Source Abbreviations

Home , Afikim (company), Al HaMishmar, Ein Harod, HaBoker, HaMashkif, Hebrew labor

Archives CZA Central Zionist Archive ISA Israel State Archives LA Lavon Institute for Labour Research Daily Newspapers AH Al HaMishmar CS Chicago Sentinel DA Davar DH Doar Hayom HB Haboker HD Hed Hamizrah HH Hapoel HaTzair HM Ha’mizrachi HS Hamashkif HZ Hazfira PB Palestine Bulletin PP Palestine Post Reports 19ZC 19th Zionist Congress Report, 1937 CE22 Census of Palestine 1922 CE26 2nd Jewish Workers Census 1926 CE37 Census of Jewish Employees (2 March 1937) CEN Census of Palestine 1931 CJE Census of Jewish Employees (Workers and Officials), March 1930 CW40 Report of the Committee on Development and Welfare Services, 1940 HIS3 Minutes of the 3rd Histadrut Convention, 1927

JAOY Jewish Agency’s Operation for Yemeni Jews in Wartime, 1945 LS43 Labour Supervision in the Colonial Empire, 1937–1943 PC37 Palestine Royal Commission 1937 (Peel Commission) SAP Statistical Abstract of Palestine, 1929 SAP2 Statistical Abstract of Palestine, 1936 SHJP Statistical Handbook of Jewish Palestine 1947 TEN Ten Years of Jewish Immigration into Palestine, 1929 WW49 Women Workers’ Council’s Report of the 1942–1949 Period Yemeni Publications BH Betoch HaMaaracha HT Hapoel HaTeymani SH Shaaraim ST Shvut Teiman YH Yediot Hugim UT Uri Teiman Other Small Publications AJ Al-Jia (camp workers’ publication) MH Michtav Hozer (an HWC publication) Bibliography

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A Assembly of Representatives, 55, 93, American Federation of Labor, 27 155, 158, 174, 181 anti-discriminatory policies, 19, 31, auxiliary farm, 66, 67, 151, 160–2 53, 117, 232, 244, 266, 277 Arab peasant, 59, 65 Arab Revolt, 52, 76n8, 101, 104, B 108, 109, 113–15, 122, 216, Balfour Declaration, 48 251, 252 bargaining power, 11, 19, 30–2, 34, Arab unions, 7, 35, 70, 88, 97, 102, 69, 75, 148, 170, 180, 223–5, 112–15, 118, 121–4, 126, 223, 257, 259, 276 251, 254, 260, 276, 279, 282 Ben-Gurion, David, 94, 99, 129n28, Arab Workers, 7, 8, 10, 13, 21, 35, 153, 156, 233n18 48–70, 83–127, 147–9, 163, 172, Ben-Zvi, Izhak, 153 192, 195, 200, 204, 215, 221, Bonacich, Edna, 23–6, 28, 29, 38n15, 222, 231, 246, 249, 253, 254, 89, 263, 275 259, 262, 265, 266, 275–82 British colonial government, 26, 50–7, Arab Workers’ Congress, 70, 122, 59, 60, 69, 75, 192, 244, 253, 123 284 Arab Workers’ Society, 114, 115, 122, employer, 7, 8, 53, 62, 64, 70, 223, 251 76n11, 120, 123, 132n67, Ashkenazi, 4, 21, 25, 36, 56, 106, 254–6, 260 142, 144, 149, 151–3, 155, 160, impartiality, 51–3 169, 174, 178–80, 191, 196, minimal state, 52–4, 59, 76n4, 117, 202, 232, 246, 260–2, 275, 283 192, 272

1Note: Page numbers followed by “n” refers to notes.

British colonial government (cont.) F ordinances, 54, 108, 117, 228 Federation of Arab Trade Unions, 70, business cycle, 36, 101, 213, 246, 122, 123 257, 276 Fishman, Ada, 222, 233n18 Freeman, Richard B., 9 full employment, 4, 32, 110, 121, C 122, 223, 224, 227, 253, 257 caste system, 24, 26, 28, 53, 211 chauvinism. See social stigma citrus, 58–60, 63, 76n11, 110, G 134n94, 148, 154, 161, 172, Galilee, 70, 160 210, 219, 224, 252 Gluska, Zecharia, 153, 168, 177 Colonial Office, 51, 134n93 Grint, Keith, 17–19, 277 communal settlement. See kibbutz and moshav construction, 92, 105, 111, 116, 163, H 199, 200, 203, 215, 216, 218, Haifa, 58, 60–2, 70, 97, 99, 102, 103, 219, 226, 227, 250, 255, 260 111–13, 118, 119, 122, 172, corporatism, 5, 15, 16, 31, 75, 244, 203, 205, 208, 210, 213, 218, 273, 284 219, 221, 224, 247–52 cost of living adjustment, 54, 224, heavy industry, 57, 61, 73, 122, 123, 225, 253, 255, 256 170, 172, 214, 260 Histadrut, 72 Agricultural Center, 67, 160, 198, D 214, 279 democratic political institutions, 54, conventions, 98, 153, 158, 168, 55, 146, 155, 157, 162, 180, 174, 203, 265 181, 201 employment agencies (see domino effect, 17, 179, 277 employment agencies: Histadrut employment agencies) E Executive Committee, 72, 89, 169, employment agencies 179, 206 general employment agencies, 120, family wage, 10 137n132, 166, 171, 172, 174 leadership, 10, 93–5, 107, 152, Histadrut employment agencies, 72, 155, 156, 158, 159, 162, 77n18, 152, 154, 157, 163, 167–71, 175, 176, 179, 181 169, 183n25, 195, 208, 215, local trade unions, 2, 72, 73, 151, 279 154, 157, 169, 174, 181, 205, neutral employment agencies, 165, 208, 209, 211, 213, 215, 216, 166 218, 222, 225–8, 248–50, 252, European Jew. See Ashkenazi 265 INDEX 309

