UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI VENEZIA L'orgoglio ESIBITO Dipartimento Di Studi Umanistici Corso Di Laurea in Antropologia Cultura

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UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI VENEZIA L'orgoglio ESIBITO Dipartimento Di Studi Umanistici Corso Di Laurea in Antropologia Cultura UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI VENEZIA L’ORGOGLIO ESIBITO Dipartimento di Studi umanistici Corso di Laurea in Antropologia culturale, Etnografia ed Etnolinguistica Tesi di laurea magistrale in Antropologia visiva Relatore: Ch.ma Professoressa BONIFACIO VALENTINA Correlatori: Ch.ma Professoressa TAMISARI FRANCA Ch.mo Professore BONESSO GIANFRANCO DIEGO BATTAGLIA Matricola n. 840084 III SESSIONE ANNO ACCADEMICO 2018 -2019 1 2 DEGLI ARGOMENTI DEGLI ARGOMENTI .................................................................................................... pag. 3 A MO’ DI INTRODUZIONE ......................................................................................... pag. 5 Questioni metodologiche .................................................................................................. pag. 6 Posizionamento ................................................................................................................. pag. 14 Bridge.................................................................................................................................. pag. 17 Tavole ................................................................................................................................. pag. 24 UNA DOVUTA NOTA INIZIALE ................................................................................. pag. 35 Tavole ................................................................................................................................ pag. 40 TELAVIVING ................................................................................................................... pag. 52 Un excursus necessario ..................................................................................................... pag. 52 Tel Aviv icona gay ............................................................................................................. pag. 64 Una spiaggia....................................................................................................................... pag. 78 Un popolo in cammino ...................................................................................................... pag. 83 Tavole ................................................................................................................................. pag. 90 ALLE FINESTRE DI PADOVA ..................................................................................... pag. 110 Brevitas ............................................................................................................................... pag. 110 Passando vicino al Santo................................................................................................... pag. 111 Slogans................................................................................................................................ pag. 115 Uno stallone ....................................................................................................................... pag. 118 Tavole ................................................................................................................................. pag. 122 3 RIMINI E ANARCHIA .................................................................................................... pag. 134 Quasi un semitismo ........................................................................................................... pag. 134 Dei diritti non ci frega un cazzo ....................................................................................... pag. 137 Kermesse ............................................................................................................................ pag. 139 Tavole ................................................................................................................................ pag. 145 PALERMO COME TEL AVIV....................................................................................... pag. 167 Un ambiente molto rilassato............................................................................................. pag. 167 Assaggia questo ................................................................................................................. pag. 170 Carretti siciliani ................................................................................................................ pag. 172 Passo di danza.................................................................................................................... pag. 174 Tavole ................................................................................................................................. pag. 179 PER CONCLUDERE ....................................................................................................... pag. 211 Tavole ................................................................................................................................. pag. 215 QUANTO RICHIAMATO ............................................................................................... pag. 223 4 A MO’ DI INTRODUZIONE Fare etnografia significa scrivere di un altro, ma oggi di chi? Con questa domanda sono partito nel giugno del 2018 alla volta di Tel Aviv, una moderna metropoli di quello che una volta si sarebbe chiamato Medio Oriente,1 o addirittura, secondo una precedente definizione più categorica e scolastica Vicino Oriente. Sapevo che lì si sarebbe tenuto quello che mi immaginavo essere una grande celebrazione in un contesto inter clanico contemporaneo e globale. Ne venni a conoscenza l’anno prima, quando chiacchierando casualmente con un abitante di quella città mi venne riferito che essa ospitava annualmente un evento considerato come uno dei maggiori a livello mondiale e il primo dell’area geografica: il Gay Pride.2 Mi organizzai per parteciparvi come “aspirante stregone antropologo”. L’anno dopo, infatti, profittando di un mese di ferie mi sono recato in quella metropoli per assistere di persona a quello che è considerato il maggiore Gay Pride d’Europa, si d’Europa (essendo l’unico della zona mediorientale, e anche se Israele si trova geograficamente in Asia, è oggigiorno considerato uno stato in un certo qual senso europeo almeno da un punto di vista occidentale dell’accezione) secondo qualche mio interlocutore che addirittura arrivava a prospettare una passata concorrenza tra Berlino e Tel Aviv, ora accomunate da una non meglio precisata collaborazione in merito. Un altro mio interlocutore lo paragonò con quello di Amsterdam e, addirittura, qualcun altro con quello di San Francisco. Ma al di là di questi accrediti di importanza e grandezza, la mia curiosità di studente in antropologia era stimolata dal fatto di cercare di capire come fosse possibile che in uno Stato, che normalmente è percepito nelle sue esemplificate rappresentazioni dall’immaginario collettivo globale essere uno Stato tendenzialmente a vocazione religiosa e in cui i contrasti interetnici (il conflitto arabo- israeliano) sono esacerbati dall’aspetto religioso e dall’esasperata ortodossia nella pratica quotidiana delle due religioni prevalenti, potesse essere organizzato, condotto e accettato un tale evento. hamizrà haticon, letteralmente “l’oriente del Mare mediterraneo”. Spesso abbreviato con ,המזרח התיכון :In ebraico 1 Si vedrà successivamente l’importanza, da un punto di vista etnolinguistico, di ciò. Da ora nel testo .מזה''ת l’acronimo non dirò più per le traduzioni “in ebraico”. mits‟àd gaavà, “la parata dell’orgoglio”, uno stato costrutto dove il termine assoluto, un aggettivo, è stato ,מצעד הגאווה 2 assunto nella lingua corrente per indicare tutto quello che si riferisce ed è legato alla comunità LGBT locale. Da qui userò per comodità il generico termine inglese Pride. Un termine assunto anche in altri Paesi dove però si esplicita il senso del significato aggiungendo il termine “omosessuale”, a differenza che in Israele dove normalmente si parla e si scrive, appunto “orgoglio”, tout court. Come ho avuto modo di accorgermi, su un tabellone dove si voleva raccogliere frasi pensate dai partecipanti alla sfilata e successivamente essere poi “postate” su Instagram a cura degli organizzatori habrakh sheli la‟atsmi baiom hagaavà”, “il mio augurio per me stesso ,הברכה שלי לעצמי ביום הגאווה di quella, c’era scritto nella giornata del Pride. 5 La mia stessa visione dello Stato di Israele era, fino ad allora, principalmente influenzata dai numerosi soggiorni condotti principalmente a Gerusalemme per un’indagine su un precedente mio argomento di studio che investiva una questione prettamente religiosa. E tale visione iniziale mi è stata a più riprese confermata dagli interlocutori con i quali allora mi rapportavo. L’espressione con la quale si identifica quella terra come santa per i tre maggiori monoteismi – quante volte lo si sente ancora dire – lega indubbiamente l’immagine di un moderno Stato ad una pesante eredità relegandolo a vivere in un passato eternamente presente che soffoca la sua normalità, la sua storia attuale, le sue contraddizioni, le sue libertà, i suoi conflitti, in una parola la sua modernità. Questo aspetto, come dirò, è fonte di contraddizione quando non addirittura di contrasto ed esclusione. Ho deciso quindi di indagare tale “fenomeno” come cartina al tornasole dell’evoluzione dello Stato verso una forma più spinta di laicismo e modernità e conseguentemente di raffrontarlo con altri eventi dello stesso genere svoltisi poi in Italia, Stato per sua costituzione sicuramente laico anche se con un substrato ed influenze religiose ancora significativamente presenti. Il
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