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Items-In-Laos - Negotiations with Phouma and Souphanouvong UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Pa3e 23 Date 28/06/2006 Time 10:52:39 AM S-0878-0001 -23-00001 Expanded Number S-0878-0001 -23-00001 items-in-Laos - negotiations with Phouma and Souphanouvong Date Created 10/10/1969 Record Type Archival Item Container S-0878-0001: Peace-Keeping Operations Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: Other Countries Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit Aide-Memoire On 10 October 1969, at noon, the Prime Minister of Laos, His Highness Prince Souvanna Phouma, paid a visit to the Secretary-General. He was accompanied by the Permanent Representative of Laos to the United Nations. The Prime Minister said that he had just visited Washington where he had held meetings with members of the United States Government regarding the situation in his country and endeavoured to obtain their assistance in bringing about the restoration of peace in Laos. He was anxious to enlist also the support of the Secretary-General for that purpose. One of the means of achieving that goal was the implementation of the Geneva Agreement of 1962, and in particular article k thereof which provides that, in the case of a threat to the territorial integrity of Laos, the members of the Geneva Conference must convene to discuss the situation. Such a threat obviously existed since the North Viet-Namese had invaded Laotian territory. Acting on the basis of article k of the Geneva Agreement, the Prime Minister had appealed personally to the Co-Chairmen of the Conference, but his efforts had been of no avail, especially on account of the attitude of the USSR Government. The latter was of the opinion that the situation in Laos would be solved automatically once the war in Viet-Nam had ended. Such an approach, however, was not acceptable to the Laotian Government since the Geneva Agreement concerning Laos had been signed in 1962, that is before the Agreement on Viet-Nam, and the fate of his country was not linked to that of Viet-Nam. Because of his lack of success in appealing - either directly or through the French and British Governments - to the Co-Chairmen of the Conference, the Prime Minister had just asked the United States Government to take the initiative of consulting the members of the Geneva Conference, especially those which might respond favourably to such an appeal, namely: Burma, Cambodia, Canada, France, India, South Viet-Nam, Thailand and the United Kingdom. A joint intervention on the part of these countries, i.e. on the part of a majority of the members of the Conference, would have considerable weight with the Co-Chairmen. Before returning to his country, the Prime Minister intended to visit Paris, London and possibly New Delhi to request the three Governments to support the United States initiative. He would also have an opportunity to speak to Ambassador Malik before his departure and would request the Permanent Representative of Laos to contact the Permanent Representatives of the other members of the Conference. - 2 - Replying to a question by the Secretary-General, the Prime Minister stated that the recent vithdrawal of Pathet-Lao units from the Plaine des Jarres had no political significance. They were forced to withdraw because their supply routes had been cut. The latest information available to the Prime Minister showed, however, that Pathet-Lao units were coming back in force and might soon launch a counter-offensive. It had been reported in particular that the J12th North Viet-Namese Division had recently crossed the Laotian border. Replying to another question by the Secretary-General, the Prime Minister asserted that the present bombing was directed against the North Viet-Namese invaders and not against the population. In fact, almost all the inhabitants of the affected area had fled to Government-controlled territory and the number of refugees cared for by the Laotian Government amounted to 700,000 out of a total population of 3 million. The Prime Minister then pointed out that North Viet-Nam's intervention in Laos was not a new phenomenon. It had started long before the Laotian Government requested United States help in 196^. That year, after the North Viet-Namese and Pathet-Lao forces had attacked the neutralist forces in the Plaine des Jarres, the Laotian Government had asked the USSR Government for the ammunition it needed to use the weapons it had received from the Soviet Union. It was only after Mr. Khrushchev's refusal that the Laotian Government had turned to the United States. The Prime Minister was now anxious to obtain help from the members of the Geneva Conference which, in accordance with the Agreement, had the duty to guarantee the territorial integrity, neutrality and independence of Laos. In reply to a point raised by the Secretary-General, the Prime Minister