local workers’ council, 72, 73, 75, Jewish Produce Campaign, 91, 111, 95, 112, 152, 166, 208, 217, 221 215–17 job queue, 171, 172, 222, 260, 281 Oriental Department, 174–6, 178 Solel Boneh, 92, 105, 111, 133n73, 133n81, 158, 159, 279 K structure, 72 Kapara, Pinhas, 182n19 Houshi, Aba, 118 Katznelson, Rachel, 219 human wave, 17, 18, 20 Kessler-Harris, Alice, 22 kibbutz, 66, 67, 71, 76n10, 88, 127n3, 160, 201 I Knights of Labor, 27 Independent Yemeni Association, 178 industrialization, 49, 57, 88, 165, 171, 172, 223, 253, 284 L information flow, 33, 210, 212 labor history, 11, 12, 18 Israeli state, 9, 35, 260 Latour, Bruno, 17 light industry, 61, 73, 164, 170, 173, 204, 209, 210, 214, 224, 227, J 247, 254, 258–60 Jaffa, 70, 102, 114, 119, 122, 131n45, 158, 205, 248, 251 Jerusalem, 70, 99, 103, 149, 159, M 184n35, 203, 205, 208, 252 Mapai, 56, 77n15, 103, 128n12, 174, Jewish, 7 192, 201 capital import, 49, 57, 60 married women, 29, 274 immigration, 49, 51, 59, 60, 101, Meir, Golda, 176, 233n18 108, 125, 128n15 Michels, Robert, 16 nationalism. See Zionist project Milkman, Ruth, 22, 32 Jewish Agency, 120, 137n132, 161, Mitri, Michel, 114 166, 171, 179 Mizrahi, 13, 21, 142, 159, 173, 175, Jewish Labor Campaign, 35, 91, 97, 181n3, 203, 232n1, 246, 258, 261 105, 107–12, 114, 115, 117, moshav, 66, 67, 71, 88, 160, 161, 166 120, 124, 132n69, 133n70, moshava, 60, 66, 67, 90, 110, 148, 184n40, 204, 221, 265, 280, 281 169, 198, 202, 204, 214, 224, Jewish Labor Movement, 71, 72, 89, 229, 235n65, 268n25 90, 92, 93, 98, 99, 101, 106–9, 124, 128n13, 128n14, 129n28, 132n61, 143, 144, 153, 155, 156, N 175, 177, 180, 192–4, 200–2, national federation, 3, 11, 15, 35 233n18, 238n118, 260, 274 near full employment. See full Jewish National Fund, 161 employment 310 INDEX

Nelson, Bruce, 18 Raptor, Berl, 219, 220, 230 neo-corporatism. See corporatism Rueda, David, 6, 25, 263, 277

O S occupational segregation, 6, 14, 32, Second World War. See World War II 144, 154, 163, 174, 177, 181, single women, 29, 36, 192 192, 196, 198–200, 205, 207, social cleavages, 2, 26, 31, 55, 202, 209, 211, 214–16, 218, 228, 210, 272, 278 231, 257, 259, 266, 273, 274, social closure (see Parkin, Frank) 276, 281, 283 social cohesion, 2, 31, 261, 284 oriental Jew. See Mizrahi social justice, 1, 2, 4, 37 Ottoman era, 35, 48, 49, 64, 66, 98, social stigma, 6, 22, 23, 36, 38n14, 143, 280 63, 85, 86, 116, 144, 180, 182n6, 182n7, 193, 194, 196, 220, 230, 231, 262, 273, 274, P 283 Palestine solidarity, 13, 24, 30, 91, 93, 96, 103, British Mandate, 2, 48, 50, 57, 71, 113, 125, 221 83, 108 South Africa, 26, 29 economy, 51, 57, 59, 69, 87, 250 Split Labor Market (see Bonacich, Legislative Council, 52 Edna) transformation, 3, 7, 47, 48, 57, 59, standardization, 5, 9, 10, 15, 31, 32, 89 34, 36, 75, 230, 232, 243–60, Palestine Arab Workers’ Society, 69, 271, 273, 276, 284 70, 98, 105, 112–14, 119, 122, Suez Canal, 51, 121 123, 131n53, 135n111, suffrage, 8, 209 136n125, 249, 251 convention, 113 Palestine Labour League, 76n12, 85, T 88, 99, 102–7, 112, 113, 115, Tabenkin, Yitzhak, 175 116, 118, 119, 122, 124, 126, Tabib, Abraham, 153, 168, 178 157, 249, 279, 280, 282 Tel Aviv, 58–61, 99, 149, 154, 158, Palestine Zionist Executive, 161 165, 166, 168, 169, 203, 205, Parkin, Frank, 23–6, 33, 89, 263, 275 215, 220, 221, 228, 233n24, picketing. See trade union: picketing 249, 250, 252 prejudice. See social stigma textile, 32, 61, 203, 256, 262 trade union cultural work, 30, 217 R density, 1, 2 racism. See social stigma equalization, 6, 13, 24, 25, 30–2, Rapping, Leonard A., 26 89, 95, 195 INDEX 311

