and international (CHARGE) consortia. -
Linking Neurons to Immunity: Lessons from Hydra COMMENTARY Yuuki Obataa and Vassilis Pachnisa,1
COMMENTARY Linking neurons to immunity: Lessons from Hydra COMMENTARY Yuuki Obataa and Vassilis Pachnisa,1 According to the Greek mythology (1), Heracles’ sec- Hydra offers unique advantages to neuroscience re- ond labor was the destruction of the Lernaean Hydra, search as well. Its nervous system is an anatomically a fearsome fire-breathing monster with a dog-like simple network of sensory and ganglion neurons body and nine snake heads. Many had tried to slay that control a range of behaviors, including sponta- the Lernaean Hydra but in vain: Any head that was neous body contractions (5, 6). Remarkably, the an- cut off regrew and multiplied. It is remarkable how atomical organization and functional output of consistent the narrative of this myth is with our recent Hydra’s nervous system are reminiscent of the intrin- understanding of tissue and organ regeneration. Her- sic neural networks of the gastrointestinal tract in acles was successful not only because of his divine vertebrates, known as the enteric nervous system origin (he was the son of Zeus after all) and the help (ENS). The ENS is an assembly of nerve cells within of Athena, but particularly because of the assistance the gut wall, which are organized into the ganglia he received from his nephew Iolaus, who was assigned of the myenteric and submucosal plexus (7) and regu- the job of cauterizing the exposed stumps of the Hy- late most intestinal functions, including coordination of dra’s severed heads. Of course, we now understand smooth muscle contractions, the basis of intestinal why Iolaus’ contribution was so critical: His flame con- peristalsis (8). -
2019 Annual Report
BECKMAN CENTER 279 Campus Drive West Stanford, CA 94305 650.723.8423 Stanford University | Beckman Center 2019 Annual Report Annual 2019 | Beckman Center University Stanford beckman.stanford.edu 2019 ANNUAL REPORT ARNOLD AND MABEL BECKMAN CENTER FOR MOLECULAR AND GENETIC MEDICINE 30 Years of Innovation, Discovery, and Leadership in the Life Sciences CREDITS: Cover Design: Neil Murphy, Ghostdog Design Graphic Design: Jack Lem, AlphaGraphics Mountain View Photography: Justin Lewis Beckman Center Director Photo: Christine Baker, Lotus Pod Designs MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR Dear Friends and Trustees, It has been 30 years since the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine opened its doors in 1989. The number of translational scientific discoveries and technological innovations derived from the center’s research labs over the course of the past three decades has been remarkable. Equally remarkable have been the number of scientific awards and honors, including Nobel prizes, received by Beckman faculty and the number of young scientists mentored by Beckman faculty who have gone on to prominent positions in academia, bio-technology and related fields. This year we include several featured articles on these accomplishments. In the field of translational medicine, these discoveries range from the causes of skin, bladder and other cancers, to the identification of human stem cells, from the design of new antifungals and antibiotics to the molecular underpinnings of autism, and from opioids for pain -
EMBO Facts & Figures
excellence in life sciences Reykjavik Helsinki Oslo Stockholm Tallinn EMBO facts & figures & EMBO facts Copenhagen Dublin Amsterdam Berlin Warsaw London Brussels Prague Luxembourg Paris Vienna Bratislava Budapest Bern Ljubljana Zagreb Rome Madrid Ankara Lisbon Athens Jerusalem EMBO facts & figures HIGHLIGHTS CONTACT EMBO & EMBC EMBO Long-Term Fellowships Five Advanced Fellows are selected (page ). Long-Term and Short-Term Fellowships are awarded. The Fellows’ EMBO Young Investigators Meeting is held in Heidelberg in June . EMBO Installation Grants New EMBO Members & EMBO elects new members (page ), selects Young EMBO Women in Science Young Investigators Investigators (page ) and eight Installation Grantees Gerlind Wallon EMBO Scientific Publications (page ). Programme Manager Bernd Pulverer S Maria Leptin Deputy Director Head A EMBO Science Policy Issues report on quotas in academia to assure gender balance. R EMBO Director + + A Conducts workshops on emerging biotechnologies and on H T cognitive genomics. Gives invited talks at US National Academy E IC of Sciences, International Summit on Human Genome Editing, I H 5 D MAN 201 O N Washington, DC.; World Congress on Research Integrity, Rio de A M Janeiro; International Scienti c Advisory Board for the Centre for Eilish Craddock IT 2 015 Mammalian Synthetic Biology, Edinburgh. Personal Assistant to EMBO Fellowships EMBO Scientific Publications EMBO Gold Medal Sarah Teichmann and Ido Amit receive the EMBO Gold the EMBO Director David del Álamo Thomas Lemberger Medal (page ). + Programme Manager Deputy Head EMBO Global Activities India and Singapore sign agreements to become EMBC Associate + + Member States. EMBO Courses & Workshops More than , participants from countries attend 6th scienti c events (page ); participants attend EMBO Laboratory Management Courses (page ); rst online course EMBO Courses & Workshops recorded in collaboration with iBiology. -
