MARTIN FERTMANN AND MATTHIAS C. KETTEMANN (EDS.) Can Platforms Cancel Politicians? How States and Platforms Deal with Private Power over Public and Political Actors: an Exploratory Study of 15 Countries GDHRNET WORKING PAPER SERIES #3 | 2021 „All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.“ Art. 1, sentence 1, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), GDHRNet Working Paper #3 2 EU COST Action – CA19143 – Global Digital Human Rights Can Platforms Cancel Politicians? How States and Platforms Deal with Private Power over Public and Political Actors: an Exploratory Study of 15 Countries edited by Martin Fertmann and Matthias C. Kettemann (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR MEDIA RESEARCH | HANS-BREDOW-INSTITUT, HAMBURG, GERMANY) Cite as: Martin Fertmann and Matthias C. Kettemann (eds.), Can Platforms Cancel Politicians? How States and Platforms Deal with Private Power over Political Actors: an Exploratory Study of 15 Countries (Hamburg: Verlag Hans- Bredow-Institut, 2021) This is GDHRNet Working Paper #3 in a series of publications in the framework of GDHRNet edited by Mart Susi and Matthias C. Kettemann. GDHRNet is funded as EU COST Action – CA19143 – by the European Union. All working papers can be downloaded from leibniz-hbi.de/GDHRNet and GDHRNet.eu CC BY SA 4.0 Publisher: Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung | Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI) Rothenbaumchaussee 36, 20148 Hamburg Tel. (+49 40) 45 02 17-0,
[email protected], www.leibniz-hbi.de Executive Summary - Terms-of-service based actions against political and state actors as both key subjects and objects of political opinion formation have become a focal point of the ongoing debates over who should set and enforce the rules for speech on online platforms.