observed that Prince Souphanouvong had asked for a cessation of the bombing, but that the Laotian Government could not accede to such a request unless the North Viet-Namese were willing to withdraw their troops from Laos. Asked about the present relations between Laos and Cambodia, the Prime u-i«Hf Minister pointed out that, in the course of a visit to Cambodia/, Prince Sihanouk had asked him to sign a treaty, or at least a joint communique^^ , recognizing the territorial integrity of that country. The Prime Minister had refused to do so since Laos was a neutral country while Cambodia had 1 I differences with South Viet-Nam and Thailand. He had expressed, however, his readiness to sign a communique concerning the border between Cambodia and Laos. Almost immediately after the Prime Minister had returned to Laos, the Cambodian Chief of State in a speech accused him of being a traitor and withdrew his ambassador from Vientiane. The Laotian ambassador was then recalled from Phnom-Penh. The Prime Minister noted, however, that the diplomatic relations between the two countries had not been broken - each country was still represented by a charge d'affaires - and that Laos would be willing to send back its ambassador to Phnom-Penh if Cambodia were willing to take the first step. Before leaving, the Prime Minister thanked the Secretary-General for his kind welcome and his understanding approach to the situation in Laos. 10 October 1969 5 February 1971 RdeB/ksn NOTE ON THE SITUATION IN LAOS At a time when Laos seems on the verge of becoming more deeply involved in the Indo-China war, it may be useful to recall a few elements characteristic of the situation in that country. 1 The Geneva Agreements The political and juridical situation in Laos is by and large defined by the Geneva Agreements of 23 July 1962 instituting the neutrality of the country. Shortly before, the three factions in the country - the right, the neutralist and the Pathet Lao - had agreed on a repartition of the territory and responsibilities in the government under the chairmanship of Prince Souvanna Phouma. After two years, the Pathet Lao had left the government and renewed fighting. Little by little, the disappearance of the neutralist forces created a vacuum in the areas which they had held until then, notably the Plaine des Jarres. Both the rightists and the Pathet Lao claimed their heritage and the Pathet Lao even set up its own so-called "neutralist movement". Most of the fighting which has occurred during the last years was around former neutralist strongholds but the areas clearly attributed to the Pathet Lao or to the right have never been seriously claimed or threatened by the other side, at least until the recent events of Cambodia made the Communist camp expand its control in southern Laos. Similarly, the repartition of portfolios in the Government of National Union set up by different agreements in 1961-1962 was never questioned and ministries given at that time to the Pathet Lao are Jsept available for their holders when they return. 2 The negotiations between the government of Prince Souvanna Phouma and the Pathet Lao Despite scattered fighting, the government of Prince Souvanna Phouma and the Pathet Lao led by his half-brother, Prince Souvanouvuoung, never totally stopped to negotiate and the Pathet Lao still has an official representative in Vientiane. Prince Souvanna Phouma always maintained that the Pathet Lao could reoccupy its seats in his government. However, Prince Souvanouvuoung rejects this return to t he situation previously existing without its adaptation to the "realities of the new situation". In March 19?0, the A.. - 2 - Pathet Lao put forward a five-point plan, text of which is attached (see Annex), and, at the same time, proposed to undertake negotiations with Prince Souvanna Phouma. During the last months, a Pathet Lao special envoy tried to negotiate in Vientiane the question of a place where represent atives of the two leaders could meet. The Pathet Lao proposed KhftHg-Khay, in that part of the country which it controls, and set as a precondition to the holding of the meeting that all bombings should "be stopped in the two northern provinces, Xieng Khouang and Sam Neua,(which are held by the Pathet Laqy. Prince Souvanna Phouma put forward as a condition that all North Viet-Namese troops would be withdrawn from these provinces. Although no agreement could be reached until now, it is interesting to note that the Pathet Lao made several concessions on the duration and implementation of the cessation of the bombing.which tends to show that both parties had a real desire to negotiate. On 21 January, the government of Prince Souvanna Phouma made a new proposal that the meeting be held in the Royal capital, Luang Prabang, thus placing it under the auspices of the King whose authority is recognized by both parties.
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