industrial, 2, 11, 15, 122, 208, 215, sub-ethnicity. See trade union 249, 251, 253, 276, 284 exclusion: ethnicity informal policy, 19, 27, 33, 141, 191, 208, 220, 223 insiders, 6, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, U 30, 32–4, 89, 125, 137n133, union uses model, 6, 21, 27–30, 32, 156, 179, 191, 192, 230, 262, 33, 37, 75, 76, 107, 108, 125, 263, 266, 273, 275, 277 195, 230, 243, 244, 246, 259, members, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18, 20–3, 262, 263, 265, 266, 271, 273–5, 31–4, 36, 98, 225 277 oligarchy, 16, 17 United States, 7, 11, 17, 18, 26, 27, outsiders, 6, 25, 26, 137n133, 263, 96, 177, 214, 229 265, 273, 277 urbanization, 55, 58, 88, 96, 121, picketing, 54, 108–10, 114, 115, 161, 223 117, 124, 132n61, 132n62, 280 qualitative research, 4, 8, 12–15, 18, V 21, 142 violent incidents, 51, 59, 101, 108, quantitative research, 4, 5, 8–12, 109, 248, 266, 276 14, 142, 243, 281 Virdee, Satnam, 17–19, 277 regime, 35, 47, 69, 74, 244 revitalization, 11, 34, 285 tendency to exclude, 5 W verticality, 15–20, 179, 277 wage-gap, 6, 10, 14, 28, 32, 37n4, 53, trade union exclusion, 21 112, 116, 119, 120, 144, 149, ethnicity, 6, 13, 14, 27–9, 100, 116, 163, 168, 177, 192, 199, 210, 141, 194, 200, 202 214, 215, 218, 226–30, 235n65, full exclusion, 27, 29, 30, 35, 83–5, 238n103, 244, 266, 273–5, 283 87, 88, 106, 107, 115, 124, wage-premium, 8–10, 14, 15, 37n1, 126, 127, 145, 159, 180, 191, 37n3 200, 201, 260, 263, 264, 266, wage standardization. 274, 275, 281, 284 See standardization gender, 6, 13, 14, 24, 27–9, 38n7, women workers conventions, 197, 38n8, 116, 141, 209, 211, 198, 206, 225 218, 220 Women Workers’ Council, 176, moderate partial exclusion, 28, 36, 184n30, 194, 197, 205 191, 230, 231, 263, 265, 274 Women Workers’ Movement, 192–4, race, 6, 13, 14, 18, 27–9, 38n7, 196–8, 200, 201, 205–14, 116, 194, 202 216–19, 221, 222, 224–7, 229, severe partial exclusion, 36, 141, 231, 232, 233n18, 236n72 145, 171, 175, 176, 178, 180, workers’ competition, 7, 22, 23, 26, 191, 200, 201, 263–5, 274 66, 68, 72, 87, 89, 92, 93, 107, 312 INDEX

125, 151, 175, 262, 263, 265, Y 273–6, 279, 280, 285 Yemeni Association (YA), 150–9, workers’ militancy, 16, 70, 73, 97, 162–8, 170–2, 175–8, 180, 194, 113, 204, 251 223, 265, 282 Working Mothers’ Organization, 217, conventions, 177 229 Yemeni Workers’ Club (YWC), 155–9, workplace committee, 11, 72, 210, 162, 167–70, 174, 176, 265, 282 228 Yeshayahu, Yisrael, 169, 176, 182n19 World War I, 48, 90 World War II, 7, 32, 38n14, 52–5, 58, 60, 62–4, 69, 70, 102, 109, 112, Z 114, 121–3, 171, 172, 195, Zionist Congress, 55, 93, 155, 156, 223–9, 245, 253, 255 158, 166–8, 183n29 World Zionist Organization, 50, 55, Zionist project, 47, 48, 50–2, 66, 85, 56, 111, 183n29 93, 94, 97, 112, 201, 202