Science & Policy Meeting Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz Science in The
SUMMER 2014 ISSUE 27 encounters page 9 Science in the desert EMBO | EMBL Anniversary Science & Policy Meeting pageS 2 – 3 ANNIVERSARY TH page 8 Interview Jennifer E M B O 50 Lippincott-Schwartz H ©NI Membership expansion EMBO News New funding for senior postdoctoral In perspective Georgina Ferry’s enlarges its membership into evolution, researchers. EMBO Advanced Fellowships book tells the story of the growth and ecology and neurosciences on the offer an additional two years of financial expansion of EMBO since 1964. occasion of its 50th anniversary. support to former and current EMBO Fellows. PAGES 4 – 6 PAGE 11 PAGES 16 www.embo.org HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE EMBO|EMBL ANNIVERSARY SCIENCE AND POLICY MEETING transmissible cancer: the Tasmanian devil facial Science meets policy and politics tumour disease and the canine transmissible venereal tumour. After a ceremony to unveil the 2014 marks the 50th anniversary of EMBO, the 45th anniversary of the ScienceTree (see box), an oak tree planted in soil European Molecular Biology Conference (EMBC), the organization of obtained from countries throughout the European member states who fund EMBO, and the 40th anniversary of the European Union to symbolize the importance of European integration, representatives from the govern- Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL). EMBO, EMBC, and EMBL recently ments of France, Luxembourg, Malta, Spain combined their efforts to put together a joint event at the EMBL Advanced and Switzerland took part in a panel discussion Training Centre in Heidelberg, Germany, on 2 and 3 July 2014. The moderated by Marja Makarow, Vice President for Research of the Academy of Finland. -
Identification of the C-Terminal Activator Domain in Yeast Heat Shock Factor: Independent Control of Transient and Sustained Transcriptional Activity
The EMBO Journal vol.12 no.13 pp.5007-5018, 1993 Identification of the C-terminal activator domain in yeast heat shock factor: independent control of transient and sustained transcriptional activity Yuqing Chen1, Nickolai A.Barlev2,3, Introduction Ole Westergaard and Bent K.Jakobsen4 In response to hyperthermia, and certain other forms of Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, C.F.Mollers stress, cells transiently increase transcription from a small Alle, Building 130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark group of genes that encode a characteristic set of proteins, lPresent address: Department of Zoology, University of Western the heat shock proteins. The heat shock proteins exercise Ontario, London, Canada protective functions in the cell during stress, for instance 2Present address: Laboratory of Structural Genome Organization, Institute of Cytology, Tihkoretsky Avenue 4, 194064 St Petersburg, by renaturing or solubilizing denatured proteins (for reviews Russia see Lindquist, 1986; Pelham, 1986; Bienz and Pelham, 3Present address: Wistar Institute, Pennsylvania University, 1987). 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4268, USA Heat shock promoters contain a universal sequence 4Present address: Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of element that is necessary and sufficient for their Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK transcriptional activation (the heat shock element, HSE). This Communicated by H.R.B.Pelham was originally identified as a 14 bp sequence by deletion analysis of the Drosophila hsp7O promoter (Bienz and In yeast, heat shock factor (HSF) is a trimer that binds Pelham, 1982; Pelham, 1982; Pelham and Bienz, 1982). DNA constitutively but only supports high levels of Careful examination of the HSE has demonstrated that it can transcription upon heat shock. -
Jarid2 Coordinates Nanog Expression and PCP/Wnt Signaling Required for Efficient ESC Differentiation and Early Embryo Developmen
Article Jarid2 Coordinates Nanog Expression and PCP/Wnt Signaling Required for Efficient ESC Differentiation and Early Embryo Development Graphical Abstract Authors David Landeira, Hakan Bagci, Andrzej R. Malinowski, ..., Thomas Carroll, Matthias Merkenschlager, Amanda G. Fisher Correspondence [email protected] (D.L.), amanda.fi[email protected] (A.G.F.) In Brief Landeira et al. show that Jarid2-null ESCs have reduced Wnt9a/Prickle1/Fzd2 and low b-catenin activity, resulting in altered adhesion, constitutive expression of Nanog, and failure to differentiate. Their experiments identify a non-canonical function for Jarid2 in regulating the balance between ESC self-renewal and differentiation. Highlights d ESCs lacking Jarid2 show constitutive Nanog expression d ESCs lacking Jarid2 have reduced PCP/Wnt signaling d Co-culture of Jarid2-null and WT ESCs restores differentiation capability d Jarid2-null ESCs form more than one ICM upon injection to E3.5 mouse blastocysts Landeira et al., 2015, Cell Reports 12, 573–586 July 28, 2015 ª2015 The Authors http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.060 Cell Reports Article Jarid2 Coordinates Nanog Expression andPCP/WntSignalingRequiredforEfficient ESC Differentiation and Early Embryo Development David Landeira,1,2,5,* Hakan Bagci,1,5 Andrzej R. Malinowski,1,5 Karen E. Brown,1 Jorge Soza-Ried,1 Amelie Feytout,1 Zoe Webster,3 Elodie Ndjetehe,3 Irene Cantone,1 Helena G. Asenjo,2 Neil Brockdorff,4 Thomas Carroll,1 Matthias Merkenschlager,1 and Amanda G. Fisher1,* 1Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK 2Department of Computer Science and A. -
Dissertation
Regulation of gene silencing: From microRNA biogenesis to post-translational modifications of TNRC6 complexes DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des DOKTORGRADES DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (Dr. rer. nat.) der Fakultät Biologie und Vorklinische Medizin der Universität Regensburg vorgelegt von Johannes Danner aus Eggenfelden im Jahr 2017 Das Promotionsgesuch wurde eingereicht am: 12.09.2017 Die Arbeit wurde angeleitet von: Prof. Dr. Gunter Meister Johannes Danner Summary ‘From microRNA biogenesis to post-translational modifications of TNRC6 complexes’ summarizes the two main projects, beginning with the influence of specific RNA binding proteins on miRNA biogenesis processes. The fate of the mature miRNA is determined by the incorporation into Argonaute proteins followed by a complex formation with TNRC6 proteins as core molecules of gene silencing complexes. miRNAs are transcribed as stem-loop structured primary transcripts (pri-miRNA) by Pol II. The further nuclear processing is carried out by the microprocessor complex containing the RNase III enzyme Drosha, which cleaves the pri-miRNA to precursor-miRNA (pre-miRNA). After Exportin-5 mediated transport of the pre-miRNA to the cytoplasm, the RNase III enzyme Dicer cleaves off the terminal loop resulting in a 21-24 nt long double-stranded RNA. One of the strands is incorporated in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), where it directly interacts with a member of the Argonaute protein family. The miRNA guides the mature RISC complex to partially complementary target sites on mRNAs leading to gene silencing. During this process TNRC6 proteins interact with Argonaute and recruit additional factors to mediate translational repression and target mRNA destabilization through deadenylation and decapping leading to mRNA decay. -
The GW182 Protein Family in Animal Cells: New Insights Into Domains Required for Mirna-Mediated Gene Silencing
Downloaded from rnajournal.cshlp.org on September 30, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press REVIEW The GW182 protein family in animal cells: New insights into domains required for miRNA-mediated gene silencing ANA EULALIO, FELIX TRITSCHLER, and ELISA IZAURRALDE Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, D-72076 Tu¨bingen, Germany ABSTRACT GW182 family proteins interact directly with Argonaute proteins and are required for miRNA-mediated gene silencing in animal cells. The domains of the GW182 proteins have recently been studied to determine their role in silencing. These studies revealed that the middle and C-terminal regions function as an autonomous domain with a repressive function that is independent of both the interaction with Argonaute proteins and of P-body localization. Such findings reinforce the idea that GW182 proteins are key components of miRNA repressor complexes in metazoa. Keywords: Argonaute; GW182; miRNAs; mRNA decay; P-bodies; RBD; RRM; TNRC6A INTRODUCTION are conserved in diverse organisms (for review, see Carthew and Sontheimer 2009; Kim et al. 2009). Among proteins MicroRNAs are genome-encoded small RNAs that post- that play a general role, those in the GW182 family have transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play critical emerged as key components of miRNA repressive com- roles in a wide range of important biological processes plexes in animal cells (for review, see Ding and Han 2007; including cell growth, division and differentiation, and Eulalio et al. 2007a, 2008a). organism metabolism and development. About 500–1000 The precise molecular function of GW182 proteins in the miRNA genes exist in vertebrates and plants, and 100 in miRNA pathway is not fully understood; yet, recent studies invertebrates, and each miRNA is predicted to have target have provided new insights into their role in silencing sites in hundreds of mRNAs, suggesting that miRNAs (Chekulaeva et al.